《商务英语教程》PPT课件.ppt

Unit 18,Objective,8 Notes To Passage A, Activities On Passage A, Basic E-commerce Writing,& Related Reading,Unit 18,8 Notes To Passage B, Activities On Passage B,: Work online,Unit 18,Objective: In this unit, you will learn: C Why the government should deliver their services directly to the public C long term consequences of the evolution C the relationship between governments and citizens in the long term C Basic E-commerce English Writing Focus: understand G to C E-government Nodus: key to boost private investment,学 习 目 标,1) Ministries that deal directly with the citizenry are subject to scrutiny and, most importantly, to be effective in delivering their service, have to take into account the needs of the citizen.,Passage A,与公民直接交往的部门要接受仔细审查，尤为重要的是，要做到有效地提供服务，就必须考虑公民的各种要求。,4注解：此句为并列复合句。that deal directly with the citizenry是定语从句修饰主语Ministries；表语subject to scrutiny；不定式to be effective in delivering their service是第二分句的目的状语，由于主语和第一分句相同，故被省略；以下是subject做形容词的例子，仅供参考： a subject state 附属国 subject to the law of the land 受国家法律的管辖的 be subject to taxation 应纳税 be subject to damage 易受损伤 Subject to your consent, I will try again. 你要是同意, 我再试一试。 The treaty is subject to ratification. 此条约经批准后才能生效。 The prices are subject to change. 价格可能有变动；,2) The direct connection between a government department and citizens, whether it be in the private sector, the academic world, civil society or NGOs, unions or associations and the individual citizen, eventually creates significant change in a society.,政府部门与公民之间的直接联系, 这种直接联系无论是在私营部门、学术界、民间团体或是非政府组织、工会还是协会，公民个人,最终将使社会产生巨大的变革。,4注解：让步状语从句whether it be in the private sector使用的是虚拟语气；NGOs是Non-government Organizations的缩写形式.。,3) This evolution is having long-term consequences as devolved power through the sharing of e-services entails the imparting of information and responses back from the citizen.,这种变化具有深远的影响,因为通过分享的电子信息服务而转移的权力, 既需要传递信息，又需要来自公民的反馈信息。,End,4注解：该句中as引导的从句是原因状语。, Activities On Passage A,How can government ministries benefit most from citizens?,18.3.1 Critical thinking,2) What will they get if the government is transparent and open in their dealings with the public?,3) Why does this process help the ministry to create better programs to deliver their services and leads to economic savings?,4) Why is this evolution having long term consequences?,5) Who will have the most benefits in the long term?, Activities On Passage A,18.3.2.1 Give the Chinese equivalents of the following words or expressions:,18.3.2 Translation practice,1) transparent and open 2) economic savings 3) a particular government ministry 4) in turn 5) the academic world 6) NGOs 7) the traditional powers 8) a significant part 9) in the short term 10) economic and administrative benefits,透明与公开,经济节约,特别的政府部门,反过来,学术界,非政府组织,传统势力,重要部分,就眼前来说,经济与行政利益, Activities On Passage A,18.3.2.2 Give the English equivalents of the following words or expressions:,18.3.2 Translation practice,1) 市民的需求 2) 适当的信息反馈 3) 直接与市民交往 4) 重大变革 5) 公民个人 6） 权力结构 7） 决策过程 8） 电子信息服务 9） 民间团体 10）深远的影响,the needs of the citizen,proper feedback,deal directly with the citizenry,significant change,the individual citizen,the power structure,decision-making process,e-services,civil society,long term consequences, Activities On Passage A,18.3.2.3 Sentence translation from English to Chinese:,18.3.2 Translation practice,1) Any ministry that delivers services directly to the public benefits the most.,凡是能将服务直接提供给公众的部门就能得到最大的利益。,2) If the government is transparent and open in their dealings with the public, they will get proper feedback from citizens, which in turn increases efficiencies within their own ministries.,如果政府在与公众交往时能透明公开，就会得到公民们适当的信息反馈，这样反过来就会使他们提高部门工作效率。,3) To be effective in delivering an e-service it has to meet the needs of the citizen and not solely the needs of a particular government ministry.,要想在提供电子信息服务方面卓有成效，就必须满足公民的需求，而不仅仅是满足某一特殊政府部门的需求。, Activities On Passage A,18.3.2 Translation practice,4) This change is the transfer of some of the traditional powers of government to groups and citizens in society.,这种变革就是要将传统的政府权利转移给社会群体和公民。,5) There are economic and administrative benefits for the government ministry involved, in the short term, but in the long term it is the citizen who will have the most benefits.,就眼前来说，政府有关部门会获得一些经济和行政利益，但从长远观点来看，最受惠的还是公民。, Activities On Passage A,18.3.2.4 Sentence translation from Chinese to English,18.3.2 Translation practice,1)任何政府部门，只要是直接服务公众的，就会获得最大的利益。（benefit）,Any ministry that delivers services directly to the public benefits the most .,2)政府必须慎重考虑公民对电子服务的各种需求。(take into account),The government must take into account the needs of the citizen carefully.,3) 民间团体也应得到公正的对待。(deal with),The civil societies should also be dealt with fairly., Activities On Passage A,18.3.2 Translation practice,4)电子政府的优势已得到许多国家的认可。（acknowledge）,The advantages of e-government have already been acknowledged by many countries.,End,5)编写一部电子商务书需要大量的工作。(entail),Writing a book on e-commerce entails a lot of work.,E-Government Boost Private Investment,1) That surprised everyone except the citizens。,Passage B,8 Notes To Passage B,那使得除公民之外的所有的人吃惊不已。,4注解：主语that指前面所说的调查结果。,2) Without democratic intent and political desire to use e-government tools to enhance democracy and public trust in government via transparency, government as a whole will not benefit.,如果没有民主意向, 政治意愿去利用电子政务工具，通过透明施政，加强民主大众对政府的信任，那么整个政府将一无所获。,4注解：Without引导的介词短语用作含蓄（真实）条件状语。,Passage B,8 Notes To Passage B,3) Poland stands out as a model with its Freedom of Information Act which embedded the energetical use of the Internet into their rule of law with online information dissemination of, not just access to, local government budget information.,波兰就是一个突出的范例，波兰具有信息自由法案,该法案将互联网的积极应用深深地纳入其法治，其地方政府预算资料不仅可以在线获得，而且可以在线进行信息传播。.,4注解：动词短语stand out as意为“是一个杰出的”；介词短语with its Freedom of Information Act是定语修饰a model；which引导的是定语从句，修饰Freedom of Information Act,E-government Programs To Be Successful,Passage B,8 Notes To Passage B,4) Given the appropriate context, all sectors of government would benefit in terms of transparency from the implementation of e-government tools.,如果有合适的环境，政府各部门都可以从推行电子政务的透明度中获益。,4注解：Given在此处应为介词，意思是“如果有，假定是，考虑到，设想到”，但也可以将Given the appropriate context看成是过去分词短语作状语表条件；介词短语in terms of此处相当于by means of。,End,E-government Programs To Be Successful,18.6.1 Tell whether the following statements are (T) or false (F),18.6 Activities, Activities On Passage B,F,T,F,T,F,18.6.2 Match the English on the right with Chinese on the left,18.6 Activities, Activities On Passage B,End,Common Errors in E-commerce Writing,电子商务英语写作常见误译）, Basic E-commerce Writing,在商务英语写作中有些使用频繁较高的词汇很容易被误译，原因是商务英语中相同的单词在不同情况下具有不同的含义。现将从互联网获取的部分典型词例罗列如下：,1.floating,Floating policy is of great importance for export trade; it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g. where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad.,It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.,译文：在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。,译文：统保单对出口贸易至关重要。它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的办法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物，如，当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货，或在国外委任了销售代表，设立分支机构时用之。,注解：floating 在上述两个句中的意思完全不一样，floating exchange rate 意为“浮动汇率”，即可自由浮动，完全受市场力量决定的汇率制度。而 floating policy 则指用以承保多批次货运的一种持续性长期保险凭证，常译为“统保单”。,Common Errors in E-commerce Writing,电子商务英语写作常见误译）, Basic E-commerce Writing,2.confirm, Payment will be made by 100% confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit available by sight draft。,Wed like to inform you that our counter sample will be sent to you by DHL by the end of this week and please confirm it ASAP so that we can start our mass production.,译文：很高兴通知您，我们的回样将于本周末用特快专递给您，请尽快确认，以便我们开始大批生产。,译文：付款方式为 1O0% 即期，保兑，不可撤消信用证。,注解：confirmed 一词在这两句话的意思也不一样。在第一个句子中，confirm 的意思是“确认”。在第二个句子中，confirmed L/C 应翻译为“保兑信用证”，即指一家银行所开的由另一家银行保证兑付的一种银行信用证。,Common Errors in E-commerce Writing,电子商务英语写作常见误译）, Basic E-commerce Writing,3. negotiable,This Bill of Lading is issued in a negotiable form, so it shall constitute title to the goods and the holder, by endorsement of this B/L.,Part time barman requiredHours and salary negotiable.,译文：招聘兼职酒店保安，工作时间和薪水面议。,译文：所签发的提单可为转让的，故只要在提单上背书, 便确定了货物和持票人的所有权。,注解：在第一句话中，negotiable 的意思是“可商议的”，在第二句话中的意思则是“可转让的”，“可转让提单”经过背书后即可将所有权转让给他人，值得注意的是，negotiating bank 则是议付银行，即购买或贴现汇票的银行。,Common Errors in E-commerce Writing,电子商务英语写作常见误译）, Basic E-commerce Writing,4. discount,If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptanceThe seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draftThe bank is said to discount the draft.,You may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis.,译文：如果你方定期给我方下定单，你方便可得到 5% 的折扣。,译文：如卖方开出的是远期汇票，以此向买方提供信用，此时就做了一笔商业汇票承兑业务，卖方可以请银行买下商业承兑汇票，银行用这个办法对出口商融资，也就是说，银行对该汇票贴现了。,注解：discount 在这两句话中的意思一个是折扣，另一个是贴现。折扣是指商品在原价的基础上按百分比降价，贴现则是指未到期的票据向银行融资，银行扣取自买进日至到期日的利息，并收取一定的手续费后，将余下的票面金额付给持票人。,Common Errors in E-commerce Writing,电子商务英语写作常见误译）, Basic E-commerce Writing,5. endorse,Draft must be accompanied by full set original on board marine Bill off Lading made out to order，endorsed in blank，marked freight prepaid.,Our products have been endorsed by the National Quality Inspection Association.,译文：我们的产品为全国质量检查协会的推荐产品。,译文：汇票必须附有全套印有“货物收讫”字样的正本海运提单，凭指示、空白背书，并写明“运费已付”。,注解：在第一个句子中，“推荐”是指用过某种产品后感到满意，并通过媒体介绍给公众。而第二句中的“空白背书明是指背书人 (endorser) 只在票据背面签上自己的名字，而不注明特定的被背书人 (endorsee)。,Common Errors in E-commerce Writing,电子商务英语写作常见误译）, Basic E-commerce Writing,6. average,Its obvious that the products are below the average quality.,If a particular cargo Is partially damaged，the damage is called particular average.,译文：如果某批货是部分受损，我们称之为“单独海损”。,译文：很明显，这批产品的品质是中下水平。,注解：在第一个句子中，particular average 的意思是“单独海损”，是指在保险业中由于海上事故所导致的部分损失， 因此 average 一词的意思是损失或损坏，而第二句中的 average 为“平均”之意。,Common Errors in E-commerce Writing,电子商务英语写作常见误译）, Basic E-commerce Writing,7. tender,He became as exhilarated as if his tender for building a mansion had been accepted.,Under CIF, it is the sellers obligation to tender the relative documents to the buyer to enable him to obtain delivery of the goods. If they arrive, or to recover for the loss, if they are lost on the voyage.,译文：在 CIF 价格术语项下，卖方的责任是向买方递交有关单证，使其能在货物到达后提取货物；如果货物运输途中丢失了，买方也可凭单证去获取补偿。,译文：他欣喜若狂，好像他承办大厦建筑的投标被接受了。,注解：商务英语中的重要条款用词非常正规，在第一句话中，tender 是用作动词，相当于 give。而在第二句中，tender 用作名词，意为“投标”。,End,Prepare For a Job Interview,If you want the job, chances are so do about a million other eager people, so your application has to stand out from the crowd. British CVs are usually dull and boring, and people create them as historical documents, rather than as marketing tools. You can boost your chances of getting an interview by making your CV look and sound special.,& Related Reading,Job Guidelines,Use good paper, design a personal logo, and fiddle with the layout to make it easy on the eyes. Edit it ruthlessly. People always put in too much detail. Highlight the bits that relate to the job youre going for. They dont need to know you went to St Marys School when you were 12! Put who you are now at the beginning of your CV, and leave education and qualifications for the end.,& Related Reading,If you dont have what you think are the right educational qualifications, dont worry. Just leave them off. If you include enough interesting and intriguing material about who you are now, what you didnt do is far less important.,Job Guidelines,Prepare For a Job Interview,A short paragraph is recommended at the beginning that says something about your personal qualities and your business skills. A short statement about what youre seeking can also go down a treat.,As we know, a job for life is so rare nowadays, that eclectic, unusual and even inconsistent CVs are OK as long as theyre presented well. Even if you think your current job stinks, look at the good points as though you were looking at it from the outside in. Most jobs appear much better from the outside than they do from the inside (only you know the real truth); so pump up the goodies and soft-pedal the baddies!,& Related Reading,Heres the key and the most important thing to remember when preparing for interview:,Before you go through the door, tell yourself that unless they are simply going through the motions because theyve already appointed someone, they want it to be you.,Job Guidelines,Prepare For a Job Interview,Having said that, first impressions are incredibly important. Be yourself right from the start, turning up the volume on those bits of you that most match the job; turning down the volume on the bits that dont. However, never ever shut the volume off entirely, as you will then be pretending to be someone youre not - a sure recipe for disaster.,Not a good idea to lie! You can be judicious with the truth, but lies have a tendency to return and bite you in the bum! Even if they dont know y