句子的翻译方法-主语.ppt

英语句子中主语的翻译,英语注重主语，句子结构是SVO，着重于施事与行为之间的关系，英语句子都要有主语并且以动词为核心，主语和谓语之间有许多互相制约的语法关系。汉语则不是这样,汉语句子的概念基本上是话题评论式的，话题是说话人想要说明的对象，是句子的主体，是全句起主导作用，总是放在句子的开头处。评论部分是叙述话题的成分，位于话题之后对话题进行说明、解释、质疑。汉语话题的形式多种多样，话题和评论都可以是词、短语或句子。,名词性话题做主语,数学、物理、化学和语文，我都感兴趣 . Mathematics,physics,chemistry and Chineseall these are interested me. I am interested in Mathematics physics chemistry and Chinese 中日两国发展和平友好关系，符合两国人民的长远利益 . The development of the peaceful relationship between China and Japan is in accordance with the long term interests of the two peoples. China and Japan are developed the peaceful relationships, in line with the long-term interests of the two peoples,动词性话题做主语,回信，是读信之乐的一大代价 。 Answering letters is a heavy cost to pay for the enjoyment of reading letters 我刚打算出门时，电话就响了。 the telephone rang when I just intended to go out. 走也行，不走也行 To Walk the line,or not to go the line,时间、处所、条件话题做主语,这里要盖一座体育馆 。 Here will build a gymnasium A gymnasium will be built here 他死了的话，这问题就不容易解决了 。 He was dead, then the matter were not easy to solve. The matter were not easy to solve if he was dead,介词引进动作的话题做主语,由主席召开会议。 The President called the meeting 。 由他去吧。 Let him do as he pleases 由我请客。 This is my treat 连我都不知道那件事。 l dont know that matter 从以上英译句可以看出：汉语的介词“由”，“连”可以不译，其后的动作译成英语的主语、动词宾语或介词宾语。,别的介词短语做主语,为了这事情我真发愁 。 I am worried about this matter 从这个角度说，“吃亏是福”永远没有错 。 From this point of view, the saying is always right that suffering a loss is a blessing,主谓的话题做主语,你去不去与我无关 。 Whether you go or not is none of my business 他当教师比我强 。 He is a better teacher than I,鱼与熊掌不可兼得。 You cannot have your cake and eat it。 叫那些人不要大吵大闹。 Tell those people to stop making such a terrific din. 万一有什么困难，请给我们一个信。 Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. 由你来付钱。 You pay for the bill. 很难把这部小说列入哪一个类型中去。 It is difficult to classify this novel in any