高中英语时态总结.ppt

Company Logo,一般现在时,Company Logo,1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.,Company Logo,不能用于现在进行时表示正在发生动作的动词有： 1. 表示心理状态的动词 know知道，realize意识到，think (that)认为，suppose (that)料想，doubt怀疑，forget忘记，remember记得，understand明白，regard看待，love爱，like喜欢，prefer偏好，hate讨厌，hope希望，want想要，need需要，wish愿望，等。 2. 表示感觉的动词 see看见，hear听见，find发现，notice注意到，feel觉得等。 3. 表示状态的动词 be是，have有，belong属于，own拥有，possess拥有，suit适合，fit适合，contain包含，depend依靠，smell有的气味 ，taste有的味道，seem显得，look显得，appear看来，turn out变成，等。,Company Logo,一般过去时,Company Logo,1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 例：Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3）特殊句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了，该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了，早该了 例：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事 例：Id rather you came tomorrow. 4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 例：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。,Company Logo,注意：用过去时表现在，表示委婉语气。 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 例：Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2）情态动词 could, would. 例：Could you lend me your bike?,Company Logo,一般将来时,Company Logo,“will / shall动词原形”与“be going to动词原形”,两者均可表示将来时间和意图，有时可以换用。 两者的区别是：1. 若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，则通常要用be going to；若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通常用will 2. 若是有迹象表明要发生某事，通常只用be going to，不用will。 Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. 3. 带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to，而用will。 When he comes back, I will tell him the news.,Company Logo,“be going to+动词原形”与“现在进行时”,1. be going to主要表示主观想法或意图，而现在进行时表示将来则主要强调已经作出的安排。 比较：Im going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。(主观想法)Im picking you up at 6; dont forget. 我6点钟来接你，不要忘了。(已作出的安排) 2. 但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时，通常要用be going to，不能用现在进行时态。如：Its going to snow before long. 3. 当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时，两者均可用。 Shes taking going to take that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜欢不喜欢，她都得吃那药。,Company Logo,现在进行时表将来,现在进行时主要表示现在或目前正在进行的动作： Were having a meeting. 我们在开会。 My head is aching. 我头很疼。 现在进行时还可表示将来，主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。如： Im leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。 Are you meeting Bill this evening? 你今晚将和比尔见面吗？ 能这样用的动词不多，常用的有：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work 等。,Company Logo,“be going to+动词原形”与“be to+动词原形,be to+”两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时可互换(但be to比be going to正式)。 另外，be going to 还可表示预测，即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作，此时不能用be to。,Company Logo,一般过去将来时,Company Logo,一般过去将来时：表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。 构成：一般过去将来时是由“should / would + 动词原形”构成的。（一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中） 例如： 1. He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.（昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。） 2. They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.（他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。）,Company Logo,肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形. 否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形. 疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形？ 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形. 否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形. 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形？ 例如： 1. He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.（昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。） 2. They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.（他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。） 基本用法： 一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.（如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。） 其他表达法： 1. was/were going to + 动词原形：He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.（他说他退休后要住在农村。） 2. was/were + 动词-ing形式：Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.（没人知道客人们是否要来。） 3. was/were + 动词不定式：She said she was to clean the classroom after school.（她说她放学后要打扫教室。）,Company Logo,基本用法： 一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.（如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。） 其他表达法： 1. was/were going to + 动词原形：He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.（他说他退休后要住在农村。） 2. was/were + 动词-ing形式：Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.（没人知道客人们是否要来。） 3. was/were + 动词不定式：She said she was to clean the classroom after school.（她说她放学后要打扫教室。）,Company Logo,注意： 1. “was/were going to + 动词原形”或“was/were +动词不定式完成式”可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。 例如：Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.（上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。） 2. “was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。 例如：I felt something terrible was about to happen.（我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。） 3. was/were on the point of doing 例如：Im glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but youve saved me the trouble now.（很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。） 4. “be about to do” 和 “be on the point of doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。 例如：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.（我正要动身天突然下雨了。） 5. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。 例如：This door wouldnt open.（这扇门老是打不开。 ）,Company Logo,现在完成时,Company Logo,一、since不管since 是用作介词、连词还是副词，它通常都与现在完成时连用。 ：Charles has worked hard since leaving school. 自从离开学校以来查尔斯工作一直很努力。(since为介词) Great changes have taken place here since 1978. 自1978年以来这里发生了巨大的变化。(since为介词) Her reading has improved greatly since she changed schools. 自从她转校以来，她的阅读水平提高了很多。(since为连词) You havent changed muchfy; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-s since we last met. 自从上次我们见面以来，你变化不大。(since为连词) She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper. 她去年五月到伦敦，此后一直在报社工作。(since为副词) He left school in 1983. I havent seen him since. 他1983年离开学校。打那时起我一直没见过他。(since为副词),Company Logo,1. 表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：How long is it since you arrived? 你到来多久了?It is =has been ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。2. 对于某些表示状态(如seem等)的动词，或因句义等方面的原因，有时可能用一般现在时比用现在完成时更合适。如：It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。 Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 从什么什候开始42元加5元的服务费等于48元了? 3. 若不是指从过去持续到现在，而是指从较远的过去持续到一个较近的过去，则用过去完成时。比较：He hasnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 自星期二以来他一直未吃东西。(自星期二以来他一直未吃东西。指从星期二到现在未吃东西)Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西,Company Logo,二、in the last five years类似于in the last five years的时间状语，它若表示从现在算起的过去一段时间内，通常要与现在完成时连用。 如：This company has come a long way in the last five years. 最近五年这个公司已经前进了一大步。The house has changed hands three times in the last two years. 在过去两年中，这栋房子已转手三次。Is that the sum of what youve done in the last two years? 这就是你最近两年中完成的全部数量吗?【注】其中的介词in有时也可换成for, during, over, within 等，有时也可省去。如：I have been here for the last two weeks. 最近两周我一直在这里。Over the last few years, prices have fallen sharply. 在过去的几年中，价格已急剧下降了。My business has decreased during the last two months. 最近两个月内，我的生意减少了。另外，若不是表示从现在算起的过去一段时间，则不用现在完成时。如：Jim managed two goals in the last ten minutes. 在最后的10分钟内，吉姆设法得了两分。【比较】I didnt see much of Harry in the last months. 在最后的几个月中，我很少看见哈里。I havent seen much of Harry in the last months. 在最近的几个月中，我很少看见哈里。,Company Logo,三、in the past five years类似于in the past five years的时间状语，它表示从现在算起的过去一段时间，因此通常要与现在完成时连用。 如：的时间状语，它表示从现在算Ive seen little of her in the past few weeks. 近几周我很少见到她。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past five years. 过去五年我们种了成千上万棵树。Population has increased by 200% in the past 25 years. 人口在过去25年内增加了200%。【注】其中的介词in有时也可换成for, during, over, within 等，有时也可省去。如：Hes been in a coma for the past six weeks. 在过去的六个星期中，他一直昏迷不醒。People have changed their diets a lot over the past few years. 在过去的几年中，人们的饮食习惯已改变了很大。Within the past few minutes, the President has issued a statement. 在过去的几分钟里，总统发表了一项声明。另外，有时可能用含有情态动词的完成式。如：I must have slept three hours in the past day and a half. 在过去的一天半时间里，我肯定只睡了三个小时。,Company Logo,over the yearsover the years 的意思是“这些年来”“经过这么多年之后”“最近几年”，通常表示的是从现在算起的过去几年，因此通常与现在完成时连用。 如：Shes brought us so much happiness over the years. 这些年来，她给我们带来了不少的幸福。Weve had a few arguments over the years, but in general we get on very well. 最近几年来，我们争吵过几次，但总的说来，我们相处得很好。Womens social status hasnt changed much over the years. 这些年来妇女的社会地位没有多大改变。Over the years Ive learnt to remember how to survive, and how to forget pain. 这些年来，我已经学会了记住怎样挣扎求生和怎样忘却痛苦。,Company Logo,五、so far当so far表示“到目前为止”时，它指的是从过去某时持续到现在的一段时间，因此通常与现在完成时连用。如：So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。We agreed to meet here but so far he hasnt turned up yet. 我们讲好在这里见面的，但到目前为止他还没有来。So far the work has been easy, but things may change. 到目前为止，这工作很容易，但情况可能有变化。Thankfully, the land has so far escaped . 谢天谢地，至今这块土地尚未开发过。【注】当so far表示“到这种程度或范围”时，则不一定与现在完成时连用，而是可以根据情况选用时态。如：I can only help him so far. 我只能帮他到这种程度。,Company Logo,六、up to nowup to nowup to now 的意思是“到现在为此”，指从过去持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。 如：Up to now hes been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默。Her life has run smoothly up to now. 她的生活到目前仍一帆风顺。Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。,Company Logo,七、until nowuntil now 的意思是“直到现在（为止）”，表示从过去某时持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。 如：Until now I have always lived alone. 我一直独自生活至今。Until now the President has shut his eyes to this problem. 总统至今仍对这个问题视而不见。,Company Logo,八、Its the first time thatIts the first second, third time that 的意思是“这是第一次（第二次、第三次）做某事”。句首的it有时也可换成this, that等。 如：Its the second time Ive come here. 这是我第二次来这儿。Its the first time that he has seen an elephant. 这是他第一次见到大象。This is the first time that Ive heard her sing. 这是我头一次听她唱歌。若主句用一般过去时，则that从句通常用过去完成时。如：It was the first time that I had ever driven a taxi