新课标2020届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点七情态动词和虚拟语气.docx

考点七情态动词和虚拟语气限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1We _ (enjoy) the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight答案：would be enjoying句意：要不是耽搁了航班，我们现在正在三亚享受阳光。根据后面的“now”和“if it were not for ”可知，此处是对现在状况的虚拟，故主句用would be doing。2When I was small, my mom _ read me stories at night答案：would句意：当我小时候，我母亲常常在晚上给我读故事。would “过去常常”，表示过去的习惯性的行为。3The accident _ have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we dont know for sure答案：might句意：事故可能是由一条横穿马路的狗引起的，但我们不确定。分析句子可知，本句是对过去动作的推测，可能性不大，故填might。4He looked so hungry as though he _ (eat) a decent meal for a month答案：hadnt eaten句意：他看起来如此饿好像已有一个月没有吃过一顿像样的饭了。由主句中的looked可知，as if/though后面跟过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。5I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I _ (keep) you waiting for such a long time答案：wouldnt have kept句意：我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时，否则我不会让你等这么长时间。句中用了虚拟语气，otherwise说明的从句内容和过去事实相反，指如果不被交通阻塞困住，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might have过去分词”形式。6Although passing the driving test _ be difficult now, its worth the efforts答案：can句意：虽然现在通过驾驶考试可能是困难的，但付出的努力是值得的。此处用can表示有时可能会，故填can。7My mother _ (be) angry with me, but I couldnt shut my mouth before I shouted at her!答案：wouldnt have been句意：我母亲本来不会对我生气的，但在我对她大叫之前，我不能闭上嘴！wouldnt have done “本来不会做某事”。 8Im not sure of the reason for the dogs illness, but it _ (cause) by eating too much答案：may have been caused句意：我不能肯定狗生病的原因，但它也许是因为吃得太多了。根据前句“Im not sure of the reason for the dogs illness”可知，这里为不肯定的推测，故用may have done “可能做某事”；由于dogs illness与cause之间为被动关系，故答案为may have been caused。9Can I pay the bill by check?Sorry, sir But it is the rule of our hotel that payment _ be made in cash答案：shall句意：我可以用支票付账吗？对不起，先生。但这是我们酒店的规定，应当以现金付款。shall可以在法律条文、规章制度中表示规定或义务等，此处是旅馆的规定。10Passengers _ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road答案：mustnt句意：当公共汽车开动时，乘客不得与司机交谈，因为这将把他的注意力从路上转移开来。此处表示“禁止，不允许”，故用mustnt。11David didnt attend his daughters graduation ceremony, but he does wish he _ (be) there答案：had been句意：戴维没有参加女儿的毕业典礼，但他确实希望他能在那里。这里wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时。12Even a small personal computer _ store vast amounts of information答案：can句意：即使是一台小型个人电脑也能储存大量的信息。此处表示一种能力，故填can。13The report is scheduled to be handed in tomorrow, so he _ (attend) the concert with his family yesterday 答案：couldnt have attended句意：这份报告定于明天提交，昨天他不可能和家人去听音乐会。couldnt have done表示对过去事情有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能已经做了某事”。14I am sorry I am very busy now If I _ (have) time, I would certainly go to the movies with you答案：had根据前面的“I am sorry I am very busy now”可知，是对现在的虚拟，if从句中使用一般过去时。15It _ well be the largest cathedral in the world答案：may句意：它很可能是世界上最大的大教堂。may与well连用，表“很可能”。16Most green tea drinkers do not add milk or sugar, but you _ if you like答案：can句意：大部分喝绿茶的人不(往茶里)加牛奶或糖，但是如果你喜欢，你可以加。can表示许可，符合句意。17The head teacher demanded that the paper _ (finish) after class答案：(should) be finisheddemand后的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”，由于finish与the paper之间存在动宾关系，所以用被动语态。18How I wish I _ (have) the chance to watch the football games with my father, who was a reporter there答案：had hadwish从句用虚拟语气，根据逗号后面的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词was可知，这里表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此应用过去完成时。19There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party You _ (come), but why didnt you?答案：should have come句意：昨天的聚会很有趣。你本应该来，为什么没来呀？should have done sth表示本应该做某事而实际上没做。20Antarctica was so mystically described by some people If only I _ (be) there!答案：had been句意：南极洲被一些人描述得很神奇。如果我去过那里就好了！if only “要是就好了”引导的句子应使用虚拟语气，表示与过去情况相反的假设，应使用过去完成时，故答案为had been。21It _ (be) Mr Black because he is away on a trip to China答案：cant be句意：那人不可能是布莱克先生，因为他去中国旅游了。根据because引导的原因状语从句的内容可知，说话者的推测是很有把握的。表示非常有把握的否定推测应该用cant。22You _ as well tell us now; well find out sooner or later答案：may/might句意：你最好现在告诉我们，我们迟早会查明的。may/might as well是固定搭配，意为“最好，倒不如”。23The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed答案：wouldnt句意：无论她怎么用力推，门总是打不开。主语The door为物，且pushed表示过去，故填wouldnt表示一种倾向性。24_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match答案：Should本句中条件句是对将来状况的虚拟，当条件句中有助动词had, were, should时，可以将if省略，把这些助动词放在句首，构成倒装结构。25_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry, sir, but its urgent答案：Must根据第二个问句可知，此处应用must, 意为“非要，偏要”，用来告诉某人他的举止使你很生气或困扰。二、单句改错1If he studies at this school, he would know you well _答案：studiesstudied句意：如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。根据后面的主句“would know”可知，本句是对现在的虚拟，故从句应该用一般过去时。2The order came that the medical supplies are sent to the countryside _答案：are(should) be此句中that引导同位语从句，解释前面的order 的内容，order后面的从句应该使用虚拟语气“(should) do”的结构，故将are改为be。3He mustnt be a basketball player, because he is much too short _答案：mustntcant句意：他不可能是一个篮球运动员，因为他个子矮。表示不可能，应该是cant，表示否定的推测，而mustnt表示“禁止”。4Roberts new book about space exploration is fantastic You simply could read it _答案：couldmust句意：罗伯特写的关于太空探索的新书太好了，你一定要读一读。根据句意可知应用must，故将could改为must。 5Has he learnt about computer, we would have hired him to work here _答案：HasHad句意：如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们就聘用他来这里工作了。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had置于句首。6If we booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue_答案：booked前加had句意：如果早一点定位子的话，现在我们就不用站在这里排队了。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故在booked前加had。7All of us love the weekends, because we cant get up early on Saturdays and Sundays _答案：cantneednt根据语境，表示不必，而不是不能，故将cant改为neednt。8He might have gone to bed, for the light was out_答案：mightmust句意：他一定已经上床睡觉了，因为灯已经灭了。must have done表示对过去已经发生的事情的肯定推测。might have done “可能做过某事”，表示对过去已经发生的事情把握不大的推测。9He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land_答案：built前加(should) becommand后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，且roads和build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故在built前加(should) be。10We must go to the concert tonight, but we are not sure yet_答案：mustmay句意：我们今天晚上有可能去听音乐会，但是还不确定。must表示肯定的猜测，而may “可能会”表示把握不大的推测。11I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky_答案：waswerewish后的从句常用虚拟语气，根据语境可知，这里应表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气，be动词常用were。12You need have studied that late last night It was harmful to your health_答案：needneednt由后面的句子可知，前一句句意为“昨天晚上你不必学到那么晚”，因此应用need的否定形式。neednt have done “本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。13It has been announced that students might remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected_答案：mightshall句意：根据宣布的内容，学生必须留在自己的座位上直到所有的试卷收完为止。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等，应用shall。14We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe_答案：wouldmay/might句意：我们最好待在现在待的地方，因为外面不安全。“may/might as well动词原形”为固定用法，意思是“不妨做，最好做”。15We can have visited Peking University, but we spent too much time shopping_答案：cancould句意：我们原本可以参观北京大学的，但是我们购物花了太多时间。could have done sth “本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，表示对过去未能实现的动作的一种责备或惋惜之情。情态动词一、can/could1表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力；2表可能性：一般用于否定句及疑问句中，could也可用于肯定句，can用于肯定句中时表示理论上的可能性或一时的可能性，常译为“有时候会”；3表示许可：could表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用can。Although he is only four, he can play the pianoThat cant be Mary, for she is in hospitalCan I use your computer for a while?Could I borrow your bicycle?Yes, you can/No, you cant二、may/might1表示请求、允许时，might比may更委婉、客气；2表推测：表示把握性不大的推测，might表示的可能性比may更小；may/might as well do sth “不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”。Might I use your computer?This pen may be TomsYou may_as_well_start at once三、shall/should1shall用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见；2shall用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、许诺等；3shall还可用在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等；4should表示“应该”，表主观，而ought to(应该)表示客观；5should可表示推测，意为“应该会；想必会”；6should还可表示惊讶、意外等，意为“竟然”。Shall he come in or wait outside?You shall hand in the report tomorrowYou should be careful when crossing the streetI dont know why you should think that I did it四、must/have to1must表示非常有把握的推测，仅用于肯定句中；2表示“必须；不得不”，must侧重主观，have to侧重客观；3must还可表示“偏要，非要”，表示说话者不耐烦或与自己愿望相反；4在回答must的问句时，否定回答通常用neednt或dont have to (mustnt表禁止，不表义务)。You must be tired nowIf you must know the secret, I can tell youMust I clean the room at once?Yes, you mustNo, you neednt/dont_have_to五、will/would1表示意愿、决心等；2用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中表示请求；3表示习惯或反复发生的动作，will表示现在，would表示过去；4表示按规律“注定会”。I wont argue with youWould you mind closing the door?Oil will float on waterWe would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories六、need/dareneed “需要”，dare “敢”，二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词。You neednt come so earlyShe dare_not go out alone at nightThat boy says it as loudly as he daresI need_to_go to Beijing this Sunday to attend a book fair七、“情态动词have done”结构must have done “过去肯定/准是/一定发生了”(表肯定推测)，否定式为：cant/couldnt have doneshould/ought to have done “本应该做而实际未做”shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “本不该做而实际做了”neednt have done “本不必做而实际做了”might/could have done “可能做了”could have done “本来能够做”限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1(2018北京高考)In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company答案：can句意：在当今信息时代，数据丢失有时会给一个公司造成严重的问题。can表示“有时会”。 2(2018北京高考)They might have found a better hotel if they _ (drive) a few more kilometers答案：had driven句意：如果他们再开几公里的话，他们就会发现一个更好的旅馆了。分析主句中might have found可知，是对过去的推测，从句中应使用过去完成时，故填had driven。3(2018天津高考)I cant find my purse I _ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure答案：could/might have left句意：我找不到我的钱包了。昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句子中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用“情态动词have done”的结构。再根据后面的“but Im not sure”可知，表示不太肯定的推测，故用could/might have left。4(2018天津高考)If we _ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now答案：had caught句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用had done。5(2018江苏高考)Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission答案：should句意：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人允许就拿走了这些书。在句型“It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that ”中，其中由that引导的主语从句中用“should动词原形”。 6(2018江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have) a second chance to become more involved答案：had句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望还有第二次机会去更多地参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。7(2017天津高考)An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “_ (be) watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment答案：(should) beinsist表示“坚决要求”讲时，后面的从句要用虚拟语气。8(2017江苏高考)Son：Mum, _ we go and see a film tonight?Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online Its convenient with our new and faster network答案：shall儿子征询妈妈的意见问是否可以晚上出去看电影。shall用在第一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方的意见或者建议。9(2018山西太原高三期末)Secondly, we _ to show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them答案：ought句意：第二，我们应当尊敬我们的父母并且尽力去帮助他们。ought to “应当，应该”，表示一种责任和义务。10(2017江苏高考)_ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty答案：Were句意：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句中谓语动词用were；在非真实条件句中，如果if从句中有should, had或were时，可以省略if，而把should, had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故答案为Were。11(2018河北唐山一次调研)Knowing his sons death could _ (avoid) if he had only called the doctor, he always felt he was guilty答案：have been avoided句意：得知要是他请了医生的话，他儿子就不会死，他总是感到很内疚。his sons death与avoid为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态；设空处是对过去的事情的假设，设空处前为情态动词，故需用“情态动词have been过去分词”形式，因此填have been avoided。12(2016浙江高考)_ (have) the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005答案：Had句意：如果政府和科学家没有共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。本句为虚拟语气，从句省略了if，并使用了倒装句式。根据主句的“would not have fallen in 2005”可知，这里是表示对过去的虚拟，所以用had。13(2016北京高考)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ (tell) me, I could have helped答案：had told句意：上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事？如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你。表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词have done”。14(2017北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf答案：can句意：Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩，他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。can “能够”，表示能力，符合语境。15(2017天津高考)Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes Otherwise, I _ (be) able to reach her yesterday答案：wouldnt have been句意：你有Betty的电话号码吗？有，否则，昨天我就不能联系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，应该用would have done结构，此处要用否定形式。16(2017北京高考)If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened答案：had been put句意：如果新的安全系统被投入使用，这起事故就不会发生了。根据题干中的主句谓语部分“would never have happened”可知，此处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had done。再结合语境，可知用被动语态。17(2017天津高考)My room is a mess, but I _ clean it before I go out tonight I can do it in the morning答案：neednt句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它，我可以早晨打扫。设空处表示不必，所以用neednt。18(2018天津模拟)In winter, you _ never be too cautious when you are driving in snow答案：can句意：在冬天，你在雪地里开车时怎么小心都不过分。cannot too 表示“无论怎样都不过分”，cannot可用can never代替。19(2018浙江温州八校联考)Since you have such good preparations, there _ not be any problems about passing the coming job interview答案：should句意：既然你准备得很充分，通过即将到来的工作面试应该没问题。根据since提供的原因“准备充分”可以判断出，此处表示应该不会有问题，表推测，故本空填情态动词should。20(2019郑州质检)Today I am very busy I would rather that you _ (come) tomorrow答案：came句意：我今天很忙，我宁愿你明天过来。would rather后的从句用虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词要用过去式。21(2018哈尔滨师大附中高三二模)We waste so much time on social media, television commercials and worrying about life which we _ (use) to practice a hobby答案：could have used句意：我们把太多的时间浪费在社交媒体上、电视广告上及对生活的担心上，而这些时间我们本可以用来从事一个业余爱好的。本可以做某事而没有做，使用“could have done”的形式。22(2019昆明市高三摸底调研)When Muir discovered the Yosemite Valley in the Sierra Nevadas, it was as if he _ (come) home答案：had come句意：当米尔在内华达山脉发现了约塞米蒂山谷的时候，就好像回到了家一样。as if连接的句子是对过去的一种假设，使用过去完成时。故填had come。 23(2018太原市高三第二次模拟)Morgan knew that more lives _ (save) if he had been called sooner答案：might have been saved句意：摩根知道如果早点给他打电话的话，更多的生命将得到拯救。根据if从句是对过去的假设并分析句意可知，主句中谓语动词使用might have been saved。24(2018安徽六校高三第二次联考)But for your error, it _ (be) easier for you to pass the driving test After all, you had high quality training答案：might have been句意：要不是你的错误，你可能更容易通过驾驶考试。毕竟你接受了高质量的培训。此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟，故用might have been。 25(2018黑龙江双鸭山一中期中)I really thank you for your help Without it I _(succeed) in finding my lost key答案：wouldnt have succeeded句意：我真的感谢你的帮助。如果没有你的帮助，我就不会找到丢失的钥匙。此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，答案为wouldnt have succeeded。二、单句改错1(2016全国卷)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby_答案：canshould或去掉can句意：一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。suggest作动词，表示“建议”时，宾语从句的谓语通常用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”，故此处可把can改为should，也可去掉can。2(2018吉林月考)I advised the person badly wounded sent to hospital_答案：sent前加(should) be本句中badly wounded是过去分词短语作定语修饰person; advise后接宾语从句时用虚拟语气，即：(should)动词原形。由于person与send之间是被动关系，故应用(should) be sent。3(2018山东模拟)It is required by the rules that students should get grades not lower than 80 in any subjects in order to win the scholarship_答案：shouldshall当宣布法律、规定时，应用shall，意为“应该，必须”。4(2019邯郸模拟)Thank you for your coming to help me tidy up my room, otherwise everything will be in a mess_答案：willwould句意：谢谢你来帮我整理房间，否则一切都会乱糟糟的。otherwise连接的句子是与现在事实相反的虚拟，所以应用“would动词原形”。5(2018桂林月考)My uncle is in poor health so the doctor strongly recommends that he takes a holiday_答案：takes(should) take句意：我的叔叔身体很差，所以医生强烈地建议他休假。recommend意思是“建议”，后接that从句，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”，should 可以省略。6(2018衡水质检)We cant imagine that two children can be killed by the washing machine of their house_答案：canshould句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被他们家里的洗衣机绞死了。should在本句中意为“竟然”，表惊讶、意外等。7(2018洛阳月考)Its so bad that I failed in the final exam If only I worked hard at it!_答案：worked前加had句意：我期末考试不及格，这真是太糟糕了，要是我(之前)努力学习就好了！if only后面的从句要用虚拟语气，由failed可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句中的谓语动词要用过去分词。8(2018宜昌月考)If you told me that eating too many plums is not good for our health earlier, I wouldnt have a stomachache now_答案：told前加had句意：如果你早点儿告诉我吃太多的李子对身体不好的话，我现在就不会胃疼了。本句是混合虚拟语气，从句表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟，谓语用“had done”形式，故应在told前加had。9(2018银川模拟)She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun_答案：knowsknew句意暗含她不可能知道世界上所有的事情，因此此处要用虚拟语气，且是对现在情况的虚拟。所以句子用一般过去时。10(2019安徽皖南八校联考)If he should not come tomorrow, we put off the meeting till next Wednesday_答案：we后加would/could/might/should句意：如果他明天不来的话，我们将把会议推迟到下周三。对将来情况的虚拟，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。虚拟语