议论文摘要写作指导.ppt

Welcome,How to Write a Summary of an Argumentation,写作 II,Is there any fun in your Senior 3 life?,I. Warming-up,What fun?,October 26 & 27, 2007,Reminders,The following time reminds you of,All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.,I really need some sports to relax!,We students do need after-school activities (extracurricular activities ).,英语谚语示例,All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只用功，不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻 Work while you work; play while you play. This is the way to be cheerful and gay.,Summary Writing,A.) First read the passage through carefully to get the gist(主旨) of it.,1. Reading,II: Procedure,There is no doubt that academic studies are a very important part of the school day. However, they are not the only thing that students should be learning. Schools should also be teaching students certain life skills so that they will be better able to get along in the world after they graduate. Following this reasoning, I believe that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Mandatory physical exercise would benefit students in many ways. First of all, regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. However, with their busy schedules, many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and so may become weaker. If schools allow students to do some physical activity every day, they will be happier and healthier students. Second, doing some sports during the school day will give the students a break and allow them to relax their minds. They will be able to return to their studies refreshed and with more energy to learn. Finally, by encouraging students to develop the habit of regular exercise, schools will help them stay fit and healthy all their lives. As fitness is such an important ingredient of success, I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activity every day. It will not only be good for their bodies, but also for their minds. Happier and healthier students will do better at their academic studies and in life.,Directions： Read the above paragraphs and find out what evidence the author uses to support the topic sentence.,Topic Sentence (the subject of the essay)：_ Evidence (Supporting Ideas):_ Key Sentences 1._ Key Sentences 2. _ Key Sentences 3. _ Conclusion: (Reaffirmation重申;再次确定) _,There is no doubt that academic studies are a very important part of the school day. However, they are not the only thing that students should be learning. Schools should also be teaching students certain life skills so that they will be better able to get along in the world after they graduate. Following this reasoning, I believe that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Mandatory physical exercise would benefit students in many ways. First of all, regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. However, with their busy schedules, many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and so may become weaker. If schools allow students to do some physical activity every day, they will be happier and healthier students. Second, doing some sports during the school day will give the students a break and allow them to relax their minds. They will be able to return to their studies refreshed and with more energy to learn. Finally, by encouraging students to develop the habit of regular exercise, schools will help them stay fit and healthy all their lives. As fitness is such an important ingredient of success, I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activity every day. It will not only be good for their bodies, but also for their minds. Happier and healthier students will do better at their academic studies and in life.,B.) Give a title to your summary.,1. Reading,II: Procedure,写作内容 就“学生是否应该参与课外活动”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120词左右： a) 简述你们学校有哪些课外活动； b) 你认为课外活动能给你的学习生活带来什么； c) 你认为学生应如何处理好学习和课外活动之间的关系。 写作要求 你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。,Writing Task,1. What style of the original passage :,Argumentation.,2. Ask us to write what style of a story:,Argumentation, too.,3. Whats the title that we should use?,1. Extracurricular Activities Are Important,2. The Importance of Extracurricular Activities,6. Extracurricular Activities Are Necessary/Essential,3. How Important Extracurricular Activities Are !,4. Extracurricular Activities Encourage Studentsdevelopment,5.Our Life Needs Extracurricular Activities,There is no doubt that academic studies are a very important part of the school day. However, they are not the only thing that students should be learning. Schools should also be teaching students certain life skills so that they will be better able to get along in the world after they graduate. Following this reasoning, I believe that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Mandatory physical exercise would benefit students in many ways. First of all, regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. However, with their busy schedules, many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and so may become weaker. If schools allow students to do some physical activity every day, they will be happier and healthier students. Second, doing some sports during the school day will give the students a break and allow them to relax their minds. They will be able to return to their studies refreshed and with more energy to learn. Finally, by encouraging students to develop the habit of regular exercise, schools will help them stay fit and healthy all their lives. As fitness is such an important ingredient of success, I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activity every day. It will not only be good for their bodies, but also for their minds. Happier and healthier students will do better at their academic studies and in life.,Suggestions:,What should you pay attention to when writing a title?,We should use a noun phrase or a sentence as a title. 2.The first letter of every word in a title should be written in a capital letter except articles, prepositions and conjunctions. 3. The number of a title had better not be more than 12 words.,C.) Decide what part of the passage are essential and what parts are comparatively unimportant and can be omitted without much loss.,1. Reading,II: Procedure,There is no doubt that academic studies are a very important part of the school day. However, they are not the only thing that students should be learning. Schools should also be teaching students certain life skills so that they will be better able to get along in the world after they graduate. Following this reasoning, I believe that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Mandatory physical exercise would benefit students in many ways. First of all, regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. However, with their busy schedules, many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and so may become weaker. If schools allow students to do some physical activity every day, they will be happier and healthier students. Second, doing some sports during the school day will give the students a break and allow them to relax their minds. They will be able to return to their studies refreshed and with more energy to learn. Finally, by encouraging students to develop the habit of regular exercise, schools will help them stay fit and healthy all their lives. As fitness is such an important ingredient of success, I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activity every day. It will not only be good for their bodies, but also for their minds. Happier and healthier students will do better at their academic studies and in life.,D. Jot down(记下) in brief notes the main points-the subject, the title, and the details which you consider essential or important.,1. Reading,II: Procedure,Pay attention to the logical structure & transitional words!,Write now!,Individual work,Form the summary in your own words:,注意: 在撰写文章过程中,你还要特别注意原文的文体特征。对不同的文体，如议论文，你需要运用不同的方式来概述文章的大意。 议论文摘要的写作技巧: 转述法-找出主题句和结论句,然后用自己的话来表达。,Attention:,1.The (given) passage ( text / article) mainly tells us (talks about / is mainly about),2. The text is mainly written/discussed to explain,3. The author argues / states/ thinks that 4. According to the passage, we know,Usually the beginning of a summary is:,A.) The summary should be all in your own words. It must not be a patchwork(拼凑) made up of phrases and sentences quoted from the original passage.,2. Writing,II: Procedure,B.) You should follow the logical order of the original passage, if possible.,2. Writing,II: Procedure,Skills can be used in writing a summary,How to compress(精练),Skill1: Omit (省略) the details Skill2: Omit the repetitions Skill3: Omit the examples Skill4: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words Skill5: Use the shortest possible transitions Skill6: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech,3. Revision,All the important points included? Length-Too long? Any grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes? The language simple and direct or not?,II: Procedure,Evaluation:,Read your classmates summaries and choose the best summary,Tell why the rest are rejected,Comment on the summary written by your classmates,What skills did you use?,Step I,0-1分 没有按照要求概括原文的主要信息，基本是不相关的信息，大多数句子都抄自原文。语言结构不准确，行文不规范。 2分 不能按照要求概括原文的主要信息，包含较多不相关的信息，有较多的抄袭。语言结构不够准确，行文不够规范。 3分 基本按照要求概括了原文的主要信息，但包含一些不相关的信息,有个别句子抄自原文。语言结构基本正确，行文比较规范。 4分 基本按照要求概括了原文的主要信息，没有增加与原文无关的信息，没有照抄原文的句子。语言结构正确，行文规范。 5分 按照要求概括了原文的全部主要信息，没有增加与原文无 关的信息，没有照抄原文的句子。语言结构正确，行文规范。 评分模板0分 1.0分 2.0分 3.0分 4.0分 5.0分,Tips,高考评分标准(5 分),概括(summary),What is a good summary?,1. A fairly brief restatement, in your own words, of the main contents. 2. A simple report back what the writer has said, no comments needed. 3. Proper use of words and accurate sentence building.,The passage shows us the reason why physical exercise is the necessary part of school life, as physical exercise will do good to students in many ways.(27 words),The Importance of Extracurricular Activities,The passage highlights the importance of physical exercise for students, which help them get relaxed, keep fit and study better. Thus, the author firmly suggests school should require students to exercise every day.(33 words),Practice makes perfect!,Sport should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play a game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition, one team will get the most points and all the other eleven teams will get fewer points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face. What that team and that school must do is admit that it lost. The only intelligent reaction to defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on our team will devote itself to a str