《四级作文之议论文》PPT课件.ppt

四级作文之议论文,四级作文评分标准,1、14分标准：切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 2、11分标准：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 3、8分标准：基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重错误。 4、5分标准：基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。 5、2分标准：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子都有错误，且多为严重错误。,除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三个因素： 1、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给零分。 2、字数不足者酌情扣分，所计字数不包括卷面上已给的主题句。 3、只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分。,英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。 简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点： 1、 观点鲜明的开头； 2、 紧扣主题的结尾； 3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。,一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。 ） 英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，,四级作文常见题型可分为议论文，应用文和问题-说明型三类。 历年来，议论文在四级考试作文中最为常见，往往有三种情况。第一种情况就是对立观点(包括选择子类)的情况。这种情况主要有(ABIC)、(ABI)和(ABABI)的写法(其中A和B表示对立的观点，I表示我，C表示结论。),第二种情形是事物性质的情形(包括利弊子类)。中间根据要求，有时利与弊都写，有时只写优点，有时只写问题或弊病。 第三种情形是提出问题分析原因提出解决办法的情形。,My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements 1. 现在有些不良的商业广告 2. 这些广告的副作用和危害性 3. 我对这些广告的态度,写成三段。起始段可写成两句话，许多不良广告危害巨大，注意这两句话可以合并成一句。第二段可以从二或三方面分析危害，首句要写好其危害可以总结如下。第三段写态度，因为次段已写了危害，这段可以写解决办法。因为这篇文章有两个重要模块(即第二、第三段)，可以写得干净利索，只分两个方面。建议总分总的结构。,1. 2008年6月四级考试， 作文题目 Recreational Activities 1）娱乐活动多种多样 2）娱乐活动使人们收益，也可能有危害 3）作为大学生我的看法,Knowledge and Diploma (1) 目前，在社会上有这样的一种说法，文凭越高越吃香； (2)而有些人则认为文凭不等于知识； (3)你的观点。,08年12月 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag 一次性塑料袋的使用 使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 限制一次性塑料袋的意义,开头,一般的议论文开头包括了： (1) 概括性的引出要评论的事物，现象或观点 (2) 具体描述这个事物或者观点(或者是我对这个现象/ 事物的基本看法）,Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Unhealthy Habits of College Students. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1.部分大学生有不健康的生活习惯，例如：晚睡、过度消费、沉溺游戏。 2.这种不健康生活习惯的危害 3.如何纠正,写作思路：首段为负面现象描述(即提出问题),It can be noticed that there are some unhealthy living habits among young people, especially college students. Typical examples include staying up late, being addicted to games, consuming in an inappropriate way. Thus, due attention should be paid to students daily habits.,Credit Cards 1. 越来越多的人使用信用卡 2. 信用卡的弊端 3. 信用卡有哪些好处,（描述现象段）,Personal credit cards are becoming more common in China. Banks and other financial institutions are encouraging their customers to change the way they buy things. Credit cards enable consumers to “buy now, pay later”. And many of them see this as an advantage.,For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Living alone or Living with Roommates? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1有人认为大学里应独自生活 2另一些认为大学里应与别人同住 3你的看法,(提出现象、观点段),Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students dormitory. Opinions are divided over the matter.,Online shopping 1) 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2) 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3) 我的建议,_. According to a recent survey, people in favor of it are far more than those against it. Some of its negative and positive aspects and my opinions will be offered in this essay.,Due attention should be given to Spelling 1) 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2）出现这种现象的原因是 3）为改变这种状况，我认为,_. However, nowadays, more and more students tend to pay less and less attention to it stead of focusing on only speaking.,Part-time Job 1 有人认为大学生应作业余兼职。 2 有人认为大学生兼职有很多弊端。 3 你的观点。,Many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. Whether it is good or bad is still subject to constant debate.,四级作文试题2000年1月 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. 第一段：首先，应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点： Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees for college students are much higher than ever before. How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.,开头常用句型,_ is known as one of the most serious problems in todays society. We can see it almost everywhere. 例：Air pollution, Abusing plastic bags/ones power,II. Nowadays there is a growing concern over _. Many people think that _, while others are inclined to/support that /hold that /consider that /believe that / be of the opinion that/ favor/argue that/ claim that/insist that /maintain that /_.,III. has both advantages and disadvantages 例：1. Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages 2Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages 3Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages 进阶： Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.,With the development of， 例：1. With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious 2. With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed 3. With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinese families can afford a car,V. has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.,VI. When it comes to，some people think believe that，others argue claim that opposite reverse is trueThere is probably some truth in both arguments statements，but本结构先用when it comes to 引出话题，再用someothers 这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in both表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but很自然地引出了自己的论点。,例： When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time. There is probably some t