专转本英语语法主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致,Agreement,主谓一致 主谓一致就是谓语与主语在人称和数上保持一致, 即主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词采取相应的形式. 主谓一致有三种形式:语法(形式)一致;概念一致(语言内容上一致); 就近原则.,问题1： When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,这个句子看上去是and连接的两个并列短语充当主语，本应用复数形式的谓语，但这两个短语表达的是同一事件的两个方面，可以看成是一个整体，因此使用单数的谓语动词；而从句意可判断此句谓语动词需使用被动语态，,归纳一： 1两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数 Tom and Dick are good friends. 但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。 A singer and dancer was present at the party. The worker and writer is talking to the students。 Bread and butter tastes good. 类似的表达式有： ( a needle and thread, a horse and cart, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure),2用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。 No bird and no beast is seen in the bare island. Many a boy and many a girl has made such a funny experiment. At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present. 3. 如果 and 后面加 no 或 not, 谓语也用单数形式， My friend, and not hers, is chosen to join the army. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.,问题2： A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift . A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered,主语后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致 A professor, together with some students, was sent to help in the work. No one but the teachers is allowed to use the room.,问题3： Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be,以连词or, eitheror , neither nor, there be, not onlybut also 连接的复合主语，其谓语与其相邻的那个名词的数保持一致。 Eg. You or I am to be invited.,问题4： Nobody but Jane _the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known,either, neither, each, every 或no + 单数名词和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词都作单数看待。 Each of us has a new pen . Everything around us is matter.,问题5： The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons . A. were, was B. was , was C. was, were D. were; were.,a number of 表示“很多”的意思，修饰可数名词的复数。The number of表示“数量，号码”作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。,问题6： _ of the southern hemisphere (南半球) _ with water. A. Four-five; is covered B. Four-fifths; is covered C. Four-fifth, are covered D. Four-fifths, are covered.,由“a lot of , (lots of, plenty of, the rest of ) +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 Three-fourths of the surface is sea .,问题7： All but one_here just now . A. is B .was C. have been D. were,what, who, which, any, more, most, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要依意思而定。 Which is your pen ? 哪是你的笔？ Which are your pens? 哪些是你们的笔？ B) All can be done has been done . All have gone to the park .,问题8： He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been,who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.,问题9： Mathematics _ the language of science. A. is B. are going to be C. are,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如“mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, 等，形式上为复数，实际为单数，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 另外：复数名词用作书，电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时，谓语动词用单数。 His “selected Poems”_ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been,问题10 His family _ all football fans. A. is B. has been C. are being D. are,一些集体名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数但people, police, cattle等只能用复数 My family is a big family. My family are listening to the radio. The police are trying to catch the thief.,问题11 The rich _ not always happy. A. is B. has C. have D. are,形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。 What a life the poor were living! The young are happy to give their seats to the old.,问题12 1. Growing vegetables _ constant watering. A. need B. are needed C. is needed D. needs 2. What I say and think _ no business of yours. A. is B. are C. were D. both A and B,当动名词短语、不定式短语和从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如果用 and 连接两个从句或短语作主语，则需看是表示一个整体还是不同的两件事。题（2）中的 “What I say and think” 既可理解为同一件事也可理解为不同的两个动作。 （注意：从句作主语时有时需根据表语来定。）,A:单数主语，单个动词不定式，动名词短语以及从句作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式复数主语，用and或bothand连接的动词不定式，动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 Eg: The game was very excited. Standing steadily on a moving bus is not easy. Whether well start depends on the weather. Many natural materials are becoming scare. Both you and I are students. What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.,注意：1.当and连接表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数. The Party secretary and headmaster has come back. The Party secretary and the headmaster have come back. The bread and butter is on the table. The bread and the butter are on the table. 此类表示同一概念的，即整体或配套的事物或表示兼职或有多个称呼的人；两个完全重合的概念并列以示强调 Eg: bread and butter 奶油面包 iron and steel works 钢铁厂 law and order 治安 soup and salad 汤与凉拌菜 a watch and chain 一块带链的表,knife and fork 刀叉 a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣 a cart and horse 一辆马车 aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚 capacity and efficiency 效能 love and affection 情感 the wear and tear 磨损；消耗 但是：husband and wife/father and son/sister and brother 则为复数,2.eachand each; eachand; everyand every; everyand.; noand no; many aand many a Each man and each woman is asked to hand in a paper. Every boy and (every) girl is treated in the same way. 3.What引导的主语从句其后如接表语，则谓语动词视其表语而定 Eg: What we need is more time. What we need are more workers. 但是：What attracts the policeman is footmarks in the sand.,4. One apple and a half is on the plate. One house and a half has been blown down. 但是：One and a half apples are on the plate. One and a half houses have been blown down. B.由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, no less than, as much as 等连接的 即A+介词（短语）+B形式，谓语动词与A即介词（短语）前的名词保持一致 My father, as well as my brothers is an engineer. The man, together with his wife and children was sitting there watching TV. Nobody but Mary and Ton knows the secret.,C: 由either, neither, each, one, the other, another. anybody, anyone, anything, something, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 Neither of the books is correct. Each of the books costs $5. Somebody is using the phone. Everything around us is matter. 注意：The books each cost $5. D: 百分数，分数,half of, plenty of, most of, (a) part of, a lot of, lots of, all of, some of, none of, the majority of+名词，谓语动词与后面的名词保持一致 Half of this building is to be completed by spring. Half of the buildings were built by this company.,There is plenty of water in the bottle,. There are plenty of eggs in the box. All of the research work was designed by the engineer. All of the students are against the plan. E:由some, all, most, the rest, the left作主语时，根据主语的意义 All are here. All is clear.,F:由 a kind of; this kind of; many kinds of 以及名词of this kind of a kind等由与kind 意义相似的type, sort等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of 前的名词保持一致 ）A new type of machine is on show now. Machines of this new type are made in Shanghai. This kind of apples is highly priced. Apples of this kind are highly priced.,G: more than one, many a 谓语动词用单数 e.g: More than one answer is written on the blackboard. Many a student is discussing the problem. 但是 More than two persons were injured in the fight. Many students are discussing the problem. H: 表示成双成套的名词如：trousers , shoes, glasses, compasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但是这类名词如与pair连用时，谓语动词取决于pair的形式 His black trousers are too long. Your glasses are on your nose. This pair of shoes is too small. These pairs of trousers are strangelooking.,I: means, works(工厂) 作主语时，谓语动词用单数；但是如果指复数意义时，谓语动词用复数Works表著作意思时，一般谓语动词用复数 A chemical works is being built now. Two chemical works are being built now. Every means has been tried. All means have been tried. His works have been translated into several foreign languages. J: a quantity of +不可数可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式 quantities of + 可数不可数名词时，谓语动词用复 数形式 Great quantities of milk are needed in this city. A great quantity of milk is here.,K: 表示时间，重量， 长度，价值的复数名词作主语，若看作整体，谓语用单数 Three years is a long time. Two thousand dollars is not enough. Five hundred miles is a long way. L: 定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语与先行词一致 He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.,M: 集合名词的主谓一致 集合名词如：family, team, class, group, government, court, committee, population, audience 等作主语时,若作为整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调成员用复数 The family is going to move to Shanghai and now the family are carrying furniture. Our class is a good one. Our class are having a meeting. N: the + adj 或分词作主语时，指一类人或事物通常用 复数但是当指“某个人”或“抽象的事物”时，用单数. The English speak English. The rich become richer while the poor are poorer. The deceased was his father. 去世的是他父亲 The good is beautiful, but the beautiful is not always good.,O: 表示总称意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义却是复 数，谓语动词要用复数（people, police, cattle等） Cattle were raised in the village commonly. The police are searching for a tall man with a beard. P: a an +单数名词+or two，谓语一般用单数 one or two +复数名词，谓语动词一般用复数 Only a word or two is needed. One or two reasons were suggested. Q: 国家，单位和书报名称，作为单一概念，谓语动词用单数. War and Peace is the longest book Ive read. General Motors has recently closed down a plant. 通用公司最近关闭了一家工厂,：在加减乘除算式中，谓语动词通常用单数，但加和乘也有用复数 Two plus two is are four. = Two added to two is are four. Twenty divided by five is four. Five Multiplied by four is are twenty =Five times four is are twenty. Five minus three is two. S: 强调句的主谓一致，谓语与被强调部分一致. It is I who am for the plan. It is he who is to blame.,T: 由连词 or, either or, nor, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词根据就近原则 He or you have taken my pen Has he or you taken my pen? Either you or he is not telling the truth. Not only you but also your father has to be punished. U: 在there be 结构中，谓语动词根据就近原则 There is a desk and four benches in the office. There are two chairs and