高中英语Unit9WheelsPeriodSix课堂讲义北师大版.docx

Period SixGrammar & Writing一、现在完成进行时1结构由“have(has) been动词的现在分词”构成，表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行。We have been looking for you for an hour.我们找了你一个小时。(动作刚停止)She has been teaching English since she graduated.她毕业后一直在教英语。(动作还在继续进行)We have been going over maths these days.我们这些天一直在复习数学。(动作还在继续进行)2有时现在完成进行时不是指某动作一直在不停地进行，而是表示一直到说话为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，常带有感情色彩。Shes been saying that twenty times.那话她已经说了20遍了。He has been calling on her several times this week.他这个星期来看她好几次。Weve been having a lot of rain recently.我们这里最近雨水很多。3有时现在完成进行时表示“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，也可表示直到说话时为止的一段时间内发生的动作，这一动作到说话时已经结束，而且一般不再继续下去；这种用法主要表示某一动作所产生的结果或对现在的影响。Hes been working too hard.他工作太辛苦了。The girl has been playing with toys.那个女孩一直在玩玩具。You have been cleaning the classroom，I think.我想你刚才在打扫教室。高考链接1.用所给动词的正确形式填空1Dashan，who has been learning(learn) crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.(2016江苏)2Marty has been working(work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.(2015陕西)3Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying(try) to make our environment more beautiful.(2014湖南)4Tony，why are your eyes red?I have been cutting(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.(2014江西).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.(2014辽宁，短文改错)havehas2My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was.(2010全国I，短文改错)havehad二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时和现在完成进行时均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作，有时两者可换用。这两种时态的主要差别有两个：现在完成时现在完成进行时表示动作已完成表示动作在迄今为止的一段时间内曾经延续进行或目前仍在继续强调动作的结果强调动作持续进行的状态1.多数情况下两种时态不可换用在表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这个概念时，现在完成时多用于口语。如果侧重动作的结果，多用现在完成时；如果侧重动作的延续性或者动作仍然继续下去时，由于现在完成进行时还带有进行时的持续性、暂时性和未完成性，这时宜采用现在完成进行时，而且不能与现在完成时交换使用。I have read this book.我读过这本书。(动作已经完成)Ive been reading this book.我一直在读这本书。(动作还将继续下去)2状态动词、知觉动词或情感动词，例如：see，feel，know，love等，不可用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。不可说成：I have been knowing him for years.3某些动词，例如：learn，lie，live，rain，sit，sleep，stand，study，wait，work等本身就有持续性，故常用于带有since或for的完成进行时，以及how long开头的疑问句中。Ive been sleeping for at least 8 hours，yet I still feel tired.我已经睡了至少8个小时了，可还是觉得累。How long have you been waiting here?你在这儿等多久了。以上的两个句子也可以使用现在完成时，可以说Ive slept和have you waited。唯一的区别是，进行时形式更强调动作的持续性。注意：(1)在强调指出动作还未结束，还要进行下去时，不能用现在完成时，而要用现在完成进行时，以避免使人误认为动作已经全部完成。Ive been writing the composition for two hours，but I havent finished it yet.这篇作文我写了两个小时，但还没写完。(强调动作没有结束，还要继续写下去)I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已久的事。(2)有些动词，如live，play，rain，teach，study，wait等用于现在完成时并不表示动作已经完成，所以它们既可用于现在完成时，也可用于现在完成进行时，但如果强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩时，用现在完成进行时更好一些。We have been playing football for nearly 3 hours.我们已经踢了近三个小时的足球了。Lisa has always been studying hard.莉莎学习总是非常努力。(赞许的感情色彩)(3)现在完成进行时有时也用来表示一种从以前到现在这个阶段反复发生的事。I have always been thinking of her but I cant see her.虽然我一直在想着她，但是我不能见她。高考链接2.用所给动词的正确形式填空1I have read(read) half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.(2016北京)2In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut(cut)(2015重庆)3Where is Peter？I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing(write) his essay there ever since.(2015福建)4Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides.(2015天津)5In the last few years，China has made(make) great achievements in environmental protection.(2015北京)6How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well，the media have covered(cover) it in a variety of forms.(2014江苏)7The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody has seen(see) them since.(2014大纲全国).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国I，短文改错)删除been2Hard work have made him very ill.(2013辽宁，短文改错)havehas3I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago.(2012重庆，短文改错) aftersince4The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.(2009全国，短文改错)删除been.用所给动词的正确形式填空1You should go to bed.You have been watching(watch) TV for 5 hours.2Molly went to Japan last year.And I havent heard(not，hear) from her ever since.3I have been looking(look) for him everywhere.Where can he be?4They have been helping(help) us since five oclock this morning.5I have been working(work) in this school since I graduated from college.Now I am still working here.6Look！Somebody has cleaned(clean) the sofa.Well，it wasnt me.I didnt do it.7My sister stayed(stay) in Beijing for three months last year.8The little boy is dirty all over because he has been playing/has played(play) in the mud all the morning.9He has been reading(read) in the library since it opened this morning.10Here he is！We have been waiting(wait) anxiously for him since last night.完成句子1一周来我一直盼着你的来信。I have been looking forward to your letter for a whole week.2我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up.3只要你把所有的窗户擦完，你就可以玩了。As long as you have cleaned all the windows，you are allowed to play.4史密斯先生刚到香港。Mr.Smith has just arrived in Hong Kong.5整整一年你都在说要出国学习。You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.【文体指导】本单元讲的调查报告属于应用文的范畴，旨在将调查结果真实、详细、有条理地呈现出来。有关调查报告的英文书面表达题目多以图表作文的形式呈现。题目往往要求我们根据要求将图表信息以文字的形式呈现出来。1结构安排根据所给图表的数目及题目所要求呈现的信息的种类等确定段落结构。如“典题示例”要求对图1的信息进行描述，针对图2中的一个数据所反映的情况分析原因并发表个人看法，那么我们可以把段落确定为23个。以两段为例，第一段描述图1的信息，第二段针对图2中的一个数据进行具体分析，并发表个人看法。2开篇开篇要明确地指出所做调查的目的，这样也就明确了调查报告所要传达的是哪方面的信息。3主体段落主体段落是呈现调查信息的段落，对于图表类调查报告而言，主体段落是最终实现图文转换的段落。写主体段落时要注意以下几个方面：(1)圈定所要转换的信息时，要在题目的具体要求下提取信息，并对信息进行明确的分类。(2)重组信息时，要注意根据题目要求去确定信息表述的详略，重要的信息要明确、详细地说明；一般的了解性信息一笔带过即可。(3)对所给信息的转述要使用不同的表达方法，反映在文章中也就是要使用不同的词、词组、句型等。4末段末段通常用于对调查结果进行总结，也就是根据调查结果推出一个结论，或是针对调查结果发表个人的看法。写此段时要注意结论的客观性、看法的合理性，不可妄加评断。【常用句式】1We have made a survey about.2In order to work out/find out/.we made a survey.3The survey we made recently shows that.4It can be concluded that.5We can make a conclusion that.6In conclusion.7In my opinion.【写作任务】下面是某高中对150名高三学生睡眠时间不足及其原因所做调查的结果。请根据图1提供的信息描述高三学生的睡眠情况，并针对图2中任何一个数据所反映的情况分析原因，并提出你的看法，词数100左右。参考词汇：图表chart【审题谋篇】第一步明确要求本写作是一篇有关问题的调查报告，故以一般现在时时态为主；人称以第三人称为主；写自己看法时应该合理，合乎逻辑。第二步确定段落本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手： Para.1：首先开门见山阐述调查的目的，然后对图表1进行描述并分析原因；Para.2：简要描述图表2，分析原因，阐述自己的看法。第三步词汇热身1做调查make a survey2有足够睡眠have enough sleep3熬夜学习stay up late studying hard4感到更清醒feel more refreshed5充分利用白天时间make the best of daytime6用更有效的方式in an effective way第四步扩点成句162%的学生每天睡觉少于7小时，37%的学生能睡七到八个小时。(一般表达)Sixtytwo percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day.Thirtyseven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours.(高级表达)The result shows that sixtytwo percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day，while thirtyseven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours.2我们可以得出结论大部分高三学生睡眠不足。(一般表达)We can conclude that most of Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep.(高级表达)We can draw a conclusion that most of Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep.3从图2我们了解到大部分高三学生没有足够睡眠的原因。(一般表达)From Chart 2，we learn why most Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep.(高级表达)From Chart 2，we learn the reasons why most Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep.【连句成篇】We have made a survey recently about how much time Senior 3 students can sleep every day among 150 students in a senior high school.The result shows that sixtytwo percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day，while thirtyseven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours.However，only one percent of the students say they can sleep for over eight hours.We can draw a conclusion that most of Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep.From Chart 2，we learn the reasons why most Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep.One of the reasons is that thirtyfive percent of the students stay up late studying hard.I think it unwise to do so.We should sleep well at night and wake up feeling more refreshed.So we can make the best of daytime and study better in an effective way.【亮点点评】本文能够把握要求，对图表进行合理的描述，个人见解独到，结构合理，内容充实；正确使用了宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句等复杂的句式结构，使得文章语言更加丰富；同时while，however等过渡词的使用使得表达更加流畅。.用所给动词的正确形式填空1Those cats have been screaming(scream) for hours.2Years ago we didnt know this，but recent science has shown (show) that people who dont sleep well get ill easily.3The dollar has been climbing(climb) steadily all week.4The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power has been increased(increase) enormously ever since.5I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?Sorry, I havent played (not，play) the piano for years.6She is very tired.She has been working(work) all morning.7Do you regret not having gone abroad?Not at all.I havent earned (not，earn) much，but Im glad to contribute to our motherland.8The tobacco industry has been trying(try) to improve its image.9It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating(cheat) the company.10The group has been living(live) in a remote corner of the Cambodian jungle.阅读理解Can you imagine what things will be like 50 years from now? Youll get up in the morning and brush your teeth in front of the bathroom mirror just like today.But one thing will be different：besides showing your image，the mirror might also show news，traffic，videos and weather information.When you are ready to go to work，your smart car will drive you to your office.It knows the best route to take to avoid traffic.You will be able to check your emails on the dashboard(仪表盘)Every car will even be able to “talk” to others to avoid accidents.The scenes above arent just fantasies.They are the latest concepts and inventions presented at last months Mobile World Congress，a yearly trade show held in Barcelona，Spain.At the show，people were able to experience new technologies and mobile devices(装置) that are highly likely to enter their daily lives in the near future.For example，a new fitting room was introduced that lets you try on clothes virtually.It has 360degree mirrors that create a 3D image of you in the clothes，and this image can be sent to your phone for you to decide later which items to buy.On the street，photos of products were placed on posters with NFC tags(标签)a special code(编码) a bit like a 2D bar code.You could hold your phone up to the tags to add those items to your shopping basket online，pay for them with your phone and have them sent to your home.As The Guardian noted，the Mobile World Congress shows how electronic devices are becoming smarter by the day.Soon，you might find yourself asking your washing machine，“How are you getting on？” To which it will reply，“Almost there，sir; Ill be done in 15 minutes.”11What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs?ATo describe some scenes from a science fiction movie.BTo show what life will be like in 50 years.CTo introduce a trade show about new technologies.DTo get us to think about how technology has changed our life.答案B解析细节理解题。本文开篇即点题“Can you imagine what things will be like 50 years from now？”可知，作者是在向我们展示50年后的生活可能的样子。故选B。12We can learn from the text that in the future .Amirrors will be able to show your work plansBcars will be able to drive themselvesCpeople will no longer go to storesDclothes will be able to change their sizes答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But one thing will be different：besides showing your image，the mirror might also show news，traffic，videos and weather information.”可推知A项正确。13Which of the following best describes the authors attitude in the last paragraph?AConfident. BDoubtful.CShocked. DCritical(批判的)答案B解析推理判断题。根据本文的最后一段作者开玩笑的口吻可知，作者对此持怀疑态度。故选B。.七选五My best friend Eva and I are different in many ways，but we have one important thing in commonwe love to travel.Whenever I want to visit a new place，I can always invite Eva to go with me. 14 15 Eva is an artist who loves to take photographs and draw pictures of the interesting things she sees.I am a sales manager and spend most of my time calculating numbers.Eva is a very impulsive(冲动的) person，but Im very organized.Shes very quiet，but Im a very talkative person.Eva and I both love traveling. 16 One day we were talking about vacations and we found we had both visited many of the same places.We immediately made a plan to go to a nearby historical city the following weekend.Although we are quite different in many ways，Eva and I have become close over the years. 17 Every time we get together，we always have so much to talk about and have the best time. 18 The other reason is that our differences complement(补充) each other，so we always get along well whenever we travel together.AWe always have different opinions.BNow we have a very special and deep friendship.CThe differences between Eva and me are easy to see.DWe soon forgot our differences and were friends again.EWe discovered this shortly after we met several years ago.FOne reason for this is that we share a love of travel and new things.GOur friendship shows that people who are very different can still have similar interests.答案14.G15C16.E17.B18.F.语法填空Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day,19.wearing(wear) sun glasses.He walked in as if he 20.had bought(buy) the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt 21.pleased(please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her，it was probably the fact that she sat in 22.the last row.23If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back，he was wrong.It might have made it a little 24.harder(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around，but that didnt stop the kids in the