罗立胜-学术综合英语U1.ppt

main,Unit 3 Traffic,2012,Part A Section A Pre-listening-Background Information,Pace Car In motorsport, a pace car or safety car is a car which limits the speed of competing cars on a racetrack in the case of a caution period such as an obstruction on the track. During a caution period the pace car enters the track ahead of the leader. With few,exceptions, competitors are not allowed to pass the pace car or other competitors during a caution period, and the pace car leads the field at a pre-determined safe speed,Pre-listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,Listening,LISTENING,Section A Pre-listening-Background Information,which may vary by series and circuit. At the end of the caution period, the pace car leaves the track and the competitors may resume racing.,Pre-listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,Listening,LISTENING,Section A Pre-listening-Background Information,Pre-listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,Listening,Driving Simulator Driving Simulators are used for entertainment as well as in training of drivers education courses taught in educational institutions and private businesses. They are also used for research purposes in the area of human factors and medical research, to monitor,drivers behavior, performance, and attention and in the car industry to design and evaluate new vehicles or new advanced driver assistance systems.,LISTENING,Section A toll bridges,motorsport: a collection of sports which primarily involve the use of motorized vehicles, such as motorcycle racing, truck racing and motorboat racing.,Part A,Part B,LISTENING,Section A fuel tax,advanced driver assistance system: a system to help the driver in its driving process. When designed with a safe Human-Machine Interface, it should increase car safety and more generally road safety.,Part A,Part B,LISTENING,Section A. New Words and Expressions,Pre-listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,Listening,pace car prescribed course driving simulator inebriated rear-ending pick up speed the overall flow of traffic driver performance hands-free model,领驶车 规定车道 驾驶模拟器 喝醉的 追尾 加速 整个车流量 驾驶员行为 免提式,LISTENING,Section A Listen Task 1,Pre-listening,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Part A,Part B,Listening,A news reporter is going to give a report on a research study on driving while talking on a cell phone.,LISTENING,Section A Listen Task 1,Listen to the report and try to get its main ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes.,Pre-listening,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Part A,Part B,Listening,1. What is this news report about?,2. Why is driving while talking on a cell phone worse than driving while drunk?,This news report is about driving while talking on a cell phone.,_ _,Because the research finds that those talking on a phone are more sluggish and slower in reacting.,_ _,LISTENING,Section A Listen Task 1,Pre-listening,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Part A,Part B,Listening,3. Who holds that driving while talking on a cell phone is worse than driving while drunk?,4. When was this statement made?,The researchers at the University of Utah, USA.,_,In the summer of 2006.,_,LISTENING,Section A Listen Task 1,Pre-listening,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Part A,Part B,Listening,5. How was the conclusion obtained that driving while talking on a cell phone is worse than driving while drunk?,Using a driving simulator, the researchers compared 40 peoples driving abilities in three groups: on the phone, drunk, and with no distractions.,_ _,LISTENING,Task 2.1,Listen to the report again and try to answer the following questions.,Pre-listening,Listening,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Part A,Part B,1. How dangerous is driving while talking on the cell phone according to the report?,It will increase the likelihood of an accident five-fold.,2. In what way is driving while talking on the phone different from driving while drunk?,Drunk drivers are aggressive, while those talking on the phone are more sluggish.,LISTENING,Task 2.2,Pre-listening,Listening,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Part A,Part B,3. How much will driving while talking on the phone affect the driver?,4. What is the governmental response to driving while on the cell phone?,It will reduce the drivers reaction time by 9 percent in braking and 19 percent in picking up speed after braking.,Some states have made laws to prohibit the use of cell phones while driving.,LISTENING,Task 2.2,Pre-listening,Listening,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Part A,Part B,5. Is the governmental legislation effective and why?,It is not effective because the drivers will use the hands-free model, which is also dangerous.,LISTENING,Script,Part A,Part B,Driving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk 21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006 Thursday, June 29 Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report. That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.,LISTENING,Script,Part A,Part B,“As a society, we have agreed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said. His teams report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors. In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, others,LISTENING,Script,Part A,Part B,navigated while drunk (meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments. “We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone,” Drews said. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers, the researchers found. The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. In,LISTENING,Script,Part A,Part B,contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk, or the sober, cell-phone-free group. The bottom line: Cell-phone use was linked to “a significant increase in the accident rate,” Drews said. He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone. Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive, while those talking on the phone were more sluggish, Drews said. In addition, the researchers found talking on the,LISTENING,cell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking. “This is significant, because it has an impact on traffic as a system,” Drews said. “If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down, the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,” he said. In response to safety concerns, some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. But that type of legislation may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands-free model.,Script,Part A,Part B,LISTENING,Script,Part A,Part B,Driving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk 21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006 Thursday, June 29 Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report. That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.,LISTENING,Script,Part A,Part B,“As a society, we have agreed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said. His teams report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors. In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, others,LISTENING,Script,Part A,Part B,navigated while drunk (meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments. “We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone,” Drews said. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers, the researchers found. The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. In,LISTENING,Script,Part A,Part B,contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk, or the sober, cell-phone-free group. The bottom line: Cell-phone use was linked to “a significant increase in the accident rate,” Drews said. He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone. Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive, while those talking on the phone were more sluggish, Drews said. In addition, the researchers found talking on the,LISTENING,cell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking. “This is significant, because it has an impact on traffic as a system,” Drews said. “If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down, the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,” he said. In response to safety concerns, some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. But that type of legislation may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands-free model.,Script,Part A,Part B,LISTENING,Section B Background Information,Pre-listening,Listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,Nias Island Nias Island lies about 125 km of west Sumatra Island on the Indian Ocean. It is part of North Sumatra Province. The water surrounding the island is great for sea activities, such as surfing and scuba diving. Surfers will call this island “Paradise on Earth”, for its bay challenges surfers with spectacular waves. In high seasons, the waves are told to be as high as 3.5 meters.,Nias ceremonial stone jump,Nias war dance,LISTENING,L-B-P.2,Pre-listening,Listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,Simeulue Regency Simeulue Regency is a regency in the Aceh province of Indonesia. It occupies a whole island of Simeulue, 150 km of the west coast off Sumatra. Its people are similar to the people in the neighboring Nias Island, with a language that differs from mainland Aceh. Most of people of Simeulue are Muslim.,LISTENING,L-B-P.3,Pre-listening,Listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,Red Crescent Red Crescent is a branch of the Red Cross that operates in Muslim countries. The Red Crescent emblem was first used by ICRC volunteers during the armed conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Russia (18771878). The symbol was officially adopted in 1929, and so far (as of 2009) 33 Islamic states have recognized it.,LISTENING,L-B-P. New Words and Expressions,Pre-listening,Listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,tsunami devastate Nias Island The Associated Press ablaze staff the U.N. emergency relief coordinator,海啸 使荒芜 尼亚斯岛 美国联合通讯社（美联社） 着火 担任的职员 联合国紧急救援 事务协调员,LISTENING,L-B-P. New Words and Expressions,Pre-listening,Listening,New Words and Expressions,Background Information,Part A,Part B,temblor epicenter course of action in the wake of Simeulue Island Red Crescent evacuate the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center,地震 震中 行动计划 在之后 锡默卢岛 红新月会 撤离,太平洋海啸预警中心,LISTENING,Task 1,A news reporter is going to report a disaster in Indonesia.,Pre-listening,Listening,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Part A,Part B,LISTENING,Task 1,Listen to the news and try to get its main ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes.,Pre-listening,Listening,Part A,Part B,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,Late Monday.,_,1. When did the quake in this news report happen?,Near Nias Island, off the west coast of Indonesia.,_,2. Where was the quake?,At least 300 people died and hundreds were injured.,_,3. How many people died or were injured in the earthquake?,LISTENING,Task 1,Pre-listening,Listening,Part A,Part B,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,4. How big was the quake?,Between 8.5 and 8.7.,_,The aid officials.,_,5. Who met to plan a course of action?,LISTENING,Task 2,Listen to the news again and try to answer the following questions.,Pre-listening,Listening,Part A,Part B,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,1. What did people do to keep safe during the quake?,People ran to hilltops for safety.,2. Were there any tsunamis after the earthquake?,No tsunamis happened after the earthquake.,3. In which area were people urged to leave home for safety?,Residents within 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the epicenter were asked to evacuate coastal regions.,LISTENING,Task 2,Pre-listening,Listening,Part A,Part B,Task 1 Listen and Take Notes,Task 2 Listen for Details,4. Which countries issued tsunami warnings when the quake struck?,India, Malaysia and Thailand.,5. Which countries were affected by the quake?,It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, Thailand.,LISTENING,L-B-L.1 Script,Quake Kills at Least 300 on Indonesian Island Vice President Says up to 2,000 Could Be Dead (CNN) A major earthquake struck off the west coast of Indonesia late Monday killing hundreds; but fears of another tsunami like those that devastated the region in late December have faded. On Indonesias Nias Island at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured or trapped, said government spokesman Agus Mendrova. But international news agencies are reporting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias Island.,Part A,Part B,LISTENING,L-B-L.1 Script,“It is predicted and its still a rough estimate that the number of the victims of dead may be between 1,000 and 2,000,” Vice President Jusuf Kalla told the el-Shinta radio station, according to The Associated Press. Between 500 and 1,000 homes were destroyed, and the islands public market was ablaze, Mendrova said. Between 10,000 and 15,000 people ran to hilltops for safety in case of a tsunami, Mendrova said. Many of the doctors and nurses who normally would staff the hospital fled to higher ground.,LISTENING,L-B-L.1 Script,“We have not heard of any tsunami hitting anywhere,” Jan Egeland, the U.N. emergency relief coordinator, told CNN from New York nearly six hours after the temblor struck. Still, Egeland said, the earthquake itself was responsible for casualties on islands close to the epicenter. Dozens of aid officials met overnight in Sumatra to plan a course of action after daylight breaks in the region, Egeland said.,LISTENING,There was a report of heavy damage on Simeulue Island in Indonesia, said Bernd Schell, head of tsunami operations for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Speaking from southern Aceh, Schell said “heavy, heavy shaking” lasted about three minutes. Based on the size of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initially urged residents within 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the epicenter to evacuate coastal regions. But no tsunamis were reported along Indonesias island coasts, while India, Malaysia and Thailand canceled tsunami warnings early Tuesday.,L-B-L.1 Script,LISTENING,L-B-L.1 Script,The quakes magnitude was variously reported by monitoring agencies as 8.7 and 8.5. The U.S. Geological Survey reported the former after initially putting the magnitude at 8.2; the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reported the latter. The main jolt was located near the coast of northern Sumatra, about 200 kilometers (125 miles) west northwest of Sibolga, and about 1,400 kilometers (880 miles) northwest of Jakarta, Indonesias capital. The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake was 30 kilometers (20 miles) deep.,LISTENING,L-B-L.1 Script,The quake struck at 11:09 p.m. (04:09 p.m. GMT, 11:09 a.m. ET). It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, Thailand.,LISTENING,L-B-L.1 Script2,