雅思判断题TFNG大全各种技巧全包括.ppt

IELTS READING,TRUE/YES,FALSE/NO,NOT GIVEN 判断题 MULTIPLE CHOICES 多选题,雅思阅读的形式,Diagram completing 完成图表题 flow chart 流程图 table completion 填表题 short answer question 简答题 sentence completion 完成句子题 multiple choice 多项选择题 summary 摘要题 list of headings 标题对应题 matching 配对题 ture/false/not given 正误判断题,判断题介绍,题目为数个陈述句。需要你根据原文判断每个句子是对 (TRUE/YES)、错 (FALSE/NO)，还是未提及 (NOT GIVEN)。 重点题型，每次必考。 难度较大，尤其容易将F/N和NG混淆,TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 考事实的(较容易) YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 考观点的,TRUE/YES 题目中的关键词与原文中的关键词 -相同-同义-同向 FALSE/NO 题目中的关键词与原文中的关键词 -矛盾-反义-反向 NOT GIVEN -题目的内容原文完全未提及(子虚乌有型) -题目的内容原文部分提及了, 却存在着两种可能性难点（证据不足型）,逻辑判断,YES,NO,NG,NG,原文：The water is cold. 题目1：The water is chilly. 题目2：The water is hot. 题目3：The water is dirty.,1. 文中说: 塞朴路斯的旅游者大多来自欧洲. 题目说: 塞朴路斯的旅游者大多来自英国. 2. 文中说: MM老师喜欢JAY. 题目说: MM老师ONLY喜欢JAY. 剑五 P26 Q 28,Overview of T/F/NG questions,Most questions following the order principle; if not, key words have to be found; No personal understandings, find answer from the original text; Language understanding only, no logical understanding; It is one of the detailed/local questions,重点难点 区分 false和not given,FALSE和NOT GIVEN的差别。 If you write ”False“ as your answer, you are saying that the information expressed in the question is the opposite of that presented in text. This is quite different from a ”Not Given“ answer, which says that you can find nothing in the text about the information.,解题步骤,在题目中划出关键词。 据定位词找到原文中对应的位置。可能是一句话也可能是几句话 与原文观点一致TRUE/YES，对立或者相反FALSE/NO 原文没有提及则NOT GIVEN,如何划好判断题的关键词？,从以下的句子中划出一个关键词： Networking is not a modern idea. People fall into two basic categories. All teachers are cynics. The first piece of Hesses art has little effect on visitors to the gallery. The New Forest has already been made into a National Park.,如何划好判断题的关键词？,表示关键内容的定位词，同其他题型 特殊关键词： 否定词或表示否定意义的词（支持、肯定还是反对、否定） Not, few, little, barely, 具体的数字 Two, million 限定范围的词（全体、部分） All, almost, only, except, a part of 时间指示词(指示时间的词，过去，现在或者未来)。 Already, once, will, in the past/future 情态动词(表示不同程度的义务和确定性) must, should, have to 频率副词 sometimes, always，seldom, once in a while,比较考点词在是非无判断题中的应用,A is than B OR A is asas B 1）A和B在有一方在原文中没有出现，答案为NOT GIVEN 2）A和B都在原文中出现，但并未出现比较，答案为NOT GIVEN； 3）A和B都在原文中出现，且出现比较，但比较的内容不一致，答案为NOT GIVEN； 4）如果A和B都在原文中出现，而且比较内容相同，则根据方向来判断答案为TRUE/YES还是FALSENO,比较考点词,Example 20 Original 1: More girls(70%) than boys(60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats. Original 2: More girls(13%) than boys(5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats. Question: Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction. Answer: NOT GIVEN,数字数量考点词,Example 22 Question：The 1993 Sydney survey involved 289 patients who visited alternative therapists(非传统治疗专家) for acupuncture treatments（针灸治疗）. Original: Dr Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who attended eight alternative therapies practices in Sydney. These practices offered a wide range of alternative therapies form 25 therapists.,考点词,如果一道题目没有出现明显的考点词，或者题目的重心位置出现some, may, like, not all 等语气保守的词的时候，该题目选择FALE/NO的概率就很小，选TURE/YES的概率相对比较大。,考点词,Example 23 Question: Some people with simple number systems use body language to prevent misunderstanding of expression of number. Original: But in real situations the number and words are often accompanied by gestures to help resolve any confusion. Answer: TRUE/ YES,TRUE/YES,题目与原文的一句话基本相同或者是重述 题目的含义隐含在是原文多句话中（较难），需要归纳或者概括 补充的一点是，所谓选TRUE，并不意味着题目和原文百分之百的相等，只要两者的表述是在同一个方向上的便可，例如“same”和“similar”这两个表述就可以等同为是一致的。,例题 概括,【题目】The research findings report commercial rather than political trends. 【原文】Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group amongst shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterdays issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood,例题 归纳,【题目】A response delay of 12 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught. 【原文】It has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of an arrest only if responses are in the order of 12 minutes after a call is received by the police. When response times increases to 34 minutes still quite a rapid response the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.,FALSE/NO,题目与原文内容相反、矛盾 题目绝对化和排他性，原文有多种可能 除了明显相反的情况（较少），还有如下比较隐晦的错误方式： 题目在数量、频率、可能性上夸大和绝对化 如：some-all; sometimes-always; 原文是理论或者感觉（即，可对可错），题目中将其描述为一种“事实”，也是一种错误 如：feel/consider-prove, theory fact,例题 需要稍作推断,【题目】Graphology is a good predictor of future job performance. 【原文】Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better than more controversial methods like graphology and astrology.,例题 频率夸大,【题目】Frogs and toads are usually poisonous. 【原文】Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.,例题 可能性夸大,【题目】Men are invariably preferred to women when it comes to promotion. 【原文】Women also have less job security and fewer opportunities for promotion. Higher status jobs, even in industries which employ mostly women, tend to be filled by men.,例题 绝对化,【题目】The Entertainment Center is only for international popular music artists who attract large audiences. 【原文】There are numerous clubs which appeal to people of all ages, and cater for all tastes. Pubs are the venue for smaller modern bands, while the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Center in the heart of the city.,例题 理论事实化,【题目】It is a fact that frogs breeding cycles are upset by worldwide increases in temperature. 【原文】Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs.,FALSE的复习,F1 反义词抵触型 F2 绝对等于不对 F3 单一等于不对 F4 already等于不对 F5 数字做考点，一般选 false （mainly， largely） F6 去掉条件状语,答案选false,补充说明F1在句子中的实现,句子中由否定词直接否定： not / no longer (不再) / not any more / by no means (决不） 句子中隐含的否定： used to do sth. / until recently/ as was once the case,剑五p19/ Q11题目: Johnson set up an academy to help with the writing of his Dictionary. 原文: Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself;and he would do it single-handed.,F2: 绝对等于不对,90% impossible (ly) immediate (ly) 80% always（总是） / often / usually/ never （从不） 70% all (剑四 page 48 Q23) /every/any/ none,Must及一组副词: 题目说的太绝对,容易被人抓住把柄,absolutely, definitely，invariably (不可改变地)/ inevitably (不可避免地)/unarguably/irrefutably/ assuredly/indisputably/undeniably/certainly (毫无疑问地)/without question=out of question/,与绝对词FALSE相反的TRUE: (即真理型的TRUE),possible(ly) / probable(ly) / presumably/ perhaps/ be likely to/ maybe/ may (might)/ can (could) / would /somewhat /seem to / appear to / chances / odds / almost/sometimes/ some/certain/a degree of / occasionally/ not always/not all/ not necessarily/ （剑5，23）,F3:单一VS多样,题目中:单一 only one/only/sole/solely/single/unique/ merely/barely/exclusively 原文中:多样 two/bothand/various/varied/variety/ different/diversified/versatile(万能的,多才多艺的) e.g.,题目说: Radical groups are only found within the Labor Party. 文中说: In fact, it would be true to say that both parties consist of conservative, moderate and radical elements, and therefore the general public is often perplexed about which party to vote for.,F4: 题干有ALREADY+完成时做关键字,题目说: Biosilk has already replaced nylon in parachute manufacture. 文中说: Army scientists are looking at the possibilities of using biosilk for lightweight, bullet-proofing vests and parachutes.,F5： 数字做考点,一般选FALSE 尤其有mainly/largely,剑三 P40 Q 2.3.4 (反例) P62,2 Four thousand species of dung beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CSIRO.,Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.,3 Dung beetles were brought to Australia by the CSIRO over a fourteen-year period.,Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.,4 At least twenty-six of the introduced species have become established in Australia.,Of the 26 species that are known to have become successfully integrated into the local environment, only one, an African species released in northern Australia, has reached its natural boundary.,F6:去掉条件状语=false,原文中包含条件状语,题目中去掉这些表示条 件状语的成分. 条件句引导词 if, if not, unless 也可能是用介词短语表示条件状语,如 in, with, for, but (for), except (for),题目中: The media has often criticized the internet because it is dangerous. 原文中: The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.,NOT GIVEN,题目中的事情原文中没提 从原文内容无法推理出题目的结论 原文说的是目标、目的、想法、保证、誓言等未发生的事，在题目中已经发生 常用字眼：aim, purpose; promise ; swear; prediction; assumption 原文和题干一个说比例、一个说数量，互不相干,例题 不可推理,【题目】 Sydney Harbor is the largest in the world. 【原文】The 57-square-killometer Sydney Harbor is one of the largest in the world, and famous for the unmistakable 134-meter high arch of the Harbor Bridge and the graceful sails of the Opera House.,例题 未发生,例题 比例和数量无关,【题目】The majority of teachers get satisfaction from their work. 【原文】Many teachers find their jobs very rewarding.,NOT GIVEN的复习,NG1 并不存在的关系（未提及型的） NG2 隐含型的 NG3 并不存在的比较关系 NG4 权威效应，大众效应 NG5 偷换概念 NG6 关于最高级的思考 NG7 题目内容原文部分提及了， 却存在两种可能性.,NG的形式 NG1并不存在的关系(未提及型) e.g. 题目说: The government was concerned about some artists complaints. 文中说: The size of the rehearsal room of ,and some artists have complained bitterly about all these varieties ever since.,NG2: 隐含型的NG another (the) other latter next second relative,NG3 并不存在的比较关系 只要文中有A IS BETTER THAN B的形式 A + be +adj比较级+ than+ B (外表,金钱,男女) better! similar!,e.g. 题目说: Australian artists give better performances in the Opera House. 文中说: The Queen officially opened the building in 1975 and since then audiences of all nationalities have been quick to acclaim the many world-class performances of stars from the Australian opera, ballet and theatre.,NG4,权威效应,大众效应 文中某名人说A是事实，题中把名人去掉，说A就是事实 文中说许多人说B是事实, 题中直接说B就是事实 原文中出现了发誓，承诺，愿望，决心，目的等主观限定词，而题目去除以上限定变为客观事实陈述: 常见主观限定词: promise, vow, swear, aim to, pledge(保证),resolve (决心),e.g. 题目中: Utzon never returned to Australia to see the completed building. 文中说: Utzon left the country before completing the project and in a fit of anger vowed never to return.,NG5 偷换概念,地点状语的范围缩小 文中是个大范围 EUROPE 题目中是小范围 UK 罕见：从小范围大范围 翻译上的误区，或者常识上的误区。,题目中： Some parents spend extra on their childrens education because of the prestige attached to certain schools. 文中说： Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra money necessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge.,NG6:关于最高级的思考 (先天不足，树敌太多）,地理的,自然的: 珠穆朗玛峰是全世界的最高峰. T NG 人文的: 大英博物馆这方面的馆藏是全世界最大的. 是最著名的导演. 这个技艺是吉尼斯世界记录里最绝的一个. NG （无从考量型/有这个可能性) (法律,种族,政治,女权问题避免),G类 题目中说: Sydney harbour is the largest harbour in the world. 文章中说: Sydney harbour is one of the largest harbours in the world. NOT GIVEN,NG7 题目的内容原文部分提及了, 却存在两种 可能性. F/NG 分不清,+NOT为试金石 不适用于以名词为考点的题目.(有些词没有反义词) e.g. 文中说:小土豆喜欢吃麻辣烫和烤鸡翅. 题目说:小土豆只喜欢吃烤鸡翅. +NOT=小土豆不只喜欢吃烤鸡翅.,NOT GIVEN和False辨析,本质是一个相关还是不相关的问题 方法：题目和原文两个句子单独列出来，考虑一下这两句话在逻辑上是否有同时成立的可能性。如果没有就选False，而有的话，就选Not Given.,剑IV/G类TestB/2 题目：On Receipt of your deposit, Wessex Cottages will confirm your booking by telephone. 原文：When we receive your booking form and deposit, your reservation will be confirmed we will send you a Booking Confirmation, together with advice on how to reach your holiday cottage and the telephone number of a local contact in case you require further details on the cottage before leaving home.,剑IV/Test 2/12 题目：National Governments could do more to protect endangered languages. 原文：Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language.,测试题,NG,Y,Y,Y,N,N,7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.,7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.,Answer: NO,8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.,Answer: NOT GIVEN,9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.,Answer: YES,10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.,Answer: NO,11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.,Answer: YES,12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.,Answer: YES,Summary,1.题目中若出现must、only、all及always，答案一般不会是True。 题目中出现这些很常见，95%的答案都不是True。题目中出现上述这些词，答案False是还是Not Given，就不一定，需要根据上面讲的规律再做判断，一般答案是False的比例更大一些。 2.出现同义表达或推断归纳的一般为YES/TRUE.,Summary,3.If the words “not, must/only, fact/prove, many/sometimes/unlikely/all/usually/ always/impossible” appear in the statements, the answer normally are FALSE/NO. 4. If the reading text has adverbial conditions, such as “if / unless / ifnot / in / with / but / for / except for” etc. , the answer are normally NO / FALSE.,Summary,5. 出现原文没有提及或者找不到依据的题目 题目范围比原文所说的范围小，更具体的内容时候；原文是目标，想法，愿望，保证，发誓的时候，题目是事实的时候，出现aim, purpose, promise, swear, vow.；题目中有比较级，原文中没有比较级的时候，一般情况下答案多为NOT GIVEN。,总结,A)肯定=双重否定或正话反说 他长得很难看=他长得没有攻击性 B)同义词或同意短语 长得很难看=长得很抽象=长得很爱国=长得很敬业=长得很提神=长得很像车祸现场,calculate, count, compute call, summon, send for cautious, attentive, prudent，careful cause, reason, excuse cease, pause, stop, halt, quit,center, middle, heart, core, midst certainly, naturally, of course, surely certainty, assurance, conviction change, alter, vary, convert, modify, transform, turn,第二种情况： 题目是根据原文中的几句话做出推断或归纳。 避免自行推理或过度推理,3要注意题目要求答什么。 同是是非题，有时题目要求考生答Ture/False/Not Given，有时要求答T/F/NG，有时又要求考生答Yes/No/NotGiven，必须按照要求去做，否则，本来判断正确，因为不符合要求而失分，很可惜。避免答错的一个方法是：在平常练习中就按照题目的要求去答，而不是随心所欲。,4题目中若出现must、only、all及always，答案一般不会是True。 题目中出现这些很常见，95%的答案都不是True。题目中出现上述这些词，答案False是还是NotGiven，就不一定，需要根据上面讲的规律再做判