2019高考英语二轮复习专题1阅读理解考点2推理判断题素能强化.docx

推理判断题真题题组A(2017全国，B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theaters 75year history. This time，however，the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end. The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theaters location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，”he said. “ Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses. ”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. The theater audience said goodbye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. 文章大意：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及市民对它的不舍之情。In what way was yesterdays cleanup at the Plaza special？ _B_AIt made room for new equipment. BIt signaled the closedown of the theater. CIt was done with the help of the audience. DIt marked the 75th anniversary of the theate. 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段的最后一句“As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end”可推断出，工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭作准备。故选B。Why was The Last Picture Show put on？ _D_AIt was an alltime classic. BIt was about the history of the town. CThe audience requested it. DThe theater owner found it suitable. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了The Last Picture Show这部电影，因为他认为这部电影很适合。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项的“suitable”都表示“合适的”。故选D。What will probably happen to the building？ _C_AIt will be repaired. BIt will be turned into a museum. CIt will be knocked down. DIt will be sold to the city government. 解析：考查推理判断。第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。What can we infer about the audience？ _B_AThey are disappointed with Bradford. BThey are sad to part with the old theater. CThey are supportive of the city officials. DThey are eager to have a shopping center. 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building”可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电影，想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句“The theater will be missed”可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不舍，与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。故选B。B(2017全国，C)After years of heated debate，gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year，the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populationsmajor food sources(来源) for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence ofwolves，coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes，and completely drove away the parks beavers. As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The US. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。在争议了几年之后黄石国家公园终于把灰狼重新引入公园，以保持公园内生态的平衡。What is the text mainly about？ _D_AWildlife research in the United States. BPlant diversity in the Yellowstone area. CThe conflict between farmers and gray wolves. DThe reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 解析：考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等，故选D。What does the underlined word“ displaced” in paragraph 2 mean？ _C_ATested. BSeparated. CForced out. DTracked down. 解析：考查词义猜测。由第二段第一句话可知，曾经黄石公园里有灰狼，下文提到但后来由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意为“被迫离开”，故选C。What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？ _A_ADamage to local ecology. BA decline in the parks income. CPreservation of vegetation. DAn increase in the variety of animals. 解析：考查推理判断。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的数量快速增长，消耗了大量的植被，减少了植物种类同时丛林狼的数量增多，园内很多的红狐被猎杀，而河狸也完全消失了，由此推断出灰狼的消失对公园内的生态环境产生了损害。故选A。What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ _B_ADoubtful. BPositive. CDisapproving. DUncaring. 解析：考查观点态度。根据第五段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B。C(2017北京，C)Measles(麻疹)，which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing antivaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year，115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected. This is called“ herd immunity”，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，NY. ，where a 17yearold caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免)，sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions？ Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the lifesaving benefits vaccines provide，but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹卷土重来。究其原因，是少数人拒绝注射疫苗，导致了自己及其他人的健康受损。作者呼吁人人都应该注射麻疹疫苗。The first two paragraphs suggest that _A_. Aa small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendBthe outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionCantivaccine movement has its medical reasonsDinformation about measles spreads quickly解析：考查推理判断。根据前两段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend”可知，少量的麻疹病例却能引起危险的趋势。故选A。Herd immunity works well when _C_. Aexemptions are allowed Bseveral vaccines are used togetherCthe whole neighborhood is involved inDnew regulations are added to the state laws解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in”可知，只有在大家都参加疫苗接种的情况下群体免疫力才有作用。故选C。What is the main reason for the comeback of measles？ _D_AThe overuse of vaccine. BThe lack of medical care. CThe features of measles itself. DThe vaccine optouts of some people. 解析：考查推理判断。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段和第六段中的“Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten”可知，麻疹死灰复燃的主要原因是一些人不参加疫苗接种。故选D。What is the purpose of the passage？ _C_ATo introduce the idea of exemption. BTo discuss methods to cure measles. CTo stress the importance of vaccination. DTo appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 解析：考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的“Everyone enjoy the lifesaving benefits vaccines provide，but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks”并结合文中所述的麻疹死灰复燃的事实可知，作者的目的是强调麻疹疫苗接种的重要性。故选C。D(2018浙江，A)In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages；the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors，often with something like “By a lady. ” Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad. In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twist to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories，literature is a numbers game，and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age，from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches，it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century？ _C_AThey were difficult to understand. BThey were popular among the rich. CThey were seen as nearly worthless. DThey were written mostly by women. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad. ”可知，那时多半的小说被认为是没头没脑的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故C项“它们被认为几乎是没有价值的”与原文相符。Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress _D_. Ahis reputation in FranceBhis interest in modern artChis success in publicationDhis importance in literature解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. ”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售蒙娜丽莎的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。What is the authors purpose in writing the text？ _A_ATo remember a great writer. BTo introduce an English novel. CTo encourage studies on culture. DTo promote values of the Victorian age. 解析：作者意图题。文章介绍了查尔斯狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获此殊荣的，以此来纪念查尔斯狄更斯这位伟大作家。B、C、D三项以偏概全，B项“介绍一本英国小说”、C项“鼓励研究文化”以及D项“倡导维多利亚时代的价值观”，这些都不是作者写本文的目的。E(2018全国，D)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices，however，we didnt throw out our old ones. “The livingroom television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So whats the solution (解决方案)？The teams data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，过时的旧设备比新设备要消耗更多的能源，因此从环保的角度来看，我们应及时更新设备。16What does the author think of new devices？ _A_AThey are environmentfriendly. BThey are no better than the old. CThey cost more to use at home. DThey go out of style quickly. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“. . . these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. ”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，也就是说新的设备更环保。B、C两项颠倒是非，新设备更环保，所以显然比旧设备好，而且新设备消耗更少的能源，花费就更少。D项无中生有，文中没有提到新设备很快就过时。17Why did Babbitts team conduct the research？ _D_ATo reduce the cost of minerals. BTo test the life cycle of a product. CTo update consumers on new technology. DTo find out electricity consumption of the devices. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To figure out how much power these devices are using. . . ”可知，Babbitt和她的同事们进行这项研究的目的是弄清这些设备的用电量。A、B两项曲解文意，第二段中的tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device是说开展这项研究所使用的方法是追踪每个产品从矿产开采到人们停止使用整个周期内的环境成本，而不是说研究目的是“降低矿产成本”和“检测产品的生命周期”。C项无中生有，文中没有提到“向消费者提供新技术的最新信息”。18Which of the following uses the least energy？ _B_AThe boxset TV. BThe tablet. CThe LCD TV. DThe desktop computer. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. ”可知，在平板电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐节目，而不是看电视和台式电脑，看平板电脑可以将能耗降低44%，由此可知，平板电脑消耗最少的能源。19What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？ _A_AStop using them. BTake them apart. CUpgrade them. DRecycle them. 解析：推理判断题。文章通过科学家的研究表明，过时的旧电子设备会消耗更多的能源，由此推知，文章建议人们停止使用旧电子设备。B、C两项无中生有，文中没有提到把旧电子设备拆开，也没有提到将旧电子设备升级。D项曲解文意，回收利用电子设备是人们的常规做法，并不是文章建议的做法。模拟题组A(2018合肥二模)In todays society，language plays a key role in defining gender(性别) by vocabulary，and also the nonverbal (非语言的) vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women. Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men； this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are，and also have the ability to speak more clearly，precisely，and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting，as opposed to the thirteenminute average it took men to describe it. Men and women also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating，which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Mens body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other peoples body space while talking，and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoy