高考英语《语法》专题复习04词义猜测技巧.ppt

猜测词义类试题 解题技巧,猜词技巧是一种很重要的应试技巧。在诸多的英语测试中，几乎都包含有判断生词或关键词词义的题目。考试中经常作为考点的词汇包括以下几种： 常用词在特殊语言环境中的特殊意义； 专业化程度较高的词； 生僻词。,常见提问形式 1) According to the author, the word “” means _. 2) The word “” most likely means _. 3) The word “” in Line .probably means _. 4) By the word “”, the author means_. 5) In Line . , the word “” refers to _. 6) Which of the following is nearest /closest in meaning to “” ? 7) In Line , the word “” could best be replaced by which of the following?,利用上下文中的同义关系猜测词义 B利用上下文中的反义关系猜测词义 利用构词法猜测词义 D. 利用逻辑推理猜测词义 E. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测 F 根据上下文语境进行猜测,猜 词 技 巧,1. like, as.as, the same as 等； 2. to be，mean，refer to 等； 3. be defined as ，be known as ，be called ， be termed 等； 4. and 和 or； 5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义； 6. 以标点符号为线索猜测词义。,like(像一样), as.as (如同一样)， the same as(与相同)等。 【例】 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.,like(像一样), as.as (如同一样)， the same as(与相同)等。 【例】 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 【解】 “圆胖的, 丰满的” 译文：母亲是身材高大、肥胖的中年妇女。学校的校长年龄 稍大些，几乎跟母亲一样肥胖，不过个子要矮得多。,2. to be(是)，mean(意指)，refer to(指的是) 等。 【例1】Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.,2. to be(是)，mean(意指)，refer to(指的是) 等。 【例1】Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 【解】 “退火”,2. to be(是)，mean(意指)，refer to(指的是) 等。 【例1】Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 【解】 “退火” 【例2】Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering .,2. to be(是)，mean(意指)，refer to(指的是) 等。 【例1】Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 【解】 “退火” 【例2】Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering . 【解】 “通风” 译文： 正如你所知道的，通风是一种提供新鲜空气的方式 或手段。它在工程领域里起着十分重要的作用。,3. be defined as (被定义为) ，be known as (被称为) ， be called (被称为) ，be termed (被定义为) 等。 【例1】A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood.,3. be defined as (被定义为) ，be known as (被称为) ， be called (被称为) ，be termed (被定义为) 等。 【例1】A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 【解】 “蚊子”,3. be defined as (被定义为) ，be known as (被称为) ， be called (被称为) ，be termed (被定义为) 等。 【例1】A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 【解】 “蚊子” 【例2】A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.,3. be defined as (被定义为) ，be known as (被称为) ， be called (被称为) ，be termed (被定义为) 等。 【例1】A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 【解】 “蚊子” 【例2】A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. 【解】 “木匠”,4. and和or。 【例1】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.,4. and和or。 【例1】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 【解】 “仿效” 译文：小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为。,4. and和or。 【例1】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 【解】 “仿效” 译文：小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为。 【例2】At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of erergy.,4. and和or。 【例1】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 【解】 “仿效” 译文：小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为。 【例2】At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of erergy. 【解】 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy, 可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。,5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。 【例1】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。 【例1】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 【解】 “牧人” ,5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。 【例1】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 【解】 “牧人” 【例2】I told him I was a mason, a person whose job is cutting stone into shape for building.,5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。 【例1】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 【解】 “牧人” 【例2】I told him I was a mason, a person whose job is cutting stone into shape for building. 【解】 “石匠”,5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。 【例3】His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.,5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。 【例3】His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 【解】 “动物学家”,5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。 【例3】His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 【解】 “动物学家” 【例4】He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of his hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.,5. 以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。 【例3】His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 【解】 “动物学家” 【例4】He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of his hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 【解】 “变戏法者” 译文：他是一个变戏法的人，通过从他的帽子里拉 出兔子、吞火和玩其他类似的把戏来逗孩子们开心。,6. 以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等） 【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.,6. 以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等） 【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily. 【解】 “脆”,6. 以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等） 【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily. 【解】 “脆” 【例2】 We are on the nightshift from midnight to 8 am this week.,6. 以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等） 【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily. 【解】 “脆” 【例2】 We are on the nightshift from midnight to 8 am this week. 【解】 “夜班”,6. 以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等） 【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily. 【解】 “脆” 【例2】 We are on the nightshift from midnight to 8 am this week. 【解】 “夜班” 【例3】They are good diggers , and in Ranthambhore ( a wildlife park in Northern India) are nocturnal ：they only come out at night.,阅读中应多注意带有 but, yet, however, otherwise, Nevertheless，in contrast，on the other hand，rather than， although，while ,unlike，whereas 等表示转折意义的词或是有分号的句子。这类句子前后存在明显的对比关系，根据已知内容，通过对比很容易猜出生词的意义。,【例1】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones， however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve,【例1】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones， however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve 【解】 “复杂的”,【例1】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones， however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve 【解】 “复杂的” 【例2】John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty.,【例1】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones， however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve 【解】 “复杂的” 【例2】John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty. 【解】 “节俭的”,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀 super-（超）， inter-（在之间）， -able（能的）， mini-（极少的，微型的），micro-（极微小的）， re-（再，反复），sub-（分支的，底下），co-（共同），post- (后)， pre-（前）， trans-（超越；转换）， under-（在之下；低于；不足）， -hood（状态；性质；时期）， -ish（如的；有点儿的）； -proof（防的；不 能穿透的）， -scope（景）， -ship（身份；资格；权力； 性质）， -some（易于的）， -wards（向）， mis-（误；恶）， un-（不；非）， in-（不；非）， im-（不； 非）， dis-（不）， non- （不；非），-less（不； 无）， anti-（反；防） ， sino-（中国）,【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense. ,【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense. 【解】 sense 有“心智健全、意识”之意，non- 构成它的反义词，故 nonsense有 “胡言乱语，胡说八道 ”之意。 ,【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense. 【解】 sense 有“心智健全、意识”之意，non- 构成它的反义词，故 nonsense有 “胡言乱语，胡说八道 ”之意。 【例2】Jason is a language specialist.,【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense. 【解】 sense 有“心智健全、意识”之意，non- 构成它的反义词，故 nonsense有 “胡言乱语，胡说八道 ”之意。 【例2】Jason is a language specialist. 【解】 “Special”是“unusual”（不寻常的）之 意；后缀“-ist”指人。“Specialist”就是 “不寻常的人”；也就是“专家”之意。,1以因果关系为线索 2以列举的事例为线索 运用生活经验及普通常识进行推理 4. 联想法,【例1】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.,【例1】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 【解】 “修剪”,【例1】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 【解】 “修剪” 【例2】 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.,【例1】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 【解】 “修剪” 【例2】 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 【解】 “永远的，永久的”,【例1】You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.,【例1】You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 【解】 “期刊”,【例1】You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 【解】 “期刊” 【例2】Apply (涂抹) an antiseptic, such as alcohol (酒精), on the skin.,【例1】You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 【解】 “期刊” 【例2】Apply (涂抹) an antiseptic, such as alcohol (酒精), on the skin. 【解】 “酒精”可以防毒；“antiseptic”准是“消毒药”了。,【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once.,【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once. 【解】 “车闸“,【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once. 【解】 “车闸“ 【例2】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.,【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once. 【解】 “车闸“ 【例2】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 【解】 wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。,【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once. 【解】 “车闸“ 【例2】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 【解】 wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。 【例3】 Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.,【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once. 【解】 “车闸“ 【例2】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 【解】 wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。 【例3】 Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 【解】 “枯萎”,【例1】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop).,【例1】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop). 【解】 “笔”,【例1】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop). 【解】 “笔” 【例2】 On entering the room, he began to measure his legs on the floor.,【例1】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop). 【解】 “笔” 【例2】 On entering the room, he began to measure his legs on the floor. 【解】 译文：他一进屋就摔了个大跟头。,例1 Chicken becomes rotten very quicklyIt can go bad in a refrigerator if it is left there for more than a week. If you have any 1）suspicion that the meat is bad, dont eat it. Instead 2）inspect it very carefully；Check the smell，how it looks and feelsThe first sign that the chicken is rotten is the smellIf the chicken has a bad 3）odor，you should throw it outThe second sign that chicken is rotten is the lookIf the meat is black，throw it outThe third sign is the feel of the chickenIf the meat is very soft，it might be rotten. 4)Discard it if it isIf only part of the chicken is bad，remove the rotten 5）Portion and keep the rest,（1） “Suspicion” means ADoubt Bidea CExample （2）The word“inspect”means Aexamine carefully Bvisit Csmell （3） “Odor” means Asound Bpicture Csmell （4） The word“discard” means AKeep Bthrow out Ccook it again （5） “Portion” here means Awhole Bpart Chalf,A,A,C,B,B,例2 The largest player-Shanghai Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices-deluxe sedans , minivans , station wagons , coaches , Santana sedans are the big favorite . 56. The words “deluxe sedans” , “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to _ . A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers,(NMET 2001),C,例3 Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon“ in the children s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed“ book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager. 62. A “pawgraphed“ book is most probably