2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第三部分第六讲特殊句式学案北师大版.docx

第六讲特殊句式强调句与省略句全析考法 单句语法填空1(2018天津高考改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 解析：that句意：直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候，我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此处是强调句型“It is(was)被强调部分that其余部分”，本句强调的是时间状语从句。2(2017天津高考改编)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.解析：that句意：正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。此处为强调句型its .that .，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。3(2016天津高考改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.解析：that句意：你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。去掉it is和空格处后是一个完整的句子，因此本句是一个强调句，填that。谨记规则1强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。特别注意强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？特别注意由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。She doesnt know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。(4)not . until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until . that句子其他部分。It was not until then that I realized the importance of health.直到那时我才意识到了健康的重要性。2强调谓语动词It is/was .who/that .结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。3状语从句中的省略在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，状语从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都追溯到20世纪50 年代。4动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。5so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I believe等开头的答句中。Do you think it will rain？你认为会下雨吗？I hope so/not.我希望下/不下。6常用的if相关的省略结构if ever如果曾经发生过的话if busy 如果忙的话if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的话if so 如果这样的话if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话倒装与其他特殊句式全析考法单句语法填空/单句改错1(2018北京高考改编)In any unsafe situation, simply_ (press) the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need. 解析：press句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。此题为“祈使句and陈述句”结构，所以用动词原形。2(2017江苏高考改编)_ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析：Were句意：如果没有老师的支持，这名学生不可能克服她的困难。该句是省略if的虚拟条件句，if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。3(2016江苏高考改编)Not until recently _(do) they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.解析：did句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。not until放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装，此处指过去所发生的动作，应使用一般过去时。4(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words. “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”_解析：TurningTurn最后一句为祈使句，并和上文中的“Speed up！”和“Slow down！”并列，故改为动词原形Turn。谨记规则(一)倒装1部分倒装(1)含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than ., not only . but also ., not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。(2)“only状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。(3)so/such . that . 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she.上周我看了哈利波特这部电影，她也看了。(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Strange as it may sound, if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的愿望的方法，而是你根本就没有愿望。(6)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面。Should it rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home如果明天下雨，我不得不待在家里。(7)“may动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed.祝你成功。2全部倒装(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，一个他从来没见过的女孩站在那儿。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。(二)感叹句1What (a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！What beautiful flowers they are！多么美丽的花啊！2How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！How clever a boy he is！What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀！3How形容词/副词主语谓语！How high the mountain is！这山真高呀！(三)祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。一般不出现主语，谓语动词一律用原形；否定词一律在动词前加dont。祈使句的强调形式是在句首加do。Do be careful while you are crossing the street.过马路时一定要小心。Dont get close to that river.不要靠近那条河。(四)反意疑问句反意疑问句由“陈述句反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。1陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问词用neednt; 当为mustnt (不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问词用must。You must go now, neednt you？你现在必须走，不是吗？You mustnt smoke here, must you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？(2)当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词所表示的时间来确定。You must have watched the football match last night, didnt you？你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧？2陈述部分含有used to时，疑问词用usednt或didnt均可。You used to play football, usednt/didnt you?你过去常常踢足球，是吗？3陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问词用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。He ought to attend the meeting, oughtnt/shouldnt he?他应该参加会议，不是吗？4陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。He could hardly get up, could he?他几乎起不来了，不是吗？(2)陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。Mary dislikes sports, doesnt she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？(3)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。He said that she would come here on time, didnt he?他说她会准时来这里，不是吗？特别注意当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定，需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。I dont think he will attend the meeting on time, will he?我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？(五)there be结构1there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我们国家就发生了巨大的变化。There must be a mistake somewhere.某个地方一定出错了。2there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替换。There seems to be an announcement about the project.关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有一个人路过。3there be结构的常用句式There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。There is no doubt about ./that . 毫无疑问There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.(做)某事(没)有困难/麻烦。There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that .(做)某事(没)有可能性。This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.这并不意味着我们正变得比以前更聪明或是不如以前聪明，但是毫无疑问，我们使用记忆力的方式正在发生变化。语法填空解题“2步骤”1注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。2根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。(1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和数；(2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。1The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party, nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed. 2Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.3On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.4But the fighting scenes alone dont explain the movies success its also the patriotism (爱国主义) and spirit of the film projects that have deeply impressed Chinese audiences.5. The police were seeking more information to find out who it was that killed the rich merchant.6Who should be responsible for the action? The boss is to blame. The employees just carried out the order as told (tell). 7When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.8We dont believe that the news is true, is (be) it?短文改错解题“1关注”“1关注”就是指关注各特殊句式的特点：(1)强调句型由“It is/was . that/who”构成，删掉后不影响句子的完整；(2)倒装句分部分倒装和完全倒装；(3)省略句常考状语从句与不定式中的省略；(4)感叹句需注意其两个感叹词“how”与“what”；(5)there be句型中应重点关注主谓一致性。1I try not to sh