2019年高中英语Unit1FriendshipSectionⅢGrammar教案新人教版必修1.docx

Section Grammar 直接引语和间接引语()语法图解探究发现1“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.2“Does a friend always have to be a person？” the writer asks us.The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.3“What do you call your diary？” Annes sister asked her.Annes sister asked her what she called her diary.4“Why did you go to bed so late last night？” Father asked Anne.Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before.5The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0. 6“What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother？” the teacher asked us. The teacher asked us what Edison had done to help the doctor operate on his mother. 我的发现(1)在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，从句的主语作适当改变，从句中的时态往往有一定改变，如句1；但陈述客观事实时时态不变，如句5。 (2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由if或whether引导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用ask。如句2。 (3)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，将它变成由原来的疑问句引导的宾语从句。如句4、6。(4)语序变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。如句2、3、4、6。 直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。一、人称变化的三原则1“第一人称随主”原则如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称)Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)2“第二人称随宾”原则如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称)Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称)3“第三人称不更新”原则指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。Mr. Li said, “Jack is a good worker.”李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人”。(直接引语为第三人称)Mr. Li said Jack was a good worker.李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(改为间接引语后人称不变)即时演练1将下列句子改为间接引语 He said, “I am proud of my motherland.” He said that he was proud of his motherland.“You are wasting your time daydreaming！” he said to Mary. He told Mary that she was wasting her time daydreaming.Mr. Smith said, “My voice is wonderful.”Mr. Smith said his voice was wonderful.二、时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.”组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)名师点津直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)即时演练2将下列句子改为间接引语I said, “I will give her some advice tomorrow.” I said that I would_give her some advice the next day. “You have already done your duty，” he said to her. He told her that she had already done her duty.He said, “I am living with my elder brother.”He said that he was_living with his elder brother.“Light travels much faster than sound，” he said.He said that light travels much faster than sound.My friend Linda said to me, “I saw the film three days ago.”My friend Linda told me that she had_seen the film three days before.三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天that day那天this morning 今天上午that morning那天上午tonight今天晚上that night那天晚上tomorrow明天the next/following day第二天yesterday昨天the day before前一天last night昨天晚上the night before前一天晚上the day before yesterday前天two days before两天前three days ago三天前three days before三天前next week下一周the next/following week第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come来go去She asked, “Is this book his？”她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this)She asked whether that book was his.她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that)“Ill be very busy today，” said the man.那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today)The man said he would be very busy that day.那个人说，那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day)即时演练3将下列句子改为间接引语They said, “We arrived this morning.” They said that they had arrived that_morning. John said, “I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.” John said that he had written back telling him about it the_day_before.He said, “Its ten oclock now.”He said that it was ten oclock then.She said, “Ill do it tonight.”She said that she would do it that_night.He said, “I brought it home with me.”He said that he had taken it home with him.四、连接词的选择1直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.名师点津直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.2直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(. or .或.or not)或if引导。He said, “Are you interested in English？”He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in English.名师点津如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。3直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“Whats your name？” he asked me.He asked me what my name was.名师点津疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。即时演练4将下列句子改为间接引语“Where are you going？” the father asked his son.The father asked his son where he was going.Mother said to her daughter, “Are you satisfied with your new room？”Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.完成直接引语和间接引语的互换(每空一词)1“I will try my best to publish her diary，” said Annes father.Annes father said that he would try his best to publish her diary.2“I will go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow，” my father said to me.My father told me that he would go to Beijing for a meeting the next day.3“China is the biggest developing country in the world，” said Mr Smith.Mr Smith said that China is the biggest developing country in the world.4“Did you see the film last night？” asked Bob.Bob asked me whether/if I had seen the film the night before.5“How did you get this information？” Miss Liu asked him.Miss Liu asked him how he had got that information.6“Where does he live now？” Mother asked me.Mother asked me where he lived then.7“How much have we spent on petrol this year？” Susan asked h