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外文原文：The new advanced manufacturing technology developmentAbstract : This paper has presented the problems facing todays manufacturing technology, advanced manufacturing discussed in the forefront of science, and a vision for the future development of advanced manufacturing technology. Keyword：Advanced manufacturing technologies; Frontier science; Applications prospectsModern manufacturing is an important pillar of the national economy and overall national strength and its GDP accounted for a general national GDP 20%55%. In the composition of a countrys business productivity, manufacturing technology around 60% of the general role. Experts believe that the various countries in the world economic competition, mainly manufacturing technology competition. Their competitiveness in the production of the final product market share. With the rapid economic and technological development and customer needs and the changing market environment, this competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and that Governments attach great importance to the advanced manufacturing technology research. 1 .Current manufacturing science to solve problemsManufacturing science to solve the current problems focused on the following aspects :(1) Manufacturing systems is a complex systems, and manufacturing systems to meet both agility, rapid response and rapid reorganization of the capacity to learn from the information science, life science and social science interdisciplinary research, and explore new manufacturing system architecture, manufacturing models and manufacturing systems effective operational mechanism. Manufacturing systems optimized organizational structure and good performance is manufacturing system modelling, simulation and optimization of the main objectives. Manufacturing system architecture not only to create new enterprises both agility and responsiveness to the needs and the ability to reorganize significance, but also for the soft production equipment manufacturing enterprises bottom reorganization and dynamic capacity to set higher demands. Biological manufacturing outlook increasingly being introduced to the system to meet new demands manufacturing systems. (2) The rapid rise in support of manufacturing, geometric knowledge sharing has become a modern manufacturing constraints, product development and manufacturing technologies of the key issues. For example, in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) integration, coordinates measurements (CMM) and robotics fields, in 3D real space (3-Real Space), there are a lot of geometric algorithm design and analysis, especially the geometric said, geometric calculation and geometric reasoning; In measurement and robot path planning and parts search spaces (such as Localization), the existence of space C- interspace (configuration space Configuration Space) geometric calculation and geometric reasoning; Objects in operation (rescue, paying and assembly, etc.) means paying more description and robot planning, campaign planning and assembly operations planning is needed in the types of space (Screw Space) geometric reasoning. Manufacturing process of physical and geometric mechanics phenomenon of scientific research to create a geometric calculation and geometric reasoning, and other aspects of the research topic, the theory pending further breakthrough, the new one door disciplines - computer geometric are being increasingly broad and in-depth study. (3) In the modern manufacturing process, information not only manufacturing industries have become dominated the decisive factor, but also the most active ones. Manufacturing information systems to improve throughput of modern manufacturing has become a focus of scientific development. The manufacturing information system organization and structure required to create information access, integration and integration show three-dimensional in nature, measuring the multidimensional nature of the information, and information organizations nature. Information structure models in the manufacturing, manufacturing information consistency constraint, and the dissemination of data processing and the manufacture of enormous knowledge base management, and other areas, there is a need to further breakthroughs.(4) The calculation of the wisdom of artificial intelligence tools and methods in the manufacture of a wide range of applications for manufacturing smart development. Category based on the calculation of biological evolution algorithms smart tools, including activation issues optimize GPS technology portfolio by growing concern is in the manufacture of the complete portfolio optimization problems combined speed and precision of GPS issues both in size constraints. Manufacturing wisdom manifested in the following aspects : wisdom activation, wisdom design, intelligent processing, robotics, intelligent control, intelligent process planning, smart diagnostic, and other aspects. These innovative products are the key theoretical issues, but also by creating a door for a science skills in the important basic issues. The focus in these issues, we can form the basis of product innovation research system. 2. Modern mechanical engineering at the frontiers of science Cross-integration between the different science will produce new scientific gathering, economic development and social progress of science and technology created new demands and expectations, thus creating a frontier science. Frontier science is settled and unsettled issues between the scientific community. Frontier science, with a clear domain, and dynamic character of the area. Works frontier science from the general basic science is an important characteristic of the actual works, it covers the key emerging science and technology issues. Ultrasonic electrical, ultra-high-speed machines, green design and manufacturing, and other fields, and has done a lot of research work, but innovation is the key question is not clear mechanical science. Large complex mechanical system design and performance optimization of product innovation design, smart structures and systems, intelligent robots and their dynamics, nano Mocaxue, manufacturing process 3D numerical simulations and physical simulation, precision and ultra-fine processing technology key basis, about 10 mega large and sophisticated equipment design and manufacturing base, virtual manufacturing and virtual instruments, nanometer measurement and instrumentation, parallel connection axis machine tools, and although the field of micro-electromechanical systems have done a lot of research, but there are still many key science and technology issues to be resolved. Information science, nano science, materials science, life science, management science and manufacturing science of the 21st century will be to change the mainstream science, and the resulting high-tech industry will change the face of the world. Therefore, the above areas of cross-development manufacturing systems and manufacturing informatics, nano manufacturing machinery and nano science, better machinery and better manufacturing science, management science and manufacturing systems will be critical to the 21st century mechanical engineering science is important frontier science. 2.1 Manufacturing science and information science cross - manufacturing informatics Mechanical and electrical products, chemical raw materials in the information. Many modern value added products primarily reflected in the information. Thus the manufacturing process for the acquisition and application of information is very important. Information science and technology is to create an important symbol of globalization and modernization. While the manufacturing technology began to explore product design and manufacturing processes, the nature of the information, on the other hand, to create technology to transform itself to adapt to the new information makes its manufacturing environment. Along with the manufacturing process and manufacturing systems to deepen understanding, researchers are trying to new concepts and approaches to their description and expression to achieve further control and optimization purposes.And manufacturing-related information mainly product information, technical information and information management in this area following major research direction and content : (1) manufacturing information acquisition, processing, storage, transmission and application of knowledge to create information and decision-making transformation. (2) Non-symbols expressing information, manufacturing information enables transmission, manufacturing information management, manufacturing information integrity in a state of non-production decision-making, management of virtual manufacturing, based on the network environment of the design and manufacturing, manufacturing process control and manufacturing systems science. These elements are manufactured in science and the scientific basis for the integration of product information, constitute the manufacture of the new branch of science - to create informatics. 2.2 Micro mechanical and manufacturing technology research Micro-electronic mechanical systems (MEMS) refers to the collection of micro-sensors, micro-devices and the implementation of signal processing and control circuits, interface circuits, communications and power with the integration of micro-electromechanical system integrity. MEMS technology objectives through system miniaturization, to explore a new theory of integration, new functional components and systems. MEMS development will greatly facilitate the pocket of various products, miniaturization, a number of devices and systems to enhance the level of functional density, information density and Internet density, significantly saving, thin section. Not only can it reduce the cost of mechanical and electrical systems, but also to be completed and the size of many large systems impossible task. For example, using sophisticated 5m diameter micro tweezers walls are made of a red blood cell can; Created to keep the cars 3mm size; In the magnetic field, like butterflies flying size aircraft. MEMS technology has opened up a completely new technology areas and industries, with many traditional sensors incomparable advantages in manufacturing, aerospace, transportation, telecommunications, agriculture, biomedical, environmental monitoring, military, families, and access to almost all areas have very broad application prospects. Micro machinery is machinery and electronic technology in nano-scale technology integration photogenic product. Back in 1959 scientists have raised the idea of micro-mechanical and micro-1962, the first silicon pressure sensors. 1987 California University of California Berkeley developed rotor diameter of the silicon micro-60120 16ug m electrostatic electric motors, show produced using silicon micro-machining small movable structures and compatible with IC manufacturing micro system potential. Micro-mechanical technology might like 20th century microelectronics technology, the technology of the world in the 21st century, economic development and national defense building a tremendous impact. Over the past 10 years, the development of micro-mechanical spectacular. Its characteristics are as follows : a considerable number of micro-components (micro structure, the implementation of micro-sensors and micro-machines, etc.) and micro-systems research success reflects the current and potential applications of value; The development of micro-manufacturing technology, particularly semiconductor processing technology have become small micro systems support technology; micro-electromechanical systems research needs of the interdisciplinary research team, micro-electromechanical systems technology in the development of microelectronics technology on the basis of multidisciplinary cross-frontier area of research, involving electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, materials engineering, physics, chemistry and biomedical engineering and other technical and scientific. The current micro-mechanical systems under the conditions of the campaign laws, the physical characteristics and micro components of the role of the mechanics payload acts lack adequate understanding is not yet in a theoretical basis for a micro-system design theory and methodology, and therefore can By experience and test methods research. Micro-mechanical systems, the existence of key scientific research issues of micro-scale system effects, physical properties and biochemical characteristics. Micro-system research are in the eve of a breakthrough, which is the in-depth study of the area. 2.3 Material produced / manufactured parts integration of new technologies for processing. Material is a milestone in the progress of mankind, is the manufacturing and high-tech development. Every important to the success of the production and application of new materials, will promote the material and the promotion of national economic strength and military strength. 21, the world will be resource consumption-based economy to a knowledge-based industrial transformation for materials and parts and functions of a high performance, intelligent features; Request materials and components designed to achieve quantitative-based and digitized; Prepare materials and components for the rapid, efficient and achieve both integration and integrated. Digital materials and components designed to be a simulation and optimization of materials and components to achieve high quality production / manufacturing and other integration, integrated manufacturing key. On the one hand, to be completed through computer simulation optimization can reduce the material is produced in the course of manufacture of spare parts and experimental links to the best craft programmes, materials and components to achieve high quality production / manufacturing; On the other hand, according to the requirements of different material properties, such as flexible modules volume, thermal expansion coefficient, magnetic performance, Research materials and components designed form. And the removal of traditional materials-manufacturing technology, and increase the level of information technology, the research group of synthetic materials is a process technology. Forming materials and components manufacture digital theory, technology and methods, such as rapid adoption of emerging technologies material growing principles, a breakthrough in the traditional law and to build law mechanical deformation processing many restrictions, no processing tools or dies, can rapidly create arbitrary complex shape and has a certain function 3D models or entity parts. 2.4 machinery manufacturing breakthrough The 21st century will be the century of life science, mechanical and life sciences depth integration will generate new concept products (such as better intelligence structure), to develop a new process (such as the growth processes shape) and the opening of new industries and to resolve product design, manufacturing processes and systems provide a series of problems new solutions. This is a highly innovative and leading edge area in the challenge. Earths biological evolution in the long accumulated fine qualities of human manufacturing activities to address the various problems with examples and guidelines. Learning from life phenomena organizations operating complex systems and methods and techniques, manufacturing is the future solution to the current problems facing many an efficient way. Better manufacturing refers to the replication of biological organs from organizations, since healing, self growth and evolution since the function of the model structure and operation of a manufacturing system and manufacturing process. If the manufacturing process mechanization, automation extends human physical and intelligent extension of the human intellectual, then create better may be said to extend its own organizational structure and human evolution process. Gene involved in the manufacture of biological science is the self-organization mechanism and its application in manufacturing systems. The so-called self-organization refers to a system in its internal mechanism driven by the organizational structure and operation mode learning, thereby enhancing the capacity for environmental adaptation process. Create better since the organization bottom-up mechanism for parallel product design and manufacturing processes of automatic generation, the dynamics of production systems and manufacturing systems and products more automatic a theoretical foundation and achieve superior conditions. Create a better manufacturing and life sciences far edge hybrid of the 21st century manufacturing will have an enormous impact. Create better research content is twofold : 2.4.1 To create better lives Research lives of the general phenomenon of the law and models, such as artificial life, cellular automatic machines, biological information processing skills, biological wisdom, biological-based organizational structure and mode of operation and the evolution of biological mechanisms and getting better; 2.4.2 Oriented manufacturing breakthrough manufacturing Research organizations better manufacturing systems since the mechanisms and methods, for example : based on full information-sharing breakthrough design principles, multi-discipline modules based on the distributed control and coordination mechanism based on the evolution of an excellent strategy; Study the concept of creating better system and its basis, such as : the formalization described space and better information shine upon relations better system and its evolution of complexity measurement methods. Machinery manufacturing is better and better mechanical science and life science, information science, materials science disciplines such as high integration, the study includes growth formative processes, better design and manufacturing systems, mechanical and biological wisdom better shape manufacturing. Currently doing research mostly forward exploratory work, with distinct characteristics of the basic research, if the research continues to seize opportunities that might arise revolutionary breakthroughs. Future research should concern areas of biological processing technology, better manufacturing system, based on rapid prototype manufacturing engineering technology organizations, as well as biological engineering related key technical basis. 3. Modern manufacturing technology trends Since the beginning of the 1990s, the nations of the world have manufacturing technology research and development as a national priority for the development of key technologies, such as the United States advanced manufacturing technology plan AMTP, Japan wisdom manufacturing technology (IMS) international cooperation schemes, Korea senior national plan of modern technology (G-7), Germany plans to manufacture 2000 and the EC Esprit and BRITE-EURAM plan. With the electronics, information, the constant development of new and high technologies, market demand individuality and diversity, the future of modern manufacturing technology to the overall development trends of the sophisticated, flexible, and networked, virtual and intelligent, green integrated, globalization direction. Current trends in modern manufacturing technology has the following nine areas : (1) Information technology, management techniques and technology closely integrated technology, modern production model will be continuous development. (2) Design techniques and more modern means. (3) Shaped and manufacture of sophisticated technology and manufacturing processes to achieve longer. (4) The formation of new special processing methods. (5) Development of a new generation of ultra-sophisticated, ultra-high-speed manufacturing equipment. (6) Machining skills development for the engineering sciences. (7) Implementation of clean green manufacturing. (8)The widespread application of virtual reality technology to the manufacturing sector. (9) To create people-oriented.译文：先进制造技术的新发展摘要：本文介绍了当今制造技术面临的问题，论述了先进制造的前沿科学，并展望了先进制造技术的发展前景。 关键词：问题；先进制造技术；前沿科学；应用前景 制造业是现代国民经济和综合国力的重要支柱，其生产总值一般占一个国家国内生产总值的20%55%。在一个国家的企业生产力构成中，制造技术的作用一般占60%左右。专家认为，世界上各个国家经济的竞争，主要是制造技术的竞争。其竞争能力最终体现在所生产的产品的市场占有率上。随着经济技术的高速发展以及顾客需求和市场环境的不断变化，这种竞争日趋激烈，因而各国政府都非常重视对先进制造技术的研究。1.当前制造科学要解决的问题 当前制造科学要解决的问题主要集中在以下几方面：（1）制造系统是一个复杂的大系统，为满足制造系统敏捷性、快速响应和快速重组的能力，必须借鉴信息科学、生命科学和社会科学等多学科的研究成果，探索制造系统新的体系结构、制造模式和制造系统有效的运行机制。制造系统优化的组织结构和良好的运行状况是制造系统建模、仿真和优化的主要目标。制造系统新的体系结构不仅对制造企业的敏捷性和对需求的响应能力及可重组能力有重要意义，而且对制造企业底层生产设备的柔性和可动态重组能力提出了更高的要求。生物制造观越来越多地被引入制造系统，以满足制造系统新的要求。（2）为支持快速敏捷制造，几何知识的共享已成为制约现代制造技术中产品开发和制造的关键问题。例如在计算机辅助设计与制造(CADCAM)集成、坐标测量(CMM)和机器人学等方面，在三维现实空间(3-RealSpace)中，都存在大量的几何算法设计和分析等问题，特别是其中的几何表示、几何计算和几何推理问题；在测量和机器人路径规划及零件的寻位(如Localization)等方面，存在C-空间(配置空间ConfigurationSpace)的几何计算和几何推理问题；在物体操作(夹持、抓取和装配等)描述和机器人多指抓取规划、装配运动规划和操作规划方面则需要在旋量空间(ScrewSpace)进行几何推理。制造过程中物理和力学现象的几何化研究形成了制造科学中几何计算和几何推理等多方面的研究课题，其理论有待进一步突破，当前一门新学科-计算机几何正在受到日益广泛和深入的研究。（3）在现代制造过程中，信息不仅已成为主宰制造产业的决定性因素，而且还是最活跃的驱动因素。提高制造系统的信息处理能力已成为现代制造科学发展的一个重点。由于制造系统信息组织和结构的多层次性，制造信息的获取、集成与融合呈现出立体性、信息度量的多维性、以及信息组织的多层次性。在制造信息的结构模型、制造信息的一致性约束、传播处理和海量数据的制造知识库管理等方面，都还有待进一步突破。（4）各种人工智能工具和计算智能方法在制造中的广泛应用促进了制造智能的发展。一类基于生物进化算法的计算智能工具，在包括调度问题在内的组合优化求解技术领域中，受到越来越普遍的关注，有望在制造中完成组合优化问题时的求解速度和求解精度方面双双突破问题规模的制约。制造智能还表现在：智能调度、智能设计、智能加工、机器人学、智能控制、智能工艺规划、智能诊断等多方面。 这些问题是当前产品创新的关键理论问题，也是制造由一门技艺上升为一门科学的重要基础性问题。这些问题的重点突破，可以形成产品创新的基础研究体系。2.现代机械工程的前沿科学 不同科学之间的交叉融合将产生新的科学聚集，经济的发展和社会的进步对科学技术产生了新的要求和期望，从而形成前沿科学。前沿科学也就是已解决的和未解决的科学问题之间的界域。前沿科学具有明显的时域、领域和动态特性。工程前沿科学区别于一般基础科学的重要特征是它涵盖了工程实际中出现的关键科学技术问题。超声电机、超高速切削、绿色设计与制造等领域，国内外已经做了大量的研究工作，但创新的关键是机械科学问题还不明朗。大型复杂机械系统的性能优化设计和产品创新设计、智能结构和系统、智能机器人及其动力学、纳米摩擦学、制造过程的三维数值模拟和物理模拟、超精度和微细加工关键工艺基础、大型和超大型精密仪器装备的设计和制造基础、虚拟制造和虚拟仪器、纳米测量及仪器、并联轴机床、微型机电系统等领域国内外虽然已做了不少研究，但仍有许多关键科学技术问题有待解决。 信息科学、纳米科学、材料科学、生命科学、管理科学和制造科学将是改变21世纪的主流科学，由此产生的高新技术及其产业将改变世界的面貌。因此，与以上领域相交叉发展的制造系统和制造信息学、纳米机械和纳米制造科学、仿生机械和仿生制造学、制造管理科学和可重构制造系统等会是21世纪机械工程科学的重要前沿科学。2.1制造科学与信息科学的交叉-制造信息科学 机电产品是信息在原材料上的物化。许多现代产品的价值增值主要体现在信息上。因此制造过程中信息的获取和应用十分重要。信息化是制造科学技术走向全球化和现代化的重要标志。人们一方面对制造技术开始探索产品设计和制造过程中的信息本质，另一方面对制造技术本身加以改造，以使得其适应新的信息化制造环境。随着对制造过程和制造系统认识的加深，研究者们正试图以全新的概念和方式对其加以描述和表达，以进一步达到实现控制和优化的目的。 与制造有关的信息主要有产品信息、工艺信息和管理信息，这一领域有如下主要研究方向和内容：(1)制造信息的获取、处理、存储、传递和应用，大量制造信息向知识和决策转化。(2)非符号信息的表达、制造信息的保真传递、制造信息的管理、非完整制造信息状态下的生产决策、虚拟管理制造、基于网络环境下的设计和制造、制造过程和制造系统中的控制科学问题。 这些内容是制造科学和信息科学基础融合的产物，构成了制造科学中的新分支-制造信息学。2.2微机械及其制造技术研究 微型电子机械系统(MEMS)，是指集微型传感器、微型执行器以及信号处理和控制电路、接口电路、通信和电源于一体的完整微型机电系统。MEMS技术的目标是通过系统的微型化、集成化来探索具有新原理、新功能的元件和系统。MEMS的发展将极大地促进各类产品的袖珍化、微型化，成数量级的提高器件与系统的功能密度、信息密度与互联密度，大幅度地节能、节材。它不仅可以降低机电系统的成本，而且还可以完成许多大尺寸机电系统无法完成的任务。例如用尖端直径为5m的微型镊子可以夹起一个红细胞；制造出3mm大小能够开动的小汽车；可以在磁场中飞行的像蝴蝶大小的飞机等。MEMS技术的发展开辟了技术全新的领域和产业，具有许多传统传感器无法比拟的优点，因此在制造业、航空、航天、交通、通信、农业、生物
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