河南省新乡市2019届高三英语3月份质量检测试题（含解析）.docx

河南省新乡市2019届高三英语3月份质量检测试题（含解析）注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考试号写在答题卡相应的位置。2.全部答案在答题卡上完成，用2B铅笔涂满涂黑，答在试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡上交。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What was the weather like yesterday?A. Cloudy. B. Foggy. C. Stormy.2. What is the woman doing now?A. Making a reservation. B. Changing clothes. C. Reading a book.3. Where are the speakers?A. At a tailor s. B. In a theatre. C. At home.4. What are the speakers going to do?A. Make orders. B. Pack boxes. C, Stop working.5. When will the next train for Nanchang leave?A. At 9:30. B. At 11:30. C. At 11:40.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分；满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What information does the woman provide?A. The address of the hotel. B. Her telephone number. C. The downtown map.7. Which direction will the woman take first?A. Turn left. B. Turn right. C. Go straight ahead.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Who is Susan?A. A mother. B. A nurse. C. A patient.9. How is Doctor Lee to Susan?A. Encouraging. B. Thankful. C. Strict.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Loneliness in the university. B. Pressures of studies. C. Pressures of living expenses.11. What costs the woman most?A. Transportation. B. Clothing. C. Meals.12. What does die woman do in her spare time?A. Go traveling. B. See movies. C. Hang out for a drink.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What are the speakers attending?A. A wedding. B. A dinner party. C. An anniversary celebration.14. What does the woman want most right now?A. To dance. B. To eat something. C. To change her clothes.15. What did the man eat when he first arrived?A. Cheese. B. Fish and rice. C. Cakes.16. What probably cost a lot of money?A. The flowers. B. Matts tie. C. Jennies clothes.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. When will the Winter Carnival end?A. In January. B. In February. C. In March.18. What will be held in the center of the site?A. A dress competitions B. A flower show. C. An ice sculpture exhibition.19. How many areas will be used for amusement rides?A. 2. B. 4. C. 6.20. Where will the food shops be?A. Next to the amusement rides. B. At the corner of the site. C. Beside the entrance.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEach applicant to Harvard College is considered with great care. We consider each applicant to Harvard College as a whole person, and put enormous care into evaluating every application. We hope you will explore the information in this section to understand what we look for in our admissions process.How to ApplySubmit your application through the Common Application, the Coalition Application, or the Universal College Application. Each is treated equally by the Admissions Committee. Complete and submit your materials as soon as possible to ensure full and timely consideration of your application. View our Application Tips for step-by-step information.When to ApplyDateDeadlineDateDeadlineNovember 1Early Action DeadlineMarch 1Financial Aid Application deadlineNovember 1Early Financial Aid Application deadlineLate MarchDecision letters mailedMid - DecemberEarly Auction decisions releasedMay 1Reply date for Admitted StudentsJanuary 1Regular Decision deadlineWhat We Look ForWe seek promising students who will contribute to the Harvard community during their college years, and to society throughout their lives.While academic accomplishment is the basic requirement, the Admission Committee considers many other factorsstrong personal qualities, special talents or excellences of all kinds, perspectives formed by unusual personal circumstances, and the ability to take advantage of available resources and opportunities.We outline everything you need to apply to Harvard.Click https: /college. harvard. edu/admissions/apply to get detailed requirements.1. Where can you find step-by-step information of how to apply?A. Common Application.B. Coalition Application.C. Universal College Application.D. Application Tips.2. Which is the final day for Financial Aid Application?A. November 1.B. January 1.C. March 1.D. May 1.3. What is the basic requirement to apply for Harvard University?A. Academic accomplishment.B. Strong personal qualities.C. Special talents.D. Unique perspectives.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了申请进入哈佛大学的流程，包括如何申请、何时申请以及哈佛大学关注何种类型的考生。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“How to Apply”部分中的最后一句View our Application Tips for step-by-step information可知，如果要知道申请步骤，可以阅读申请建议，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据题干关键词final day定位至When to Apply部分，根据所列表格中March 1 Financial Aid Application deadline可知，助学金申请的最后期限是3月1日，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据What We Look For部分中的第二段中的While academic accomplishment is the basic requirement可知，进入哈佛大学就读的最基本条件是学术成就满足要求，故选A。【点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题2题干中关键词的the final day，到文章找到关键词deadline。所以我们考生要通过比较这些细微区别，仔细辨别才能得出答案。BWhen I was five or six years old, I remember watching TV and seeing other children suffer in other parts of the world. I would say to myself, “When I grow up, when I can get rich, I will save kids all over the world.”At 17, I started my career here in America, and by the age of 18, I started my first charity organization. I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, tern six-year-old Jasmina Anema who passed away in 2010 from leukemia (白血病), whose story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to 2012 when grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation( CLF). Were all human. And we all just want a chance: a chance at life, a chance in education, a chance at a future, really. And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.People make it seem too hard to do charity work. The truth is, you dont have to be rich to help others. You dont need to be famous. You dont even have to be college-educated. But it starts with your neighbor, the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class, the kid down the block in your neighborhood. You just do whatever you can to help in any way that you can. And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person，one organization，one situation that touches your heart. My grandmother always used to say, “If youve got a dollar, theres plenty to share.”4. What did the author want to do at a young age?A. Watch TV.B. Grow up quickly.C. Become wealthy.D. Help other children.5. What directly caused the author to create and develop the CLF?A. A six-year-old kids request.B. Her grandmothers death of cancer.C. Many volunteers inspiration.D. Other organizations encouragement.6. What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A chance.B. A task.C. A life.D. An organization.7. What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?A. Do little things to help those around them.B. Work hard to get a college education.C. Challenge their friends to offer help.D. Do charity work whatever you are.【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。小时候在电视中看到世界的一些地方遭受困苦的孩子时，“我”便下定决心长大后要帮助他们；十八岁时，“我”创立了自己的第一个慈善组织。慈善无关贫富，无关名誉，无关教育背景；从帮助身边的人做起，你将成就你的事业。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句I would say to myself，When I grow up, when I can get rich, I will save kids all over the world.并结合第一段内容可知，小时候在电视中看到受苦的孩子，作者想要在长大后帮助他们，故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的to my grandmother，who lost her battle with cancer in 2012, and her death is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation(CLF)可知，在2012年，祖母不敌癌症病魔而去世，这促使作者成立了克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会(CLF)。据此可知，是作者的祖母患癌症去世这件事促使了作者成立并发展了克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会(CLF)，故选B。【6题详解】代词指代题。根据第二段的最后一句“And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one”可知，在克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会中，我们的任务是尽可能影响更多的生命，但这个任务从影响一个人的生命开始。根据该句中的“as many lives as possible”，结合“butjust one”可知，画线词one指代“a life”，故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的第五句“But it starts with your neighbor, the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class, the kid down the block in your neighborhood”可知，慈善帮助可以从帮助你的邻居开始，帮助现在在你身边的人开始，帮助上课时坐在你旁边的人开始，帮助你家附近街区上的小孩开始。据此可以判断，作者建议慈善从帮助身边的人做起，故选A。CAlongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But its a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote: “The most intimate (亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays, for most people in the worlds wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable.Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and youll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession.And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging (夸耀), many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying.This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banksEuropean organizations that hand out donated food to those who cant afford to pay for it themselves.So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.8. According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?A. Air.B. Water.C. Food.D. Human beings.9. What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Delicious food.B. A person fond of food.C. A social media app.D. A photo of delicious meals.10. Who can get help from food banks?A. Poor people in the UK.B. Poor people in Africa.C. Starving children in Kenya.D. People in the drought-stricken.11. Whats the best title for the text?A. Treat Food as a HobbyB. Time to Appreciate FoodC. Food Shortage in Some CountriesD. How to Spend World Food Day【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，认为美食是理所当然的。但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。珍惜粮食，从我做起。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Mariette Dichristina所写的话“The most intimate(亲密的) relationship we will ever hav e is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food”可知，我们最亲密的关系不是人与人之间的关系，而是我们的身体和食物之间的关系。据此可知，Mariette Dichristina认为和我们关系最亲密的是食物。故选C。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中的第二句Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen可知，这些人最喜欢在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片。结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks of themselves as a foodie”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“美食爱好者”。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的最后一句But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banksEuropean organizations that hand out donated food to those who cant afford to pay for it themselves可知，即使是在英国，低收入家庭也被迫要使用食物银行。该组织是一个向那些无钱购买食物的人捐赠食物的欧洲组织。据此可知，贫穷的英国人可以获得食物银行的帮助。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。据此可知，“到了感激食物的时候了”最能概括文章主旨，故选B。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题。设题时，常会考查生词或短语的词义判断题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题2要求猜测出foodie的含义，就是根据后句Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen可知，这些人最喜欢在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片。结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks of themselves as a foodie”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“美食爱好者”。DTraditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the studys authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they arent especially safe around humans, because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. Theyre taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”12. Whats the special feature of “Octobot”？A. Its soft.B. Its made of metal.C. Its very small.D. It looks like an octopus.13. Whats the disadvantage of traditional robots?A. Theyre hard to control.B. Theyre too heavy to move.C. They cant predict conditions.D. They cant behave well all the time.14. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots _.A. silicone bodyB. complex componentsC. precise movementsD. flexible power source15. Whats the possible application of “Octobot”？A. Medical research.B. Life rescue.C. Machine operation.D. House cleaning.【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. B【解析】本文是一篇科普类说明文，文章主要介绍了章鱼机器人的优点和投入应用的可能性。【12题详解】细节理解题。从第一段 robots have been hard, made of metal，以及段尾has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus对比发现可知，Octobot机器人特点是它很柔软。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。从第三段第一句Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. 及本段内容可知，传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行，此外，由于沉重的金属部件，传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害，据此可推断出，传统机器人的缺点是他们不能一直表现得很好。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。从倒数第二段，Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power. 可知，即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体，但是制作柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战，比如动力来源。据此可知，最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源，故选D。【15题详解】细节理解题。从文章最后一段“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,”可知，尽管对软体机器人的开发和研究还处于早期阶段，但它适用于诸如搜索救援和探索等任务，故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Why Stand in Line on Black Friday?Standing in line is a pain. At the post office. At the box office. At a restaurant. _16_The first spot outside some Best Buy stores is usually claimed (认领) weeks in advance, often by a person in a tent. Shoppers at Walmart will print out maps of the store, with circles around their primary targets. _17_“These queues are quite different than the usual annoying ones we come across day to day at the ATM or in the subway,” said Richard Larson, a professor at MIT who has spent years studying line behavior. “Once a year,” he said, “the lines are exciting. Theyre the kind you might tell your grandchildren about.” _18_ Billie LeClere, 45, was first in line on Thursday at Walmart in Manchester, Iowa. She said she was a regular Black Friday shopper. But this year, she came with a specific purpose: to get a good deal on a new TV. She and her husband had recently separated, and he had taken the old TV earlier that day. “The marriage died, not the TV,” she said. _19_ “Its going to be nice to have something thats newer-and its mine, not his.”_20_ The following are two of the typical results. The “gotta have it” atmosphere makes people more anxious. Sometimes the behaviour of the queue turns violent. Therefore，lines test patience，personal space especially on Black Friday, when the crowds can be overwhelming (势不可挡的).A. Shoppers are excited to buy gifts.B. But on Black Friday, its an experience.C. Moreover, the crowds are queuing for good deals.D. Many families are queuing to chat with each other.E. The experience gave her a sense of accomplishment.F. They are trying to turn the experience into an adventure.G. Th