（江苏专用）2019年高中英语Unit1BuildingthefutureSectionⅣGrammar.docx

Section Grammar & Writing关联词语一篇好文章除了要求覆盖所有的要点，应用较多的语法结构和词汇以外，还必须有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯，条理清楚。要使句子与句子之间的意思互相连接，就需要有关联词语。没有关联词语，读者就很容易被弄糊涂。这些关联词语帮助读者推断出文章中接下来将发生什么。以下是句子之间常见的几类关联词：一、Time sequence words 表示先后次序关系的词语用来列举事件以及人的行为或观点发生、发展的次序。这一类常见的连接词有： firstly, secondly, finally, in the end, previously, next, at last, eventually, to begin with, to start with, first of all, to end with, afterwards等。I found it tiring to begin with but I soon got used to it.我起初觉得很累，但不久便适应了。考题印证1(2011浙江高考)Ive been writing this report_ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.AfinallyBimmediatelyCoccasionally Dcertainly解析：选C。考查副词辨析。根据语意“这两个星期来我偶尔写写这个报告，但明天必须上交”可知， occasionally表示“偶尔，有时候”，符合语境。finally表示“最后”；immediately表示“立刻，马上”；certainly表示“确定，肯定”。二、Cause and effect words 表示因果关系的词语用来表达事情发生的起因与结果。这一类常见的连接词有：for one thing, therefore, so, as a result, owing to, due to, in that, now that, on account of, thus, as a consequence, consequently等。For one thing, the coat fits me well; for another, it doesnt cost much.一方面，这件外套我穿很合身，另外，它的价格也不贵。As a result, he won the first prize in the English speech contest.结果，他获得了英语演讲比赛的一等奖。考题印证2(2012重庆高考)Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.Auntil BbeforeCas Dunless解析：选C。考查连词的用法。根据句意“教练，我可以继续训练吗？”“很抱歉，不可以，因为你的膝盖受伤还没有恢复过来”可知，此处应用引导原因状语从句的连接词as。故选C项。三、Contrasting words 表示对比关系的词语用于连接句子或成分与前文内容形成对比。这一类常见的连接词有：however, in contrast, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, in comparison with, compared with, rather than等。He didnt reply. Instead, he turned on his heel and left the room.他没有回答，反而转身离开了房间。考题印证331(2012安徽高考)Queen Elizabeth is often thought to be the richest woman in the world._， her personal wealth seems rather small.ABesides BOtherwiseCHowever DAltogether解析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意：女王伊丽莎白二世常被认为是世界上最富有的女性。然而，她的个人财富看起来相当少。besides“除此之外，而且”；otherwise“否则”；however“然而，不过”；altogether“总而言之”。根据句意可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，故选C。32(2012江西高考)He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself in Paris._， he had a wonderful time.AAbove all BWhats moreCAs a result DOn the contrary解析：选D。考查关联词辨析。从前后不一致的说法可以得知中间用表示相反意思的关联词。A项表示“最重要的是”；B项表示“而且”；C项表示“结果”；D项表示“正相反”。四、Additional words 表示递进关系的词语常用来介绍一些补充性的信息，或表达语意的递进。这一类常见的连接词有：also, on top of, above all, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally等。I dont really want to go. Besides, its too late now.我并不真的想去。而且现在太晚了。考题印证4(2012湖南高考)Bicycling is good exercise；_， it does not pollute the air.Anevertheless BbesidesCotherwise Dtherefore解析：选B。考查副词辨析。句意：骑自行车是很好的锻炼方式，而且它不会污染环境。由句意可知选besides，意为“而且”；nevertheless“然而”；otherwise“否则”；therefore“因此”。五、Conclusive words 表示总结归纳的词语用来对前文进行概括或总结。这一类常见的连接词有：in a word; in short; generally speaking; in ones opinion; to summarize等。Inflation is down, spending is up. In short, the economy is in good shape.通货膨胀有所下降，消费则在上涨。总而言之，经济形势不错。除了以上列举的这些连接词以外，英语中还有许多各式各样的连接词。它们的出现使得原本显得孤立的句子形成语意丰富的篇章。在平时的学习中留意并积累一些这样的连接词无疑会有助于我们口语与书面表达的连贯。.用所给的单词或短语填空With the development of communication technology, telephone has become much more popular than letters. 1._， writing letters is still some peoples favorite. 2._， when people write to each other, they can express their friendship with emotion. 3._， people can keep the letters they have received for a long time. 4._， the letters can remind them of the old days as well as the old friends many years 5._. 6._， writing letters can help us improve our writing ability 7._ we may practice writing by writing to each other.8_， making a phone call is much more convenient and rapid, 9._ if there is something urgent, the best way is certainly making a phone call rather than writing a letter and 10._ posting it.答案：1.However2.First3.Second4.Third5.later6.Last7.and8.Of course9.so10.then.单项填空1(2012四川高考)At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.Awhile BalthoughCso Das解析：选A。考查并列连词。句意：在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的对比。2(2011辽宁高考)Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open.Aor BandCbut Dfor解析：选B。考查连词。句意：将花放到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。根据句意可知此处表示顺承关系，故用and连接。注意此句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型。3(2011全国卷)Someone wants you on the phone. _nobody knows I am here. AAlthough BAndCBut DSo解析：选C。考查连词辨析。 句意：“有人打电话找你。”“但是没有人知道我在这里呀。” 因此空白处填But, 表转折关系。4(2011江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big._， Id grown fond of our little rented house.ABesides BThereforeCSomehow DOtherwise解析：选A。句意：考查副词辨析。这房子太贵且太大，此外，我已渐渐爱上了我们租来的小屋。therefore“因此”；somehow“不知怎的”； otherwise“否则”，均不合逻辑。 5The company is planning to reduce the number of employees and _ to cut cost.Ahowever BthoughCso Dthus解析：选D。考查副词辨析。句意：公司正打算裁员，以这种方式减少开支。thus“以此种方式”；however“然而”；though“然而，不过”；so“这么，如此”。6(2011天津高考)The young man couldnt afford a new car._， he bought a used one.ABesides BOtherwiseCInstead DStill解析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意：这个年轻人买不起新车。他买了一辆二手车以代之。C项表示“代替，相反”，符合句意。7The artist was born poor, _ poor he remained all his life.Aand BorCbut Dso解析：选A。句意：这个艺术家出身贫穷，他的一生都和贫穷相伴。前后表示并列关系，故选择A。8Driving on the snowy and icy road can be very dangerous, _ you cant be too careful.Aand BbutCso Dor解析：选C。句意：在积雪冰封的路面上行驶是很危险的，所以你怎么小心也不为过。否定词too/enough结构表示“再也不过分”或“越越好”。前后分句间为因果关系，故选C项。9Honestly speaking, Damon is a generous man, _ sometimes he can be very mean.Aor BandCso Dbut解析：选D。句意：说实话，Damon是一个大方的人，但是有时他也很小气。前后分句之间为转折关系，故选D项。10It has been said that Mona Lisas smile was so pleasing that it seemed holy _ human, and those who saw it were amazed to find that it was as alive as the original.Arather than Bother thanCor rather Dmore than解析：选A。考查介词短语辨析。rather than“而不是”；other than“除之外”；or rather“更确切地说”；more than“多于，不仅仅”。句意：蒙娜丽莎的微笑是那么令人愉悦，它似乎是神的而不是人的笑容。说明文联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员，请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：(1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。(2)变化：过去很穷，1978年以后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。(3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村里所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。注意：(1)要点齐全，前后连贯。(2)词数：120左右。Ladies and gentlemen，Welcome to our village! As a receptionist, it is a great honor for me to introduce the village to you. This village is a small one with (which has) nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. People here live a much better life than before. Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very small and most children couldnt afford to go to school. But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful building in the village. All the schoolage children can study here. Whats more, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy your stay here! /May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you.本篇发言稿属说明文，结构分明，语句通顺，行文连贯，表达清楚。第一段：包括礼节性语言以及对村庄大小及变化的描述。第二段：介绍教育的变化。第三段：表达祝愿，并表示感谢。1本文第、句分别使用了receptionist, take on, afford, enjoy free education等高级词汇，丰富了文章的语言。2本文第、句分别使用了however, now, but, whats more等过渡词，使文章衔接自然。3此外，本文第句使用了形式主语it；第句使用了比较级；第句使用了定语从句。句式灵活多样也是本文一大亮点。如何写说明文说明文的主要特点是清晰，文章结构多采用“主题主体结语”的形式。1主题对要说明的人物或事物简要介绍。2主体按照题目提供的信息分层次，按一定顺序进行说明，注意要做到条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确，一目了然。3结语客观收尾，表示说明到此为止。4基本时态是一般现在时，为强调客观性，语言表述多用客观性动词，如seem, there be, may be等，多用被动语态，多用书面语、长句、复合句。现在，电动车越来越受到大众的欢迎，大街上随处可见人们骑着电动车，电动车越来越多地取代了传统的交通工具自行车。请根据下表，比较电动车与自行车各自的优点和缺点，并结合你自己的看法，写一篇英语短文。优点缺点自行车便宜；环保速度慢电动车速度快价格高要求：1.文章连贯通顺；2词数不少于120。文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：电动车electric vehiclesIt is known to all that electric vehicles and bicycles are very important for us in our life._参考范文It is known to all that electric vehicles and bicycles are very important for us in our life. However, nowadays electric vehicles are becoming more and more popular with common people, and we can see people riding electric vehicles here and ther