《非谓语动词系列复》PPT课件.ppt

非谓语动词系列复习,-过去分词,过去分词做定语和表语 一、过去分词做定语 1.过去分词作定语时的意义： 不及物动词的过去分词做定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词做定语表示被动意义或完成的被动动作,(1)只表示完成不表示被动 fallen leaves the risen sun a retired teacher (2)表示被动 an honored guest a guided trip (3)表示被动或完成 the broken glass the question discussed yesterday a divided country,2.过去分词做定语时的位置： (1)前置定语：单个的过去分词做定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。 The broken vase has been thrown outside. The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. (2)后置定语：过去分词短语做定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句,The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted. This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written). 有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独做定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如：left, given, concered(有关的) There is little time left. Lets hurry up. 过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后 He is one of those invited.,有些过去分词作定语，前置或后置意义不同 This is a used car.(旧车) The method used is very efficient.(所用的) 过去分词可作非限定性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。 A girl, dressed like a student, came in and sat beside me.,3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别： (1)过去分词与修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，表示一个已经完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓关系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。 This is a letter written in black ink. There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet.,(2)过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或相关的人的自身感受，现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物对别人造成的感受。 Have you noticed the surprised expression on his face? What came to us was surprising news.,二、过去分词作表语 1.过去分词可放在系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的态。 He seemed quite delighted at the news. The door remained locked. 2.过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受、感觉或事 物自身的状态；现在分词作表语则多表示事物具体 的特性，常译作“令人的” He became discouraged. The situation proves encouraging.,英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物； 其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 exciting / excited; delighting / delighted encouraging / encouraged interesting / interested pleasing / pleased ; puzzling / puzzled tiring / tired ; satisfying / satisfied,astonishing / astonished disappointing / disappointed frightening / frightened moving / moved shocking / shocked worrying / worried discouraging / diacouraged The story they heared over the radio was very moving.,She was moved by his speech. The chairman announced the exciting news in an excited voice. Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face. 3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 “be+过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。,The book is well written. The book was written by a soldier. 考点点击 高频考点一：过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语的区别 1. Mrs White showed her students some old maps_from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing,2. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 高频考点二：过去分词和现在分词作表语的区别 3. In April, thousands of holiday makers remained_abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck,4. Ladies and gentlemen, please reamin _until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat,过去分词做宾语补足语 过去分词做宾补时，（此时的过去分词一 般是及物动词）表示被动意义或完成意义， 有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾 语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词 动作的承受者。,一、常见的过去分词作宾补的情况有： 1.感官动词see,hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等词后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car. When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 2. 表示“愿意；命令”的动词，如，like, want, wish, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be,The father wants his daughter taught the piano. The students wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment. 3. 使役动词have, get, make,leave,keep等词后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. They kept the door locked for a long time.,点津 “使役动词 have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的几种含义： (1)请别人做某事 He wants to have his syes examined tomorrow. (2)遭遇到某种不幸的事情 While they were on holiday, they had their car broken into.,(3)使完成某事（事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成） He had the walls painted this morning. 4. 过去分词用在“will + 宾语 + 宾补”结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. She usually works in her study with the door locked,点津 The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her. With so many books to read, I have no time to chat with you. 在这一结构中，当介词的宾语和后面的动词构成主谓关系时，则用现在分词作宾语补足语；若侧重表示将来的动作，则用不定式作宾语补足语,二、过去分词作宾语补足语与其他非谓语动词作宾补的区别 1.及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，表被动，说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者；不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，表动作的完成，说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 We have our classroom cleaned after school every day. When I got home, I found my wallet gone.,2. 用现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成主谓关系。 When I came here, I saw Li Lei reading an English book. 3. 不定式作宾补时，一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，但动词feel, see, hear, watch, notice, observe后的不定式作宾补时（不定式的to须省略），表示不定式动作的全过程。 The teacher will have Li Lei clean the classroom today. I heard Wei Fang sing the song.,考点点击 高频考点一：过去分词用于 get, have, make, keep, leave, order等使役动词后作宾补 1.Alexander tried to get his work_in the medical circles. A.to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized,高频考点二：过去分词常用于在watch, notice, see, hear, feel, find等后作宾补 2. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English_ as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak,高频考点三：with复合结构中用过去分词作宾补，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系 3. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already_ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid,过去分词作状语 过去分词（短语）作状语，它的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间的动宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词（短语）作状语可以表示时间，原因，让步，方式或伴随情况等。 1.时间状语 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. =When it is seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.,Dont speak until asked to. =Dont speak until you are asked to. 2.原因状语 Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. =As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 3.条件状语 United we will stand, divided we will fail. =If we are united we will stand; if we are divided we will fail.,4. 让步状语 Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. =Though they had been worned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. 5. 方式或伴随状语 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students. =The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.,Dressed in white, she suddenly appeared before us. =She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared before us. Although (I was) engaged in the work, I managed to spare some time to accompany him. If (I am) invited, I will attend the wedding of my friend.,(1)过去分词作状语时， 其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when, though, although, as if, as through, if, unless, until, once 等，表示时间、让步、条件、方式等。 (2)过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 Asked why he was late, he cried. Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.,(3) 过去分词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。 If caught, the police will punish the thief.误 If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. 正 (4)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有：satisfied,surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed 等 Disappointed at the examination results, the girl