《口腔英语构词法》PPT课件.ppt

1,Word Building,构 词 法,2,Lexicology 词 汇 学,structure - grammar origin,development, & relationship to words in other languages -etymology meanings and uses -semantics,3,lexicology,Lexi(c)- a n. root, word or phrase log- a v. root, to study logy- study of word or phrase Related words include: lexicon / dyslexia,4,Word element 词素,Word root(stem,base) 根，干 affix: suffix-word ending 后缀 prefix-word beginning 前缀 combining vowel 连接元音 combining form 联合形,5,atrophy a / troph / y not nourish condition of dystrophy dys / troph / y poor agranulocytosis a / granul /o/cyt /o/ sis without smallgrain cell abnormal condition,6,Word root （tem, base）,log- a root to study -y a suffix concept or action -logy a compound suffix study (in med.frequently treatment) tom- a root to cut -tomy a compound suffix incision or cutting into,7,Root-words,appendix 阑尾 uterus 子宫 sepsis 脓毒症，脓血病,8,derived words root + affix (prefix or affix) compound words roots + (affixes) (two or more) (with or without) a/troph/y a/granul/o/cyt/o/sis,9,orb- a Latin root orbit n. -al pertaining to retro- behind retro-orbital adj.,10,en- prefix creates v.from n.or adj. enforce v. (from a n.) enlarge v. (from an adj.),11,dark root(adj. ) obscure darkness n. night or blackness darken v. to obscure,blacken darkly adv. in an obscure manner,12,Suffixes,inspect v. to look closely -or suffix a person who completes an action inspector n.,13,spectacle n. intro- prefix into, inside -ive suffix like introspective adj. -ly suffix denoting an adverb introspectively adv.,14,simple suffix: -ic gastric n. -forming suffixes adj. -forming suffixes compound suffixe: -logy hist/o/log/y nephr/o/tom/y tonsill/ec/tom/y,15,noun-forming suffixes,16,-ary a person or place capillary beneficiary -ia condition (used in compound suffix) anemia periodontoclasia,17,-ics study of gnathostomatics 口颌生理学 exodontics 拔牙学 -ist stomatologist,18,-itis inflammation pericoronitis 牙冠周炎 pulpitis 牙髓炎 sialoduchitis 涎管炎 nephritis / tonsilitis / gastritis arthritis / rhinitis,19,-oma swelling,tumor adenoma 腺瘤 sarcoma / fibroma 肉瘤/纤维瘤 fibrosarcoma 纤维肉瘤 oral fibroma 口腔纤维瘤 fibrosarcoma intro oral fibrosarcoma of tongue fibrosarcoma of maxillary sinus,20,-osis abnormal or pathological condition,neurosis 神经官能症 sclerosis hardening or stiffening of tissue dysodontiasis 出牙不良，出牙困难 dysostosis 骨发育障碍，骨发育不良,21,noun-forming suffixes the doer or agent,22,-al signal arrival -ian physician -ist stomatologist nephrologist -or,er incisor elevator -t agent,23,noun-forming suffixes,form n. from v., the act action or process the product or result of the action: (often found in compound suffixes),24,-ence science -escence adolescence -ion union -m(a) plasma -ment abutment -se dose,25,-sis analysis -sy epilepsy -tion action medication -ure suture -y -tomy hepatotomy celiotomy,26,adj.-forming suffixes,27,-ac cardiac -al bronchial gingival -ar tonsillar mandibular ary capillary maxillary salivary/-glands,28,-eal esophageal -ic hepatic orthodontic dysgnathic -oid cystoid cementoid -ous mucous introvenous,29,Compound suffixes,A verb root + a simple suffix = a compound suffix,30,-gram 记录 electrocardiogram -graph 描记器 electrocardiograph -graphy记录、摄影 electrocardiography -meter 测量用器具 thermometer -metry 测量 thermometry -scope 检查用器具 microscope -scopy 检查 microscopy,31,-tome 切割用器具 arthrotome -tomy 切开 osteotomy -ectomy 切除 appendectomy -(o)stomy 开口，造口 gastrostomy -(o)rrhea 流出，分泌 rhinorrhea -(o)rrhagia 大量流出 gastrorrhagia -(o)rrhaphy 缝合术 herniorrhaphy -(o)rrhexis 破裂 hepatorrhexis,32,Prefixes,33,pre- before, in front of preoperation post- after, in back of postoperation anter- farther forward anterior poster- farther back posterior,34,extra- outside of, beyond extraarticular intra- inside, within intravenous extro- outside of, beyond extrovert intro- inside, within introvert exter- outer external inter- inner internal infer- lower inferior super- above, over,higher superior,35,infra- below, lower infracostal supra- above, over suprasternal hyper- above, excessive hyperemia hypo- under, deficient hypoglycemic macro- long, large macroscopic, macrocyte micro- small microwave, microcyte,36,Same meaning / different pattern,hypodermic subdermic (GK) (L) under the skin bicephalous dicephalous (GK) (L) having two head,37,medical word unused synonym (GK)periodontal (L)circumdental (L)extraoral (GK)ectostomatal,38,nephro- ren- *nephrology renology adnephral *adrenal,39,hemi hyper trophy anti anti body,40,Some prefixes negate the concept,a- an- not, without anemia de- not, without decompose in- not invisible non- not nonviable,41,prefixes intensify the root,in- instigate de- declare per- peracid,42,hemi- half, part hemihypertrophy mono- one, single monomorphous cent- one hundred centigrade kil- thousand kilogram ante- before antepartum,43,pre- before prenatal post- after postnatal neo- new neonatal poly- many polyuria multi- many multipara homo- the same homogeneous,44,micr(o)- small microcyte macr(o)- large, long macrocyte major- larger majority minor- smaller minority,45,benign- good, innocuous benign malign- harmful, evil malignant hyper- above, excessive hyperglycemia hypo- under, deficient hypoglycemia,46,combining vowel,47,o e i a ophthalm / o / log / y cent / i / grad / e,48,base + combining vowel : combining form e.g. hemato gastro,49,hepatoma hepat- (o) -oma,50,micro-organism or the “-”may be optional: microorganism,51,To define a word:,oto rhino laryng o log ist root root root root suffix ear nose larynx study person throat who,