八第一学期期末质量检测物理试题及答案详解.doc

Learn General Secretary on two to learn a strengthening four Consciousnesses important speech caused a strong reaction in the country. Time, watching red treasure, the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become the grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations two is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the party organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the pedal spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres success does not have to be me and the first to bear hardships, the last to service spirit to set the partys positive image among the people is important. Grass-roots party organizations two is to cleanse all people not happy not to see stereotypes, establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the money, corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zhou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhous solution to restore the partys fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing take, eat, card, undesirable and behaviour, cross, hard and cold, push attitude. Grass-roots party organizations two is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to focus on the grass-roots party branches loose, soft, loose problem, advance the party members and cadres, a gang working, Hong Kong report. Strong cleanup actions, style and rambling, presumptuous unqualified party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres joining party of thought problem. Party building is obtained in the long-term development of our partys historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the partys construction of a new rectification movement. Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented. Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. Two should have three kinds of consciousness two study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party members had a solid ideological basis. Only the learning and do real unity, to form a learn-learn-do-do the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the Organization2015八年级第一学期期末质量检测物理试题及答案详解 (笔试满分100分，笔试时间：90分钟)一、填一填(每空1分，共16分)1.夏天的早晨，我们经常可以在小草上看见露珠，露珠是_形成的.2.小丽的妈妈戴着一副太阳镜，镜片是蓝色的，在太阳光下她看到小丽穿的白衬衫是_色的.3.如图1所示为抽去空气的玻璃罩.它内部的闹钟虽然在振动发声，但是我们却听不到铃声，这说明声音的传播需要_.4.北宋时代的沈括，在他的著作梦溪笔谈中记载着：行军宿营，士兵枕着牛皮筒睡在地上，能及早地听到夜袭敌人的马蹄声，这是因为_.5.在宇宙飞船上，物体的质量每增加1g都必须为它消耗不少的动力，因此太空飞行对宇宙飞船和宇航员的质量都有严格的限制.宇航员的质量不能超过65_(填质量单位)，当他们从地面飞上太空后，其质量将_.(选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”)6.小明在理发时，从平面镜中看到背后墙上挂钟指针位置如图2所示，则实际时间是_.7.小雅的哥哥新买了一条领带，领带具有很强的自洁功能-不沾水也不沾油.由此可知这是利用了_材料制成的领带.8.物理之美，无处不在.图3中为李白朝发白帝城一诗的意境.通过读这首诗，可以联想到我们学过的一些物理概念、现象、规律，请你写出其中的一个诗句：_，跟这句诗相联系的物理知识：_.9.2004年6月8日出现的金星凌日天象，人们可通过滤光镜观察到太阳上有一个小黑点，如图4甲所示，小黑点即为金星.该天象是由光的_形成的.太阳、地球和金星三个天体可能分别处在图4乙中a、b、c三个位置的某个位置上，其中金星应处在_位置.10.请你参照示例，根据图5中甲、乙、丙所给图片的情景提出两个物理问题，并作回答.示例：问题：以山为参照物，船是运动的还是静止的？回答：以山为参照物，船是运动的.问题1：_？回答1：_.问题2：_？回答2：_.二、选一选(每题3分，共21分.各小题给出的四个选项中，有一个或几个是正确的，请将正确选项前的字母填写在题后的括号内.选对但不全的得1分，有选错的不得分)11.小明同学练习使用体温计测量体温，一次他给一位体温为37.1的同学测过体温后，没甩就给自己测量，这时体温计读数仍为37.1，则小明的体温可能是()A.36.8B.37.1C.38.8D.39.112.下列说法中最接近实际的是()A.课桌的高度约为120cm B.淋浴用热水的温度约为70C.一名中学生的质量约为20kgD.人步行的速度约为1.2m/s13.我国自行研制并发射的同步通信卫星是无线电波传播的中继站.这类卫星虽绕地心转动，但我们却觉得它在空中静止不动.这是因为观察者所选择的参照物是()A.太阳B.月亮C.地球D.宇宙飞船14.下列哪种措施可以减弱噪声()A.停止使用一次性白色泡沫饭盒B.在摩托车内燃机排气管上装消音器C.科学家研制氟里昂的替代品D.为促销在商场门口安装高音喇叭15.下列现象中属于光的反射的是()A.坐井观天B.潭深疑水浅C.一叶障目不见泰山D.镜中花，水中月16.一只能容纳1kg水的瓶子，一定能够容纳得下1kg的()A.白酒B.食用油C.酱油D.煤油17.关于自然界中的水循环，下列说法中正确的是()A.自然界中的云、雨、雪、雾、霜等现象，都是水的物态发生变化形成的B.江河、湖海、土壤、植物中的水，是通过汽化方式变成水蒸气升入天空的C.冰山上的积雪，是通过液化变成水蒸气升入空中的D.水蒸气在高空中遇冷，有的液化成小水滴，有的凝华成小冰晶，便形成千姿百态的云三、画一画(每题4分，共12分)18.如图6所示，一束光线从水中斜射入空气中，请你画出折射光线的大致方向.19.如图7所示，欲使用一个平面镜将斜射的阳光竖直向下射入井中，请你用作图的方法确定应当怎样放置平面镜.20图6中AB为物体AB通过平面镜所成的像，请根据平面镜成像的特点在图中画出平面镜，镜的背面用阴影斜线表示。四、议一议(每题4分，共8分)21.在CCTV-1的新闻联播节目中，曾经播放了“神舟六号”飞船成功升入太空的壮观情景.当运载火箭点火后离开发射台升空的瞬间，只见火箭底部涌出庞大的白色气团，其实这不是火箭排出的废气.我们知道，当火箭刚点火发射时，高温的火焰向下喷射到发射台的地面，此时任何物质遇到如此高温的火焰都要融化.为了保护发射台的台底，航天工程师在台底建造了一个大水池，巧妙地攻克了这项技术难关.现在请你说明：(1)火箭升空瞬间，庞大白色气团产生的原因是什么？(2)大水池能起到保护发射台的原因是什么？22.最近李强十分苦恼，因为他家的房子正对一座新大厦的玻璃幕墙.有时他站在他家的窗前，将同楼居民家的一举一动看得清清楚楚；有时他的房间被强光照得通亮，无法正常休息.(1)请人说出造成李强苦恼的原因；(2)请你对如何预防光污染提出一条合理的建议.五、做一做23.(6分)两名同学做“探究海波熔化”的实验，实验过程中记录的数据如下表所示.请你根据表中的数据，画出海波熔化图像，并将你获得的信息写出两点.时间/min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 温度/ 40 42 44 46 48 48 48 48 52 56 信息1：_；信息2：_.24.(7分)小丽在“探究平面镜成像规律”的实验中，在水平桌面上将一支点燃的蜡烛放在玻璃板前，然后把另一支同样大小未点燃的蜡烛放在它后方的桌面上并移动，使它跟点燃的蜡烛通过玻璃板成的像重合，如图8所示.(1)操作中小丽在桌面上无论怎样调整后方的蜡烛，都不能与像重合，其原因可能是_.(2)实验中用玻璃板代替平面镜的原因是_.(3)经过调整后小明找到了像的位置，发现像到玻璃板的距离和点燃的蜡烛到玻璃板的距离_.将白纸放在像所在的位置上，在白纸上没有蜡烛的像，说明平面镜成的是_像.25.(7分)请选用合适器材测量出下列物体中一个物体的密度：长方体木块、不规则石头或盐水.所给器材有：量筒、天平和砝码、刻度尺、细线、水、烧杯.(1)所测物体：_；(2)需要的实验器材：_；(3)写出必要的实验步骤：(需要的物理量用字母表示)(4)所测物体密度的表达式_.六、算一算(共23分)(要求写出必要的文字说明、公式、主要运算过程、数值、单位和答)26.(5分)一只原来装色拉油的空油桶，油桶上标明“净含量5L”.请你算一算，用这只桶装海水，最多能装多少千克的海水？(海水=1.03103kg/m3)27.(6分)一顶金冠的质量是0.5kg，体积为30cm3.请你通过计算回答它是否是纯金制成的？(金=19.3103kg/m3)28.(12分)我国第一辆“磁悬浮”列车于2003年初开通.它起于上海地铁2号线的龙阳站，东至浦东国际机场，全长约30km.求：(1)若“磁悬浮”列车的平均速度为300km/h，某旅客乘坐此列车由龙阳站到浦东国际机场需多少时间？(2)假设该旅客乘坐客车沿这条“磁悬浮”的线路，由龙阳站直达浦东国际机场，所用时间约为25min，则该客车平均速度是多少？(3)请你写出磁悬浮列车有什么特点？(写出两点即可)参考答案及评分标准一、填一填(每空2)1.水蒸气遇冷液化2.蓝3.介质(或空气) 4.固体传声比空气传声快5.kg，不变6.9：257.纳米8.朝辞白帝彩云间-物态变化(液化) 千里江陵一日还-速度大(或路程、时间) 两岸猿声啼不住-振动发声(介质传声或回声) 经舟已过万重山-相对运动9.直线传播b10.筷子为什么变弯折？-光的折射现象声音是怎样产生的？-发声体振动影子是怎样形成的？-光沿直线传播二、选一选(每题2，多选题漏选得1，错选不得)11.AB12.D13.C14.B15.D16.C17.ABD三、画一画(每题2)四、议一议(表述方法不一定唯一，只要合理即可得)21.1)白色气团是水汽化后的水蒸气在上升遇冷时液化形成的小水滴22)利用水汽化时吸收热量从而起到保护发射台台底的作用122.太阳光照到玻璃幕墙上发生了镜面反射，多数反射光进到了李强家. 2城市装修要符合城市环保要求，尽量限制使用玻璃幕墙(或建议对城市使用玻璃幕墙的范围、设计、制作和安装制定统一的技术标准) 1五、做一做23.画图基本正确得2信息1：海波熔化温度为482信息2：海波熔化时温度保持不变2(答案不惟一，只要合理即得)24.(1)玻璃板没与桌面垂直2(2)确定像的位置2(3)相等1(4)虚125.(1)测石头的密度1(2)器材：量筒、天平和砝码、细线2(3)用天平测出石头的质量为m1向量筒中注入适量的水，记下水面的刻度为V11用细线将石头绑好放入水中，记下水面上升后的刻度V21(4)=m/(V2-V1) 1(其他方法略)六、算一算(计算方法不唯一，只要合理即可得)26.解：油桶的体积为V=5L=510-3m31根据=m/v得m=v=1.03103kg/m3510-3m3=5.15kg2答：最多能装5.15kg的海水27.解；金冠的体积为v=30cm3=310-5m31金冠的密度为=m/v=0.5kg/(310-5m3)=16.7103kg/m32由于金=19.3103kg/m3金1所以此金冠不是金制的1答：此金冠不是纯金制成的.28.解：(1)由v=s/t得磁悬浮列车由龙阳站到浦东国际机场需时间t=s/v1=30km/(300km/h)=0.1h=6min3(2)客车由龙阳站到浦东国际机场需时间t2=25min=(5/12)h1客车通过这段路程的平均速度为v2=s/t2=30km/(5/12)h=72km/h2(3)磁悬浮列车具有速度大、能耗低、维修少、污染小等特点2写作不但能培养学生的观察力、联想力、想象力、思考力和记忆力，它的重要性更表现在于学生对字词句的运用、对思想语言和口头语言的提炼、对现实生活知识经验的总结升华、对情感价值观的宣泄。learning education, need three kinds of consciousness: one is to establish an integrated awareness. Learning and do what car isTwo-wheel, bird wings, need to go hand in hand, one end can be neglected. Communist theoretician and man. Only by closely combining theory and practice together in order to truly realize their value. Learning is the Foundation, the Foundation is not strong, shaking; Is the key to net to net thousands of accounts. Two education, lay the basis, going to do the key grip, so that the learning and doing back to standard, so that the majority of party members learn learning theory of nutrients, in the doing practice partys purposes. Second, to establish a sense of depth. Learning and do not Chu drawn, entirely different, but the organic unity of the whole. Two learning education, we need to explore integrating learning in do, exhibit do in Science. To avoid the learning into simple room instruction, do into a monotone for doing. Should exploration learn in the has do, do in the has learn of education and practice of carrier, makes general grass-roots members can in learn in the has do of achievements sense, in do in the has learn of get sense, real makes party of theory brain into heart, put for people service concept outside of Yu shaped. Third, to adhere to long-term the awareness. Style construction on the road forever, two had to catch the long-term. Two study and education, by no means, assault-style wind-sport, but the recurrent education within the party. In recent years, the partys mass line education practice and three-three special education in grass-roots borne rich fruits, vast numbers of party members and cadres withstood the baptism of the spirit. Two greater need to focus on longer hold long-term, to establish and perfect the effective mechanism of the education, focusing on the creation of long-term education, strive to make the vast number of part