2019高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练Unit1Greatscientists课时作业（二）（含解析）.docx

Section The Language Points of Reading课时作业(二)对应学生用书P5基础题.单词拼写1It is Mary rather than you who is to b_ for the accident.答案：blame22017全国卷But at the moment, school comes first. I dont want to get too a_ in modeling.答案：absorbed3Has the government a_ that they will build a new highway to the mountain?答案：announced4If a doctor c_ someones illness, he makes the person well again.答案：cures5Wed better not p_ the air by driving cars.答案：pollute62017江苏高考Only five years after Steve Jobs death, smartphones _ (打败) PCs in sales.答案：defeated72017全国卷Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the _ (挑战) of her new Alevel course.答案：challenge8You have _(暴露) the soldiers to risks in fact.答案：exposed9There was no one to _ (照顾) him but Tina.答案：attend10The _(嫌疑人) is being kept under observation.答案：suspect.选词填空be exposed to; link . to .; be absorbed in; put forward; look into; every time; so that; know about; draw a conclusion; neither . nor .1Heart disease can be _ smoking.答案：linked to2We will have a further discussion before we _.答案：draw a conclusion3The cat was _ in the room _ on the roof.答案：neither; nor4Those who _ the deadly virus were separated and treated without delay.答案：were exposed to5We must study harder _ we could realize our dreams earlier.答案：so that6_ I catch a cold, I have pains in my back.答案：Every time7Since everybody _ it, I dont want to talk any more.答案：knows about8I wrote a letter of complaint, and the company has promised to _ the matter.答案：look into9He _ his proposal at the meeting the day before yesterday.答案：put forward10She _ so _ the book that she didnt realize it had been 12 oclock.答案：was; absorbed in.单句语法填空12017北京高考The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.答案：that设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词The little problems并在从句中作动词meet的宾语，且先行词前有不定代词little修饰，所以应用关系代词that引导该从句。22016江苏高考Many young people, most of _ were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.答案：whom句意：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。此处为“限定词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词为young people，指人，故答案为whom。3Neither he nor I _ going to the teachers office after class.答案：amneither . nor . “既不也不”，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。故空格处所填谓语动词应与I保持一致，且根据after class可知用一般将来时。4So absorbed _ he in his work that he didnt notice that it was raining hard.答案：wasbe absorbed in “沉迷于，专心于”；当“so形容词”位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序，再结合didnt notice可知空处应填was。5To everyones surprise, the home team _ (defeat) by three goals to one.答案：was defeated句意：令每个人惊讶的是，主队以31被击败了。由句意可知，此句用被动语态。“被击败”是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。6Dont always blame your own failure _ others. You should take the blame _ it.答案：on; forblame sth. on sb. “把某事归咎于某人”；take the blame for sth. “承担某事的责任”。7I cant focus on my study with so much noise _(go) on.答案：goingwith的复合结构中，noise与go on之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，二者是主动含义，故用现在分词形式作宾补。8It is known to us that _(pollute) water is harmful to peoples health.答案：pollutedwater与pollute之间为被动关系，故应填polluted作定语，表示“被污染的水”。9Every _ I was in trouble, he would come to help me.答案：time句意：每当我处于困境时，他就会来帮助我。every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”。10The doctor who _ (cure) him of his illness was very experienced.答案：cured句意：治好他的病的那位医生非常有经验。由was可知应用一般过去时。.完成句子1It _ his wife _.似乎他的妻子应该对那件事负责任。答案：seemed/seems that; was/is to blame for that matter2I find it difficult to _ on this.我觉得此事难下结论。答案：draw a conclusion3Jane, dont _ your skin _ the sun.简，不要把皮肤暴露在阳光下。答案：expose; to4What she said sounded convincing, but I _.她的话听起来让人信服，但我对此表示怀疑。答案：suspected it5It may not be a great suggestion. But before a better one _， well make do with it.这可能不是一个好建议。但是在提出更好的建议前，我们勉强用这个吧。答案：is put forward能力题.阅读理解AA list of Benjamin Franklins inventions reveals a man of many talents and interests. His natural curiosity about things and the way they work made him try to find ways to make them work better.Ben had poor vision and needed glasses to read. He got tired of constantly taking them off and putting them back on, so he decided to figure out how his glasses would let him see both near and far. He had two pairs of glasses cut in half and put half of each lens (镜片) in a single frame. Today, we call them bifocals (双光眼镜)Everyone knows the story of Bens famous kite flight. Although he made important discoveries and advancements, Ben did not “invent” the electricity. He did, however, invent the lightning rod which protects buildings and ships from lightning.In colonial America, most people warmed their homes by building a fire in a fireplace even though it was dangerous and used a lot of wood. Ben figured that there had to be a better way. His invention of an iron furnace stove allowed people to warm their homes less dangerously and with less wood. The furnace stove that he invented is called the Franklin Stove. Interestingly enough, Ben also established the first fire company and the first fire insurance company in order to help people live more safely.As a postmaster, Ben had to figure out routes for delivering the mail. He went out riding in his carriage to measure the routes and needed a way to keep track of the distance. He invented a simple odometer (里程表) and attached it to his carriage.Later, other famous inventors, like Thomas A. Edison and Alexander Graham Bell, followed in Bens footsteps by trying to find ways to help people live better.1How many things invented by Benjamin Franklin are mentioned in the passage?A3. B4.C5. D6.答案：B细节理解题。文章第二、三、四、五段分别提到本杰明富兰克林的发明有：双光眼镜、避雷针、铁皮炉子和里程表，共四种。2Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? AFranklin invented the bifocals because of his poor vision. BFranklin invented the odometer to make his riding easier. CFranklin first invented the electricity and then the lightning rod. DFranklin invented the odometer when he worked in a post office.答案：D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的叙述可知，富兰克林在邮政局工作时，发明了一个简单的里程表，并把它装在了他的马车上。故D项正确。3What characteristic did Franklin, Edison and Bell have in common?AThey had a strong desire to make life better.BThey were excellent students at school.CThey were born in the same age.DThey made peoples life simple.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“by trying to find ways to help people live better”可推知，这些科学家们都有使人们的生活更加美好的强烈愿望。故A项正确。4What would be the best title for this passage?AThe life of Benjamin FranklinBBenjamin Franklin, a great inventorCA man of many talents and interestsDHow to help people live better答案：B标题判断题。全文讲述了本杰明富兰克林从生活的实际出发，发明了一系列有利于自己、有利于他人的实用物品，故B项概括了全文的主旨，适合作标题。BAlbert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He was generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. Whats more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1934, Einstein, who loved peaceafraid of a world in which only Hitler would have an atomic bomb (原子弹)tried hard to persuade President Franklin DRoosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium (铀) research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.Although he wasnt connected with any accepted religion (宗教), Einstein felt that trusting in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”5From the passage we know that _.Ano scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this centuryBAlbert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his timeCAlbert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United StatesDAlbert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons答案：B细节理解题。从第一段第一句及第三句可知答案为B。6If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would _.Ahave continued his scientific researchBhave won another Nobel Prize for PhysicsCnot have advised starting uranium research in the USADnot have moved to the USA答案：C推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句和文章中提到的信息：爱因斯坦是热爱和平、反对战争的，可推知，如果能料到的话，他就不会建议美国进行铀的研究了。故选C。7According to the passage, Einstein _ in 1933.Avisited England and the USABadvised the United States to start uranium researchCbecame a man without citizenshipDboth A and C答案：D细节理解题。从第二段第一句可知A项和C项表述的内容都正确。故选D。8Einstein believed that everything in the universe _.Awas kept in order by its own lawBhad nothing to do with each otherChappened in an irregular wayDwas made by the personal God答案：A细节理解题。从最后一段第一句中的“but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder”和第二句可知，他认为宇宙万物都有自己的运行规律和秩序。故答案为A。.短文改错Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and endless homeworks. However, some interested activities indeed contribute to reduce the pressure. Last week the entertainment department of our Student Union organized the activity in which each c