Unit11文化与汉英翻译.ppt

中国文化与汉英翻译 Unit 11,教学目的要求：了解中国文化及其翻译。 教学重点：了解如何翻译典型的中国文化的篇章。 教学难点：中国文化中的有关专有名词。,Part I. 语言与文化,文化是人类在认识世界和改造客观世界的社会活动中相互联系、相互影响、相互作用时建立起来的，是一个社会的物质文明和精神文明的总和。,文化与语言的关系,语言与文化相辅相成，语言是文化的重要组成部分，也是文化赖以传播的物质表达形式。（李运兴) 语言和文化共生，共存。（游汝杰) Language is a substantial but partial reflection of a culture. (Newmark, 1991:73),Part II. 文化的处理模式,1.文化直入（the Go-ahead Model）-源语文化表达形式直接进入译文。 采用音译或直译: 阴阳（yin and yang），旗袍 (qipao, cheongsam)，气功(qigong)，开放 (kaifang)，江湖(jianghu) 直译如：hot-dog （热狗）五讲四美 five stresses and four points of beauty,2. 文化阻断(the Block Model)源语文化表达形式消失，文化意义没有进入译入语语篇。,主要是自谦语： 鄙人（I），贱内(my wife)，浅谈(on),3.文化诠释(the Annotation Model)-为源语文化表达形式提供文化语境信息。 炒锅：开始翻译成round-bottomed frying pan - frying wok,4. 文化融合（the Integration Model）源语文化表达形式与译语表达形式融合，以一种新语言形式进入译语。,如： 卡拉OK/CD机/X光片/GRE考试/GDP增长速度/干红中干源于英语dry, 表示 not sweet,5.文化归化(the Adaptation Model) -源语表达形式略去,代之以译语的形式，源语文化意义丧失。 例：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.,Part III 译例分析,春节，又称农历新年，它是中国最重大的传统节日。时间通常在一月底，二月初，象征着一年辛劳后，冬春之交的休息和放松，也象征了喜庆。,The Spring Festival, also known as the Lunar New Year, is the greatest traditional festival in China. It is usually a time between late January or early February, which means rest and relaxation between winter and spring after a years toil, and means celebration as well.,春节前，人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴大红对联、放鞭炮。据传说，这样做是为了驱赶一个叫“年”的魔鬼。除夕之夜，一大家子定会在一起会餐，最受欢迎的主食是饺子，人们认为它能带来好运吉祥。,Before the Spring Festival, people clean their houses, put red couplets on their gates, and set off firecrackers, according to fairy tales, for driving a demon named Nian away. On the eve of the Spring Festival, a get-together banquet is a must, and the most popular food is Jiaozi, which is supposed to bring good fortune.,在新年的第一天，每人都穿上新衣服，走亲访友并且鞠躬祝福，为的是新年能有好运气。,On the first day of the new year, everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and congratulations wishing each other the best during the new year.,春节的有关词汇,过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival 对联 poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry 春联 Spring Festival couplets 剪纸 paper-cuts,春节的有关词汇,年画 New Year paintings 买年货 special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping 敬酒 propose a toast 灯笼 lantern: a portable light,春节的有关词汇,烟花 Fireworks 爆竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.) 红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.),春节的有关词汇,舞狮 lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.) 舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests) 戏曲 traditional opera 杂耍 variety show,春节的有关词汇,灯谜 riddles written on lanterns 灯会 exhibit of lanterns 守岁 staying-up 拜年 pay New Years call; give New Years greetings; New Years visit,春节的有关词汇,禁忌 taboo 去晦气 get rid of the ill-fortune 祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to ones ancestors 压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar New Year gift,春节的有关词汇,辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year 扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning 年糕 Nian-gao; rice cake; New Year cake 团圆饭 family reunion dinner,春节的有关词汇,年夜饭 the dinner on New Years Eve 饺子 Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli 汤圆 Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings,中国传统节日,春节(农历正月初一) the Spring Festival （New Years Day of the Chinese lunar calendar） 元宵节 (灯节) (农历正月十五) the Lantern Festival 清明节(四月五日前后) the Qingming Festival,中国传统节日,端午节(农历五月初五) the Dragon-Boat Festival 中秋节(农历八月十五) the Mid-Autumn Festival （the Moon Festival） 重阳节(农历九月初九) the Double-Ninth Day 情人节(农历七月初七) the Double-Seventh Day,Exercise：译例分析2,中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族，结婚仪式都很复杂。,China is a large country with 56 nationalities. Different nationalities have different marriage customs, but whatever the nationality is, the wedding ceremony is usually very complicated.,传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤，它们是：说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此外，如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行：在一对新人订婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。,The traditional Chinese marriage usually involves 6 necessary procedures, namely: match-making, engagement, betrothal presents, meeting the bride, three bows, and drinking wedlock wine. In addition, a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this: when a new couple is engaged, what followed is a choice of the date of their marriage.,大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过，有一些人，尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这样就是双喜临门了。,Most people would favor a bank holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends to attend the wedding. However, quite a few others, especially those in the countryside, would probably ask a fortune-teller for a lucky date(usually an even number)so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”.,婚礼庆典很隆重，最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝愿新人“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。”以及早生贵子等等。,The wedding ceremony is usually presided warmly, and the wedding ceremony very often ends with a very extravagant banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, eternal love and happiness, early birth of a healthy baby and so on.,关于结婚,结婚典礼 wedding ceremony 结婚纪念日 wedding anniversary 新娘 bride 新郎 bridegroom or groom 主婚人 officiator 牧师 pastor 伴郎 groomsman 伴娘 bridesmaid 蜜月 honeymoon,评介下面译文，并予以改进,“诸位记者！” 他咳嗽了声，站了起来。但是那些正在谈笑的招待对象，并未注意他的动作。连坐在附近的官方记者也没有特别的反应。,“Reporters!” He coughed and stood up. These who were invited were only chattering and laughing without paying any attention to his gesture. Even the governmental reporters sitting nearby failed to make special response.,David Camerons inaugural speech,HER MAJESTY the queen has asked me to form a new government and I have accepted。Before I talk about that new government, let me say something about the one that has just passed. Compared with a decade ago, this country is more open at home and more compassionate abroad, and that is something we should all be grateful for。,On behalf of the whole country Id like to pay tribute to the outgoing prime minister, for his long record of dedicated public service。In terms of the future, our country has a hung parliament where no party has an overall majority and we have some deep and pressing problems a huge deficit, deep social problems and a political system in need of reform。,For those reasons, I aim to form a proper and full coalition between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. I believe that is the right way to provide this country with the strong, the stable, the good and decent government that I think we need so badly。,Nick Clegg and I are both political leaders who want to put aside party differences and work hard for the common good and for the national interest. I believe that is the best way to get the strong government that we need, decisive government that we need today。,I came into politics because I love this country, I think its best days still lie ahead and I believe deeply in public service. And I think the service our country needs right now is to face up to our really big challenges, to confront our problems, to take difficult decisions, to lead people through those difficult decisions, so that together we can reach better times ahead。,One of the tasks that we clearly have is to rebuild trust in our political system. Yes, thats about cleaning up expenses; yes, thats about reforming parliament; and yes, its about making sure people are in control and that the politicians are always their servants and never their masters。,But I believe its also something else. Its about being honest about what government can achieve. Real change is not what government can do on its own. Real change is when everyone pulls together, comes together, works together, when we all exercise our responsibilities to ourselves, to our families, to our communities and to others。,And I want to help build a more responsible society here in Britain, one where we dont just ask what are my entitlements? but what are my responsibilities?. One where we dont just ask what am I just owed? but more what can I give?. And a guide for that society, that those who can, should, and those who cant, we will always help。,I want to make sure that my government always looks after the elderly, the frail, the poores