沈阳初三英语家教综合阅读_指代主旨修饰及翻译技巧吴军讲义.doc.doc

沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889481沈阳吴军高分英语家教地址：铁西区启工街地铁口旁第一城D组团5号27层网址:电话：2014综合阅读(指代/主旨/修饰词/翻译真题)精讲教案指代题指代题作为词义题的一种，也是常见题型之一。解这类题，要注意代词批代总的原则就近指代：代词指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，如上所述，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中；就数而言，单数代词指代单数名词，复数代词指代复数名词：2008年后一直到2012年,沈阳中考英语有了指代题,其指代的一般是前句的名词，要找对应关系，主语找找语，宾语找宾语，还要看指代词是it,this,that,one(单数名词，不可数名词)，还是those,these,ones(复数名词)?-they指代复数名词主格；Wehopethatgreenbuildingswillbecomecommoninthefuture,because(E)theyaregoodfortheenvironment.划线部分E在文中指代的是_them指代复数名词宾格:TheGreenSingapore2050(GS2050)isacommunityplatform(社区平台)foryoungpeopletoexpresstheirgreatworriesaboutenvironmentalproblems,andthinkofsolutions(解决方法)for(E)them.(2012年沈阳中考)92.文中划线部分（E）指代的是：_Theyalsogaveussignswithnumberson(C)themforcompetitionsduringtheshow.(2008沈阳中考)划线部分C在文中指代的是_数(单数)：it指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词)，也可指代一个句子.Theboylookedatmeclosely.Thenhetookasecondpieceofmychocolate.Icouldhardlybelieveit.（B）StillIdidntsayanythingtohim.Whenhetookathirdpiece,Ifeltmoreangrythanuneasy.Ithought,“Well,Ishallhavethelastpiece.”AndIgot(C)it.(2007年沈阳中考)83.文中能替代划线部分C的短语是_沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889482Italsosaysthattheideathatweneedlesssleepaswegetolderiscompletelyuntrue(D)Peoplehavenoideahowimportantsleepistotheirlives，”DrThomasRoth，directoroftheFoundationsays“Goodhealthneedsgoodsleep.“Butnottoomuchof(E)it，”saysProfessorJimHomeofLoughboroughUniversity(2009沈阳中考)划线部分E在文中指代的是_“Manyteachersareundergreaterpressure(压力)thaneverbefore,”saysKyleneBeers,PresidentoftheNationalCouncilforteachersofEnglish,“Someof(E)itcomesfromparents,somefromthewishforhighscoresontests.”Teacherswhoareunderpressurefeeltheneedtoassignmorehomework.(2011沈阳中考)91.文中划线部分（E）指代的是:Ane-readerhasthememoryspacetoholdhundredsofbooksSopeoplewantto(A)扔掉沉书包andreadwithsmall,lighte-readersForexample，CushingAcademy，ahighschoolinMassachusetts，USA，replaced(替换)mostofthe20，000booksin(B)itslibrarylastsummerTeachersandstudentswillusee-readersinstead(2010沈阳中考)90.文中划线部分(B)指代的是:9Thenextdayapictureofablackhorsewasonthedoorofthebarinsteadof(E)thatofthewhitehorse.(2009沈阳中考模拟)划线部分E在文中指代的是_性、数:Maxpulledbillstrousers,asif(E)hewastryingtopullhimalong.(2008沈阳中考)划线部分E在文中指代的是_Oneday,IcouldntdoitanylongerandIsuddenly(D)startedcrying,“Great!”saidthedirector.“Ilikeit.Sheiscryingwithtruefeelings!”Icalledmymumtotell(E)heraboutitbutmymobilephone(手机)wouldntworkinthevillage.(2011沈阳中考)87.文中划线部分（E）指代的是:one指代单可数名词等。Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(=apresent)thatIhaveneverseen.Hegavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=manypresents)thatIhaveneverseen.除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外，逻辑和意义也是衡量的标准，也就是说，正确的答案应该从意义(主要指语法搭配)上和逻辑(主要指思想内容)上而言都通顺。沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889483找修饰或描写词语(一般是指形容词或副词)描写人首先找到表示人的名词或代词,看其表语或修饰定语用了什么形容词；描写物首先找到表示物的名词或代词,看其表语或修饰定语用了什么形容词；找整体的描述词则需看每一段的首尾句,看一看用了哪些形容词?Therewasonceawomanwhowantedalittlechild.But(A)shedidnotknowwhereshecouldgetone.Soshewenttoanoldwomanwhoknewaboutmagic.Theoldwomanaskedhertoplantsomemagicgrassinasmallpotandwait.Thewomanwenthome(B)themagicgrassandplanteditinapot.(C)Atoncealarge,beautifulflowergrewinthepot.“Thatisabeautifulflower,”saidthewoman,andthewoman,andshekissedit.Justasshekisseditthefloweropened.Alittlegirlwassittinginsidetheflower.(D)Shewasalovelygirl,butshewassosmall!Shewassmallerthanathumb,soshewas(E)namedTumbling.90找出文中描写小女孩的词语：-Thelittlemermaid(美人鱼)livedinacastleinthesea.Shewasabeautifulgirlwithnofeet.Becauseherbodyendedinafishstail.(2013沈阳中考模拟)Onefineday,shesawtheshipofahandsomeprince.Suddenlytheseastartedtogetrough(汹涌).Ahugewavecapsized(倾覆)theshipbuttheprincedidnotknowhowtoswim.Thelittlemermaidsavedhim.Shetookhimtoabeachandreturnedtothesea.Whentheprincewokeup,hesawagirl.Hethoughtthegirlsavedhislife.Hewantedtothankthegirl,but(A)hewastooweaktospeak.Thelittlemermaidfellinlovewiththeprinceandwantedtobehuman.Shewenttoseeawitchto(B)_herfishstailintolegs,soshecouldbewiththeprince.Themermaidhadabeautifulvoice.Thewitchmadeherexchangehervoiceforthemedicinethatwouldgiveherlegs.Thewitchtoldthelittlemermaidthatshemustwintheprinceslove,(C)orshewoulddie.Thenextnightsheswamtothebeach.Herlegsgrewandshewalkedtotheprincespalace.Shedancedfortheprincebutshecouldnottalktohim.Tohersurprise,theprincetoldher,hewouldgetmarriedtothewomanwhosavedhislife.”Thelittlemermaidwasverysad.Thatnight,shedreamedaboutthewitch.Thewitchtoldhertokilltheprincesoshecouldliveandbecomeamermaidagain.Thelittlemermaiddecidedthatshecouldnotkilltheprince,soshe(D)跳入大海tokillherself.Thegodsoftheairsavedher,becauseherheartwaspure(纯洁的)andtodayshelivesinthewindwithherfriends.80.在文中找出描写美人鱼的两个形容词:沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889484May20isNationalStudentNutritionDay(营养日).Whyisstudentnutritionimportant?Justasacellphoneneedsenergyfromcharging(充电),wehumansneedenergyfromfood.Whileeatingfoodistheonlywayto(A)使我们强壮，whatweeatandthewayweeatitarealsoveryimportant,becausetheydecide(B)whetherwecangetgoodnutrition.Manyofushavebadeatinghabits.Forexample,somedonteatbreakfast.Otherseattoo(C)_fastfood.Thesebadhabitsmaycausenutritionproblems,whicharebadforthegrowthofourbodies.Astudybythegovernmentin2005showedthat(D)over20percentofpeopleaged13to20havenutritionproblems,suchasobesity(肥胖)andhighbloodpressure.MorestudentsofChinesemiddleandprimaryschoolsare(E)_havingnutritiousmeals,suchasmilkandfruit.Thisyear,thetheme(主题)ofNationalstudentNutritionDayis“improvethenutritionofstudentsinthecountryside”.(F)Thegovernmentwillspendquitealothelpingstudentsgetnutritiousmeals.(2012沈阳中考)88.从文中找出一个有关营养不良的症状的词语:_。-Whatisitlikebeinganactor?Manypeoplethinkitmustbewonderfulbecausewetraveltoexcitingplaces,wearbeautifulclothesand(A)挣钱多.Thisisonlyoneaspect(方面)ofourlivesthough.Wealsoworkveryhard.(2011沈阳中考)Iplayedacountrygirlinmylast(B)movie.Ihadtoliveinasmallvillagewiththeotheractorsforpartofthewinter.(C)ItwasreallyhardformeasIgrewupinacity.Tohelpmeplayacountrygirlbetter,Icookedformyselfandtheotherseveryday.Ievenwalkedafewmilessometimestogetwater,astherewasnoneinthehouses.Iwantedtounderstandhowarealvillagegirllived.Ithoughtitwasfunatfirst.Ifeltdifferentafteraweekortwo,though.Ididwearsomebeautifultraditionalclothes,buttheywerenotthickenough.IwasverycoldbutIhadtokeepsmilingallthetime!Oneday,IcouldntdoitanylongerandIsuddenly(D)startedcrying,“Great!”saidthedirector.“Ilikeit.Sheiscryingwithtruefeelings!”Icalledmymumtotell(E)Heraboutitbutmymobilephone(手机)wouldntworkinthevillage.Ithinkitisworthdoingallthis,though.Ilikeitwhenpeopletellmetheyenjoymyplaysandaskmetosignapicture.Itisalsofuntobesomeoneelseforawhile.Imveryluckytobeanactor.88.从文中找出有关赞美方面的两个形容词:沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889485Doyoucarrytoomuchonthewaytoschoolorhome?DontworryTrye-readers(电子阅读器)andsaygoodbyetoyourheavyschoolbagAne-readerhasthememoryspacetoholdhundredsofbooksSopeoplewantto(A)扔掉沉书包andreadwithsmall,lighte-readersForexample，CushingAcademy，ahighschoolinMassachusetts，USA，replaced(替换)mostofthe20，000booksin(B)itslibrarylastsummerTeachersandstudentswillusee-readersinsteadMoste-readersarethinandweighlessthan500gTheycandownload(下载)ane-bookin60seconds.“Its(C)soeasyYoucanhavealotofbooksrightatyourfingers!”saidMeghanChensuskyChineseschoolchildrenarealsotryinge-readersAttheShanghaiWorldExpo(世博会)，ane-schoolbagisnowonshowItisaspeciale-readerStudentscanuseittodownloadtextbooksfromtheschoolservers(服务器).(D)ItcanalsosendandreceivehomeworkSomeSchoolsinBeijingandShanghaihavetriedthise-schoolbagforafewyears“ItsexcellentI(E)donthavetocarryaheawschoolbaganymore,”saidXiaoQi，15，BeijingNewe-readersarenotjustforreadingTheyhaveWi-Fiandmultimedia(无线电视和多媒体)Parentsworrythatthesemayhurttheirchildrensstudyhabits“IthinkWi-Fiisnotnecessaryforkids，”saidZengWenwen,43,Beijing(2010沈阳中考)93从文中找出两个修饰或描写e-reader的形容词：_LastFriday,afterdoingallthefamilyshoppingintown,Iwantedtohavearestbeforecatchingthetrain.Iboughtanewspaperandsomechocolateandwentintothestationcoffeeshop.Itwasacheapself-serviceplacewithlongtablestositat.Iputmyheavybagdownonthefloor,putthenewspaperandchocolateonthetableandthen(A)去要一杯咖啡.WhenIcamebackwiththecoffee,therewassomeonesittinginthenextseat.Itwasaboy,withdarkglassesandoldclothes,andhishairwascolouredbrightredatthefront.Hehadstartedtoeatmychocolate!Naturally,Iwasratheruneasyabouthim,butIdidntwanttohaveanytrouble.Ijustlookeddownatthefrontpageofthenewspaper,tastedmycoffeeandtookabitofchocolate.Theboylookedatmeclosely.Thenhetookasecondpieceofmychocolate.Icouldhardlybelieveit.（B）StillIdidntsayanythingtohim.Whenhetookathirdpiece,Ifeltmoreangrythanuneasy.Ithought,“Well,Ishallhavethelastpiece.”AndIgot(C)it.Theboygavemeastrangelook,thenstoodup.Asheleftheshoutedout,“Theressomethingwrongwiththatwoman!”Everyonelookedatme,butIdidnotwanttoquarrelwiththeboy,soIkeptquiet.IdidnotrealizethatIhadmademistakeuntilIfinishedmycoffeeandwasreadytoleave.MyfaceturnedredwhenIsawmyunopenedchocolate(D)_thenewspaper.ThechocolatethatIhadbeeneatingwastheboys!(2007沈阳中考)85.文中描写男孩目光神情的词语是_沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889486OneofthestrangestjobsattheOscarsisthatofaseat-filler.Whenoneofthestarsneedstogotothebathroom,aseat-fillersitsinthestarsseat.Thatway,theTVcameraswontshowanyemptyseats.KathyMullertalksabouthernightasaseat-filler.(A)Iwastoldtoreachthetheaterinthemiddleoftheday,wearingmydressfortheevening.Therewereabout200ofusseat-fillers,allveryexcited.Weweretoldwhatweshouldandshouldntdo(forexample,Donttalktothestars),andthen(B)我们一直等到五点钟。Thatswhenthestarsstartedcoming.Theshowstartedatsixoclock.Wehadtostandoutsidethedoors.Then,whensomeonecameputtogotothebathroomorhaveacigarette(香烟),weweretoldtogoandsitintheirseat.(C)Theshowwasthreehourslong,andIonlysatdownfivetimes.Bytheend,Iwasreallytired,butIwashappybecause,duringtheevening,IsatbehindJimCarrey(hesverytall!)andclosetoDenzelWashington,NicoleKidmanandJuliaRoberts.Itwasanexcitingnight,butIthink(D)_yearIllwatchtheOscarsonTVathomelikeeveryoneelse!(2006沈阳中考)85.从短文中找出两个描写心情的形容词主旨题(中心思想题/主题句)秘诀一:文章每一段的首尾句反复出现的名词或名词词组就是主旨大意的中心词!Singaporeisnotjustacleanandtidycityintheworld,itsalsothegreenest.Thereare(A)三个原因whyitisso.(2012年沈阳中考)Say“No”towasteSingaporeansdonotwasteasingledropofwater.Theyrecycle(再循环)waterandsave(B)almostallrainfall.Thewatercanbeusedforindustryandevendrinking.Many“green”buildings.TheDuke-NNsGraduateMedicalSchoolisoneofthegreatexamplesof(C)prettygreendesign.Itusessustainabledesignelements(可持续发展的设计元素)initsschoolbuilding.(D)Singaporehasmanygreenbuildingslikethis.GetthemwhiletheyreyoungTheGreenSingapore2050(GS2050)isacommunityplatform(社区平台)foryoungpeopletoexpresstheirgreatworriesaboutenvironmentalproblems,andthinkofsolutions(解决方法)for(E)them.Why2050?Itsbecausetheseyoungpeoplewillbetheonestorunthecountryin2050,andhopefullytheywillsolvetheworldsproblems.93.从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词：。沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889487Ayounggirlsitsatherdesk,reviewingherhomeworkfortheevening.English:Readthreechaptersandwriteareport.Math:Complete30problems.Science:Doaworksheet,frontandback.French:(A)Studynewwordsfortomorrowstest.Itsgoingtobealongnight.ThishappenstostudentsinAmerica.Nowitstimetostartahomeworkrevolution(变革).DostudentsintheUnitedStatesreceivetoomuchhomework?AccordingtotheNationalEducationAssociation,astudentshouldbeassigned(布置)nomorethan10minutespergradelevelpernight.Forexample,afirstgradershouldonlyhave10minutesofhomework,a(B)grader,20minutes,andsoon.Thismeansthatastudentinmygradeseventhshouldhavenomorethan70minutesofwork(C)eachnight.Yetthisisoftendoubled,sometimesevenworse!Itsnogoodgivingstudentstoomuchhomework.Accordingtoresearch,kidsaredevelopingmoreillnessatschool,suchasstomachaches,headachesandsleepproblemsthanbefore.Everybody(D)thatteachersaretheoneswhoassignhomework,buttheyarenottheonlyonestoblame(受责备).“Manyteachersareundergreaterpressure(压力)thaneverbefore,”saysKyleneBeers,PresidentoftheNationalCouncilforteachersofEnglish,“Someof(E)itcomesfromparents,somefromthewishforhighscoresontests.”Teacherswhoareunderpressurefeeltheneedtoassignmorehomework.Somepeoplehavedifferentideas,sayingthathomeworkprepareskidsfordoingbetterinhighschool,betterincollege,and(F)今后找到更好的工作.Buttoomuchhomeworkissappingstudentsstrength,curiosity（削弱学生的个性和好奇心),andmostimportantly,theirloveoflearning,isthatreallywhatteachersandparentswant?(2011沈阳中考)93.从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词:93.homeworkIsthereachocolate-poweredracingcarintheworld?Hey!Youhavereadtoo(A)_childrensbooks!Butwait!Now，thereisreallysucharacingcarintheworldAteamfromaBritishuniversitymadeitThechocolate-poweredracingcarsengine(发动机)useswastefromchocolatefactoriesorvegetableoilasfuel(燃料)Itsbody(B)用土豆制成，itssteeringwheelismadefromcarrots，itsseatismadeofsoybeans，(C)_itsbrakepads(刹车片)aremadefromnuts!Well，canthiscarrunveryfast?(D)Certainly!Itcangofromzeroto60milesperhourin2.5seconds，andgoasfastas135milesperhourWhentheracingcarisrunning，itcleansitselfandletsoutoxygen“Ittookusmorethanninemonthsto(E)completetheracingcar，”saidateammember“ThecarisreallygreenYoucanfindmanyofthecarspartsatafarmersmarketoreveninalitterbinbecausemostofthematerials(材料)arewasteinmostpeopleseyesItsfun”However，(F)thiseco-friendly(环保的)carcannotbedrivenintheofficial(正式的)racebecauseoftheenginesunusualfue.(2010沈阳中考)88从文中找出能说明本文中心大意的短语：_沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889488OperationSmilewasstartedbyadoctorandhiswife，anurseIn1982they(A)_tothePhilippines，withagroupofvolunteers(志愿者)tohelpchildrenwhohadproblemswiththeirfacesThesechildrenhadholesintheirlipsorinsidetheirmouthsItwasvery(B)difficultforthesechildrentoeatTheyhelpedmanychildreninthePhilippines，buttheyweresad，because(C)他们没有足够的钱tohelpallthechildren.Theydecidedtostartacharity(慈善机构)SothattheycouldhelpthemTheycalleditOperationSmileNowOperationSmilehelpschildrenin(D)morethantwentydevelopingcountriesandhascured(治愈)abouttenthousandchildrenOperationSmilehaswonmanyprizesforitsworkandin1999，anotherspecialactivitywasstarted，whichwascalled“TheWorldJourneyofHope”Duringthisactivity，morethanfivethousandchiIdrenwithholesintheirmouthsandlipswerecuredineighteendifferentcountriesaroundtheworldOperationSmilealsotrainsdoctorsindevelopingcountriesSOthattheycancontinuetohelpchildreneven(E)_theOperationSmileteamhasleftthecountryChildrenwithseriousproblemsarebroughttotheUSAfortreatment(治疗)(F)Allofthiscostsalot，sopleasegiveasmuchaspossibleManythanksfromthechildrenwhocannowsmile.(2009沈阳中考)82.找出能说明本文中心大意的主题短语:秘诀二:看文章每段首尾句都含有什么中心词,然后判断这几句含有中心词的短语哪句更概括,如：thebest(first,only)waytodo；Theyweremakinge-mailsontheinternetathome),最全的就是说明主题的短语；有时或再多看一下第一段的第二句和第二段的第二句,看一看还有没有更全面的中心短语,从而突破!InJuly2001，ZhangJian,a37-year-oldswimmerlandedinCalais,Franceafterswimmingfortwelvehours.HebecamethefirstChineseevertocrosstheEnglishChannel.The33.8-kilometrechannelhasattractedmanyswimmersbecauseitisoneofthemostdifficulttocross.ZhangJian(A)_at1:30p.m.(Beijingtime)onJuly29,2001.Afterputtingsomeoilonhisskintohelpkeepwarm,he(B)steppedintotheseafromShakespeareBeach,Dover.Mostofthetime,(C)Zhangswamfreestyletosaveenergy.Buthehadtochangehisstylealongthewaybecausetheoceancurrentschangedeverysixhoursandthewaterwassocold.Duringthecrossing,heatesomefoodandhadsomedrinks.AboutthreehoursbeforehelandedinCalais,aBritishguidejumpedintotheseaand(D)和他一起游泳.At1:25a.m.onJuly30,2001,Zhangwalkedontothebeachatlast.(E)Alotofpeoplewerewaitingforhimonthebeach.Amongthemwerehisfamilyandfriends.Theywereveryproudofhim.Aforeignreporterspokehighlyofhim,“Hehasshownuswhatiscourageandwhatisstrength.”(2007沈阳中考)90在文中找出最能解释主题的语句_沈阳吴军高分英语家教024-316889489Isithardforyoutogetupearlyandgetreadyforclasses?SomestudentsatWinterParkHighSchooljustquicklygetupandgotoclassintheirownbedrooms.Ofcourse,theirteachersandclassmatesdonotseethembecauseallthe