英语应用文写作.ppt

应用文写作,英语书信的结构：,英文书信通常包括6个组成部分： 信头（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期); 信内地址（inside address，指收信人地址); 称呼（salutation）; 正文（body）; 结束语（complimentary）; 签名（signature）; 有时候还包括附言（postscript）和 附件（attachment）。 在考试中，由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在书信中包 括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分。,1. 信头（Heading） 信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页 的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。 地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、 省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信 件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如： 123 Tianhe Road Tianhe District Guangzhou 510620 Guangdong Province P. R. C. March 15, 2002,发信日期的写法： 年份完全写出，不能简写。 月份用英文，不要用数字代替。多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。 写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，28，29， 30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st等。但最好用基数 词，简单明了。 日期可有下列几种写法： Dec. 21, 2013； 21 Dec., 2013； 21st Dec, 2013； Dec. 21st, 2013。其中，最为通用。,2. 信内地址（Inside Address） 信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公 务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这 一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的 左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。,3 .称呼（Salutation） 与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。在私人信件中直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中要写收信人的姓。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如： Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen: Dear Dr. Johnson, 对不相识的人可按性别称呼： Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。 如果不知收信人的性别则可用Dear Sir or Madam:,3. 信的正文（Body of the Letter） 直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。 陈述目的时，直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。 书信正文的第一句话或第一段（即起首语）一般先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。,正文写作格式： 1)英式结构：缩进式结构，即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。 2)美式结构：齐头式结构，即所有段落的第一行 都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，称呼、落款等也都顶格写。 商业信函以及电子邮件最好使用齐头式。,缩进式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,直接说明写信目的,原因,齐头式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,建议使用齐头式,4.结束语（Complimentary Close） 公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分：发信人的结尾套语与署 名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语 结尾后面要加逗号。 常用的结尾套语有：Truly yours, Yours truly, Respectfully yours, Yours respectfully, Faithfully yours, Yours faithfully, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely, Yours truly, Yours 等。 私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有： Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son / daughter等。,记住几个常用的即可,5. 签名（Signature） 写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二 行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须 写出全名。,各种信函类型:,一、 邀请信 (A Letter of Invitation) 1.活动名称及目的 写明邀请对方参加什么活动，以及邀请的原因和目的等。 2.活动细节及注意事项 写明活动安排的细节及需要告诉对方的注意事项。诸如时间、地点、参加人员、人数，需要做些什么样的准备以及需要穿着什么的服饰。,Dear Mr. Harrison: Our new factory will be commencing production on April 10 and we should like to invite you and your wife to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion. As you will appreciate this is an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at home and overseas. We are inviting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting. Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time we can arrange for you to be met. All arrangements for your stay overnight on April 10 will, of course, be made by us at our expense. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,Dear Snoopy, I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Guo Jings wedding ceremony with Ms. Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2008. As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven oclock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss. If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,活动内容,时间，地点,常用开头用语 I am writing to invite you to I would like to see your presence at I think it would be a good idea if you could participate in I wonder if you could come I would like you to come How would you like to join us in? 常用结尾用语 My family and I would feel honored if you could come. We would be looking forward to your participation in the party. I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision.,（2012年）真题,你叫李平，是学院学生会干部，获悉你的一位师兄王勇在毕业后工作近一年，就被提升为公司销售部经理，你写信邀请他来学院举办一场讲座，信的内容包括：消息的来源；表示高兴和祝贺；讲座内容（他成功的经验）,开头写什么？,自我介绍，从老师得知升职消息，祝贺。,Dear Wang Yong, I am a member of the School Union. Recently I heard of your promotion to the manager of the Sales Department from our teacher. Please accept my sincere congratulations to you!,第二段写什么？,写信目的。讲座的内容。时间。地点等细节。,Im writing to invite you to give us a lecture on job hunting and future career planning. You know, a lot of students are facing their job hunting these days. Your experience and success will encourage them a lot. The lecture will be held at 7 oclock on this Thurday, in No. 3 Building. It will last 2 hours.,第三段呢？,再次祝贺。盼回复。,Congratulations again! I am looking forward to your reply as soon as possible so that I can make everything prepared.,邀请信的回复 邀请信的复信要求简明扼要，在书写时应注意以下几点： 1 接受邀请的复信中应重复写上邀请信中的某些内容，如 邀请年、月、日，星期几、几点钟等，如“Ill be delighted to attend your luncheon next Friday, May the fifth, at twelve oclock.“。 2 邀请信的复信中应明确表明接受邀请还是不接受邀请， 不能含乎其词，如不能写“Ill come if Im in town. ”这类的 话，以使得对方无法作出安排。在接受邀请的复信中，应对 受到邀请表示高兴。谢却的复信中应阐明不能应邀的原由。,二 申请信 (A Letter of Application),申请信主要用于求职或求学,目的是要对方充分了 解自己的目的和资格.因此,申请信必须简明扼要,突 出重点.申请信可以是针对招聘广告写的,也可以市 直接递交给某个单位的.申请信要求语言规范,信息 正式,既不能夸张,也不必过于谦虚.申请信的结构一 般包括:申请目标,自述理由,介绍资格,请求面试和 期待回音等. 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题， 语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具 备的申请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。 最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的 措辞。,主要结构: 1) 说明写作目的表明想要获得什么工作或学位，介绍自 己，从何处获得此信息。 2) 介绍相关工作经历及本人个性，以表明你可以胜任这个 职位包括教育背景、工作经历、个人能力及成就，视情 况简单介绍个人爱好和兴趣。 3) 表示感谢和期待，恳请招聘单位对自己的申请给予优先 考虑，留下联络方式及对对方表示感谢,Dear Mr. Moore, I would like to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress. I am enclosing my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications. Not only do I have the qualifications and work experience for this job, but I also have the right personality for a waitress. I am a friendly person who can quickly establish a rapport with people of all ages. I hope to meet with you to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. I can be reached at 4639234 during the days and 924,6868 after 6 p.m. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to you in the near future. Yours sincerely Li Ming,说明写信目的，信息来源，随函附件等。切记：简洁明了。,具备能力，资格，性格特征。,常见求职及申请信的导语句型： I am writing to apply for . I wish to apply for the post mentioned in your advertisement in Beijing Daily of March 21. I am writing to express my interest in . I should like to apply for the job advertised in yesterdays newspaper. The requirements in your advertisement makes me confident that I am qualified for the position. I am writing in response to your advertisement for the position of ,表示信心、能力或兴趣的方式： I feel that, with my qua1ifications and desire, I could contribute significantly to your company. I feel that I can make a strong contribution to your company. I feel confident that I can provide the kind of leadership that you are seeking for. I am convinced that my interest together with my academic background and working experiences will make me better qualified in applying a course of a higher level.,在信尾表达进一步联系的愿望，表示感谢的方式： I would be pleased to have the opportunity to interview with . I would appreciate the opportunity to discusswith you further. Thank you again and I look forward to hearing from you shortly. I am very interested in this position and would appreciate the opportunity to further discuss during a face-to-face interview. Thank you for you consideration.,（2013年）真题,假如你是一名大学新生，对社团生活很感兴趣，想申请加入某一校园社团（campus club or society）。 请写一封申请书，陈述你加入社团的原因，你的优势，你以前的活动经历以及你对入社后的活动有什么设想。,思考一下，你的申请书的结构会是怎么样的？,Para.1: 表明自己的兴趣,Para 2: 入社原因，优势，经历，设想等。,Para 3: 希望考虑自己的申请。表达谢意。,Example:,Dear Miss/Mr, I am writing to express my interest in joining your Campus club of Music.,I have fallen in love with singing since I was a little boy. I have been playing guitar for 3 years. Besides, I took part in our Senior High School Singing Competition twice and won a second and a first prize respectively. I believe my singing and guitar skills will quality me for joining your club. If I am admited in, I will work with other members collectively in order to develop our club into the best one.,I really appreciate if you could consider my application seriously and am looking forward to a face-to-face communication with you. Many thanks.,116 words!,三、询问信 (A Letter of Inquiry),询问信的主要目的是寻求所需信息，通常包括以下几个 方面的内容：首先表明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是 要寻求什么样的信息；然后就某一具体问题进行询问；最 后表明获取信息的急切心情，可以提供联系方式以便收信 人与你联系，并表达你的感谢之情。 提示：询问信的语气通常比较正式、和缓，要充分表达 感激之情。同时，相比较语气直接的疑问句，用一些能够 起到提问作用的陈述句更佳。,句型 I wonder if you could tell me the information about I am writing for the information about/concerning I would like to know whether you can provide me with information regarding Would you be so kind to tell me？ I look forward to your immediate response. Your attention to this letter/Your immediate response would be highly appreciated. I am waiting for your quick reply. Thank you in advance for your cooperation/assistance.,四、祝贺信 (A Letter of Congratulation),英语中，祝贺信使用的频率很高。凡是遇到重大 的喜庆节日，如圣诞节、新年、婚礼和生日等等， 亲友间要写祝贺信。当亲友晋升、毕业、考试成功 或出国留学时也要写祝贺信。祝贺信相对而言是比 较容易写的，但用词必须亲切有礼、表达出真诚的 喜悦感情。具体写作步骤： 首段：表达听到喜讯的心情。 主体段落：对喜讯进行积极评价。 结尾段：表达衷心的祝贺之情。,句型 I am so pleased and happy to hear that I offer you my warmest congratulations on your I wish you still further success！ Please accept our most sincere congratulations and very best wishes for all the good future in the world.,Dear Jason, I am much delighted to learn that you have been elected the Chairman of our University Students Union. This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement. The Students Union plays an essential role in our campus life. Managing such an organization not only poses a great challenge to you, but will also fundamentally enhance your ability. Please accept my most sincere congratulations! Best wishes, Li Ming,所取得的成绩的意义,再次祝贺！,五、 投诉信 (A Letter of Complaint),投诉信内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。 投诉信的结构 （1）开头：自我介绍，交代投诉内容，表明本信的目的和要求。 （2）正文：说明情况，讲清利害，分析利弊。告诉对方你因此受到的伤害或不便，提出解决问题的建议，表明希望如何处理。 （3）结尾：表达希望问题得到迅速恰当解决的强烈愿望，希望尽快得到满 意的答复。,投诉信常用语 1) 有礼貌地说明所犯错误或指出问题 1.I am writing to complain about- 2.I write to express my concern/dissatisfaction about 3.I would like to express my disappointment about- 4.We have received your (invoice/consignment) 5.With reference to your invoice of- I must point out- 6.According to-, the correct figure is- 7.On checking the goods, we discovered that 200 radios were missing. 8.Your invoice states that the consignment contains radios, but in fact .,五、道歉信 (A Letter of Apology),道歉信内容：表示歉意；道歉的原由；出现差错的原因; 提出弥补措施；请求原谅。 写作“三步走”：表示歉意-说明具体原因、提出补 救办法-再次致歉、希望得到理解. 提示：在写作过程中，尽可能提供比较合理的理由。 如果违反生活常识将导致扣分；在解释完原因后，尽量 提供一个合适的补救办法，使行文更加完满。,常用语： Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards? If so, please dont hesitate to drop me a call about your preferable date. Please allow me to say sorry again.,Directions: You are invited to a dinner at a friends house, but you are not able to attend because of the preparation for a coming examination. Write a letter to your friends to express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a meeting at another time。,Dear Anne, Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot join you and your family, because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please dont hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant chat with you。 Please allow me to say sorry again。 Regards, Li Ming,把邀请的内容重复一遍。,道歉；说明原因。遗憾。,补救方案,六、 感谢信 (A Letter of Thanks),感谢信的开头应简述写感谢信的目的。 感谢信的主要部分，应特别指出由于对方的帮 助，使自己所得到的益处。 感谢信的最后有时可再次表达感谢之意，也可表 达希望继续合作、保持联络的愿望或有机会报答对 方的承诺等。,英语感谢信常用语句: Many thanks for your kind and warm help. I am greatly indebted to you for your help. Thank you for your generous hospitality. Im sincerely grateful for all your help in . Your note of congratulations is deeply appreciated. Thank you for doing so much to make my trip interesting. Thank you for your kindness to have done me a favour. On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude