牛津英语一单元复习讲义.docx

牛津英语8A Unit 1 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. almost/nearly相同点不同点两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用。almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用。如：Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。He is almost nearly as tall as her.他差不多与她一样高。nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如：The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。He fell and almost nearly broke his leg.他跌了一跤，险些跌断了腿。有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同)，此时不用 nearly。如：I almost wish Id stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。 【小试牛刀】1. When he came back, it was_one oclock in the morning.2. _no one came to help him with his work.(2011山东日照中考) 30. The volunteer teachers in the rural areas are _ college students.A. mainly B. nearly C. clearly D. freely【2011山东临沂】28. Stay away from junk food, please. Its bad for us，_ for children! A. recently B. especially C. probably D. nearly 2. in the future/in future基本含义用法辨析in future from now on “今后，以后”常指离现在较近的一段将来时间。强调与过去相对照，过去是什么情况，今后将是什么情况。in the future in time yet to come “将来”常指包括in future在内的较远的将来一段时间。in the near future指“在不久的将来”。【小试牛刀】1. Who knows what will happen _？2. Be more careful with your spelling _.3. advice/suggestion基本含义用法辨析advice “劝告，意见”是不可数名词，指具有丰富的知识，足够的经验，正确的判断力和明智的观点的人对另一个人的劝告或见解，既可以是对于严肃的事物，也可以对琐碎事情提出意见。suggestion “建议；意见”是可数名词，特指为了改进或解决某一问题而提出建议，办法等，但不一定正确，仅供参考。【例句展示】I wonder if I can get some advice from you. 不知道能否得到你的指点。I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon. 我提了几条关于下午活动安排的建议。【2011襄阳】26. - I hear you are not allowed to eat in class. -Right. Its one of the in our school. A. plans B. orders C. rules D. suggestions【2011东营】I dont know how to deal with my family problem. Can you give me some_?A. advice B. messages C. information D. instructions【延伸拓展】ask for ones advice about征求某人对的意见against sb.s advice违背某人的忠告come to sb. for advice来向某人请教4. 几组词语搭配基本含义常见搭配famous be famous for “以而著名”be famous as “作为而出名”agree “赞同”agree with sb. “同意某人(的意见、主意或所说的东西)”agree to sth. “同意或赞同(计划、建议、安排、决定等)”agree on sth. “就取得一致意见；在方面意见一致”agree to do sth. “答应/愿意做某事”ready be ready for sth. “为做好准备(侧重状态)”get ready for sth. “为做好准备(侧重动作)”get sth. ready “把准备好”二、语法点拨形容词的比较等级(1)用法讲解(详细见课本笔记)大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最” 形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成a. 规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变着加 b. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarther, furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法 比较级前的修饰语still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years【小试牛刀】1. I cant run any _(far). Shall we stop for a while? 2. It is not so (hot) today as it was yesterday, 3. _ (hard) you study, _ (good) you will be at English.4.-Which do you like _ (well), English, Maths or Chinese? -English is my favorite subject.5. Our country is becoming _ and _ (beautiful).【2011兰州】29. Of the two coats, shed like to choose the one to save money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive【2011山东威海】32.What do you think of Liu Huan?Oh, he is my favourite singer. I think no one can sing_.A. good B. well C. better D. best 【2011山东青岛】23. In the piano contest, my brother didnt play well and I did_A. very well B. much better C. very good D. even worse【2011广州】( )8. The actress is already 50, but she looks _ than she really is.A. young B. more young C. more younger D. much younger三、交际用语谈论某人的品质或外貌1. 谈论某人的品质-What is Lily like?莉莉是怎样的一个人？-She is a very nice girl.她是个非常好的女孩子。2. 谈论某人的外貌-What does Rose look like?罗斯看起来怎么样？-Thin and tall.又瘦又高。牛津英语8A Unit 1 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1喝(吃)的东西something to drink/eat2更多一些食物some more food3没有任何别的东西nothing else4一个八年级学生a Grade 8 student5写信给某人(有关有事/某人)write to sb. (about sth./sb.)6举办一次写作/绘画比赛hold a writing/drawing competition7愿意/乐意做某事be willing to do sth. = be ready/glad to do sth.89给需要座位的人让座give seats to people in need10环球旅行travel around the world11和. 一样as +(形容词或副词原级) + as .不如not as/so+ (形容词或副词原级) + as .= less + (形容词或副词原级) +. than.12保守秘密keep a secret / keep secrets13使我快乐make 作使役动词make me happy (make + 宾语 + 形容词)让我笑make me laugh (make sb. do sth.)14走过walk past . =pass15把.撞翻knock over (代词放中间)16告诉某人某事tell sb. sth.告诉某人有关某事tell sb. about sth.17讲笑话/开某人的玩笑tell (funny) jokes/ play a joke on sb18说某人的坏话say a bad word about sb.19视力差have poor eyesight20(富)有幽默感have a (good) sense of humour21因为/由于because of(+名词/代词/名词性短语)22感到无聊/不开心feel bored/ unhappy23与.混合在一起get mixed up with . 24对某人很大方be generous to sb.25投票给某人/投票选举某人vote for sb.26努力(不)做某事/尽力做某事try (not) to do sth./ try/do ones best to do sth.27A和B两者都.both A and B.28所有的这些户外活动all of these outdoor activities29倾听人们的难题/帮助人们解决难题listen to peoples problems/ help people solve problems30一个社会工作者a social worker31与某人交朋友make friends with sb.32高兴做某事be happy to do sth.33分享某人的快乐share ones joy34面带微笑wear a smile on ones face35同意某人的意见（或所说的话）agree with sb.同意某件事（计划，安排等）agree to sth.经过协商在某件事在达成一致agree on sth.同意做某事agree to do sth.36在左边的那个男孩the boy on the left37希望做某事hope to do sth.38在将来in the future39你们杂志的一个读者a reader of your magazine40在午餐期间during lunchtime41给某人提意见give sb. advice42对.很了解know very well43在某事上有困难/做某事有困难have some problems with sth./ have some problems (in) doing sth.44在隔壁next door = in the next room/flat/house45因.而出名be famous for.作为.而出名be famous as.牛津英语8A Unit 1 基础训练一、重点词组1. 看广告_ 2. 像一样_ 3. 长时间_4. 愿意做某事_ 5. 路过 _ 6. 准备做某事_7. 保守秘密_ 8. 撞翻_9. 环游世界_10.长大_11. 彼此_12. 想到_13.糟糕的视力_14. 因为 _15. 在晚上_16.看起来精神_17. 有幽默感_18. 觉得无聊_19.讲笑话_20. 使我高兴_21. 与某人分享某物_ 22. 把座位让给某人_23. 告诉某人关于某事_24. 一个叫汤姆的朋友_25. 在某方面帮助某人_26. 说某人的坏话_二、句型结构1. She is as slim as I am. asas 与一样, not asas 与不一样1）我们的教室和他们的一样明亮。Our classroom is _ _ _ theirs.2）他姐姐没有他高。His sister is _ _ _ _ him.2. She helps me with my homework.help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 与help sb. (to) do sth.同义，可转换这个女孩经常帮同学学英语。The girl often _ her classmates _ their English.The girl often_her classmates _English.3. She always gives seats to people in need. give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.请把这辆自行车给你的老师。Please _ the bike _ your teacher. Please _ _ _the bike.三、难点语法1. 形容词 我们使用形容词描写人或事物,通常把它放在名词之前、连系动词之后。1) 她有短发。She has _ hair.2) 这些男孩子很英俊。The boys _ very handsome.2. 形容词的原级、比较级、最高级的基本用法 A方 + be + adj.（比较级）+ than + B方.A方 + be + the + adj.（最高级）+in/of .A方+ be（not）+ as + adj.（原级）+ as + B方 .1) 西蒙比凯特更瘦。Simon _ _ _ Kate. 2) 在所有的孩子中玛丽是最小的。Mary is _ _ _ all the children. 3) 我的尺子和你的不一样长。 My ruler _ _ _ _ yours.牛津英语8A Unit 2 复习讲义一、重点词汇英国英语和美国英语在单词拼写上的差异英国英语和美国英语在许多方面有很多的不同，如发音、拼写和用词等。下面就拼写和用词方面作一比较。 单词拼法上的差异英国英语美国英语汉语意思英国英语美国英语汉语意思travellertraveler旅行者analyseanalyze分析theatretheater剧院practisepractice练习metremeter米honourhonor荣誉colourcolor颜色chequecheck支票favouritefavorite最喜爱的programmeprogram节目、程序dialoguedialog对话 用词差异英国英语美国英语汉语意思英国英语美国英语汉语意思filmmovie电影madcrazy疯狂的trouserspants裤子liftelevator 电梯nowherenoplace没有地方autumnfall秋天the cinemathe movies电影院angrymad生气的somewheresomeplace某地postmail邮寄dustbintrashcan垃圾mathsmath数学anywhereanyplace任何地方toiletrestroom厕所flatapartment公寓rubbereraser橡皮illsick病的mummom妈妈crispspotato chips马铃薯片revisionreview复习(motor)carautomobile汽车timetableschedule时间表walletbillboard钱夹postmanmailman邮递员taxicab出租车holidayvocation假期sweetcandy糖果van, lorrytruck卡车pursecoin-purse钱包undergroundsubway地铁biscuitcookie甜饼二、语法点拨形容词的比较等级(2)常见句型(详细见课本笔记) A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。一样）He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。A B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与。不一样）They didnt do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。Ive never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。A B 或A B A + V + 比较级 + than + B （比。）Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。表示倍数A + V + twice/four times/ + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的两倍/四倍/）This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。表示程度的递增主语 + V + 比较级+ and+比较级 (越来越) 主语 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (越来越) The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。表示两种情况同时变化The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + ，the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + (越越) The more we get together, the happier well be.=If we get together more, well be happier.我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。The harder you study, the better youll be at English.= If you study harder, youll be better at English.你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。 主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级 + n.(pl.) + in/of (是最之一) Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。 主语+ V。+ the+ 最高级 + in/of (最) Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。 主语+ V。+ the+ 比较级 + of the two (较的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any other +n. (单数) + in (比任何其他的更) 主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in(比任何其他的更)He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.= He is the tallest students in his class.【小试牛刀】1. It is not so_ (hot)today as it was yesterday. 2. Li Lin is not as_ (active)as he used to be. 3. The air pollution is much_ (serious)in our city than in theirs. 4. This is one of the_(delicious)dishes in this restaurant. 5. Judy got the_(many)new ideas of all the students here.【2011湖北黄冈】35. Did Kate do best in the final exam?No, but of all the students she did_ . A. the most careful B. more careful C . most carefully D. more carefully【江西省2011】39. Were doing a lot to protect our environment, but it is not good enough. So we should try_ to look after it.A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. hardly【2011贵州安顺】24. Today is the _ day in my life, because I won the first prize in the competition. Congratulation!A. happyB. happiestC. happierD. much happier【2011襄阳】39. - What do you think of her dancing? -Oh, nobody else does . A. well B. better C. best D. the best三、交际用语谈论学校远近以及到校方式 -How far do you live from your school? About four kilometers. -Do you walk to school? No, I usually take the school bus. I usually walk to school because I like walking. How do you usually go to school?牛津英语8A Unit 2 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1找出；查出；证明find out2英式英语British English3美式英语American English4在八年级in Year 8 = in Grade 8 = in 8th grade5一个男女混合型学校a mixed school6如何做饭和缝纫how to cook and sew7如何为我自己做事how to do things for myself8如何做健康又美味的饭how to cook healthy and tasty meals9读书周a reading week 10每节课快要结束的时候near the end of the each class11上驾驶课have a driving lesson (单)/ have driving lessons(复)12也as well = too13（学生)上课have lessons（教师）给（某人）上课give (sb.) lessons14开车送某人去上学drive sb. to school15一周两次twice a week16开心地做某事have a great/good time doing sth.=have (lots of) fun doing sth.=enjoy oneself doing sth.17与.不同(be) different from = (be) not the same as与.相同(be) the same as18与.大小一样。(be) the same size as . = (be) as big as19与.颜色一样(be) the same color as20在16岁时at age 16 = at the age of 1621因某事而钦佩/羡慕某人admire sb. for sth.22半小时的家庭作业half an hour of homework23穿校服wear school uniform(s)24做早锻炼do morning exercises 25在一边.在另一边.on one side. on the other(side)26比.多more than.比.少fewer(可数名词复数). than.less （不可数名词）.than.27上电视be on TV 28休假两个星期have two weeks off29听流行音乐listen to pop music30暑假summer holiday31在夏季in the summertime = in summer32参加学校组织的旅行go on school trips / go on a school trip33我的理想学校my ideal school34一个有许多有用的书的大图书馆a big library with lots of useful books35步行去上学walk to school = go to school on foot36乘公共汽车去上学take a bus to school = go to school by bus37在午餐时候during lunchtime = at lunchtime38一个亲密的朋友a close friend39朝窗外看look out of the window牛津英语8A Unit 2 基础训练一、重点词组1. 在八年级 _ 2. 一所混合学校_3. 学习如何做某事_ 4. 做健康美味的三餐_5. 不得不 _ 6. 在的末端_7. 也_ 8. 和某人谈论有关某事_9. 在九年级_ 10. 开车带某人到某地_11. 一周两次_ 12. 做某事花费_13. 喜欢某物_ 14. 倾听某人的问题_15. 做某事很愉快 _ 16. 帮助某人做某事_二、句型结构1. I like learning how to cook and sew. how to cook and sew 如何做饭和缝缝补补 when to go to school 什么时候去上学 where to visit 参观哪儿 艾迪不知道晚饭吃什么? Eddie doesnt know _ for supper.2. The reading is always too short because we want to read all our friends books as well. 区分as well / too / also / either并能正确使用和相互转换1) Judy 也是舞蹈俱乐部的成员。Judy is a member of Dancing Club _.Judy is a member of Dancing Club, _.Judy is_ a member of Dancing Club.2) Sandy明天也不会回来。Sandy will not come back tomorrow, _.3. I spend a lot of time practicing. 区分spend / take / cost / pay 1) Bob每天花两个小时的时间看电视。It _ Bob two hours _TV every day.Bob _ two hours _ TV every day. 2）昨天他们花50块钱买这些书的。They _ fifty yuan _ the books yesterday.The books _ them fifty yuan yesterday.三、难点语法 1. 比较两个事物的数量可用：morethan,fewerthanlessthan, 比较两个以上事物的数量时可用：the most,the fewest和the least，其中_,_后面加可数名词，_,_后面加不可数名词,_,_后面既可加可数名词又可加不可数名词。1）Nancy 学习的科目比John多。Nancy studies _ subjects _ John.2) Kitty 的果汁是最少的。Kitty has _ juice.3) 三班的学生在农场摘的苹果最多。The students of Class Three picked _ apples on the farm.4) 孩子们的空余时间比以前更少了。Children have _free time _before. 2. like / alike 通常把_放在句末，把_放在名词或代词之前。 1) 这个男孩像他的父亲。The boy is _ his father. / The boy and his father are _.2) 我的钢笔和你的钢笔是一样的。My pen _ yours. My pen and yours _.牛津英语8A Unit 3 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. in the beginning/at the beginning of基本含义用法辨析in the beginning “起初；开始”通常单独用作时间状语或定语，而较少跟of短语连用at the beginning of “在开头/起初”后接名词，并和名词一起作状语【小试牛刀】1. _ this century, a great many Europeans went to live in the USA.2. _, he wasnt interested in it.2. real/true基本含义用法辨析real “真的”暗指某事物是真实的或货真价实的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的东西true “真实的”暗指与事实、现实或事物的真实状态相一致【小试牛刀】1. Dont lose the necklace. Its made of_gold.2. It is_that you are going to America on business. 3. In his novel, there are several_persons who are still alive now.3. scene /scenery/sight/view基本含义用法辨析scene “场景”指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内scenery “风景”指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色sight “视觉”既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观；其复数形式指名胜、风景view “风景”常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换【小试牛刀】1. The_after the earthquake was horrible2. We passed through some beautiful_on our journey through the Lake District.3. The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking_in the world.4. Youll get a fine_of the town from the top of the hill.4. instead/instead of基本含义用法辨析instead “代替；顶替”常用在句末，说明被代替的人或事物instead of “代替；而不是”后面必须加上所被代替的人或事【小试牛刀】1. Wellhaveteainthegarden_inthehouse.2. We wonthaveteainthehouse. Wellhaveteainthegarden_.3. LastsummerIwenttoQingdao.ThissummerImgoingtoDalian_.二、语法点拨1. 并列句(1) 概念 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or, so等.并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。例如：Hurry up or youll be late. (快点，否则你要迟到了。) (2) 分类 表并列关系：由and, both.and, as well as, not only.but (also), neither.nor等连接。 She not only sings but also dances. 表转折关系：与but, however (然而), while (然而), still, yet等连接。 The film is not perfect, still, its good. 表选择关系：由or, either.or., not.but., or else (否则)等连接。 Take the chance, or else you will regret(后悔) it. 表因果关系：与for, so/so that, therefore (因此)等连接。 Id better take an umb