语言学exercises1(考研真题).ppt

Chapter 1 Linguistics: the study of language,名校研究生入学考试真题选,I. 名词解释,1 清华大学2001；中国人大2002；武汉大学2003考题 Cultural transmission （as a defining property of language） 2 同济大学2000年考题 Descriptive linguistics vs. prescriptive linguistics,II. 判断正误,1 清华大学2001年考题 When language is used to get information, it serves an informative function. 2 东南大学2003年考题 Most animal communication systems lack the primary level of articulation.,3 大连外国语学院2000年考题 Descriptive linguistics are concerned with how languages work, not with how they can be improved.,III. 填空题,1 中山大学2003年考题 By saying that “language is arbitrary”, we mean that there is no logical connection between meaning and _. 2 中山大学2003年考题 The distinction between language and parole is made by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure. The distinction between competence and performance is made by the American linguist _.,3 北京第二外国语大学2004年考题 An approach to linguistic study which attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used is _.,IV. 选择题,1 电子科技大学2003年考题 Unlike animal communication system, human language is _. a stimulus free b stimulus bound c under immediate stimulus control d stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest (考点分析：考查语言移位性特征) 2 东南大学2000年考题 _ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics. a Chomsky b Saussure c Bloomfield d John Lyon,V. 问答题,1 武汉大学2000；湖南师范大学2003年考题 Is language productive or not? Why? (考点分析：考查语言创造性的概念及原因) 2 中山大学2001年考题 Comment on the following statement: “In linguistics, language only means what a person says or said in a given situation”. (考点分析： 考查language一词在语言学中不同层面的含义),3 浙江大学1998，东南大学1999，厦门大学2002年考题 Point out three ways in which linguistics differs from traditional grammar. （考点分析：考查现代语言学与传统语法研究的区别） 4 华中科技大学2002年考题 What is the major difference between Saussures disti