[中考英语]初三英语语法练习[整理]-人教版.doc.doc

语法（一）名词一基础知识梳理1可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词分为单数和复数形式，单数名词可用a/an表示数量或类别。名词复数分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化：一般在名词词尾加-s如：cakecakes以s,ch,sh,x等结尾的名词在词尾加-es.如：boxboxes以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加-es.如：citycities以f或fe结尾的名词变f，fe为v再加-es.如：leafleaves以o结尾的名词，有些加-es如：potatopotatoes；有些加-s如：radioradios不规则变化：只有复数形式，如：clothes单复数同形，如：sheep形式上的复数，实际上是单数，如：physics形式上的单数，实际上是复数，如：people特殊变化：manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,childchildren,toothteeth不可数名词一般没有单数形式，在句中全部看作单数形式，也不能与a(an)或数词连用，表示数量得用“数词量数of名词”如：apieceofmusic。2名词所有格有生命的东西的名词所有格构成：单数名词后加s。如：theboysbike不以s结尾的复数名词在词后加s。如：peoplesson以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加。如：thetwinsmother为两个人或物共有的人或东西，只在后一个名词加s。如：MaryandTomsteacher；如不是两人共有的，分别在两个名词后加s如：LilysandLucysbeds；表示无生命的东西的名词所有格常用介词of名词。如：thedoorofthehouse二中考考题解析例1Imafraidthatnoforyouinmycar,becausetherearealreadyfivepeople.A.landB.groudC.roomD.floor(2003年山西省中考题)解析：本题考查名词同义词辨析。题干中提到车子里没有地方，这里的地方应该是指空间，且不可数名词。正确答案是C。例2Ted,takesometoschool.Itssohotandyoumayfeelthirsty.A.breadB.bananasC.orangesD.juice解析：本题考查名词的意义，通过句意判断要买的是饮料，正确答案是D。例3Arethereanyonthefarm?Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep(2004年沈阳市中考题)解析：本题考查名词的复数，sheep单数复数同形，正确答案是D。例4Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.AnnesandJanesC.AnnesandJaneD.AnneandJanes（2004年河北省中考题）解析：本题考查名词的所有格，bedroom是单数，题中用it代替它，说明此卧室为两个人共有，正确答案是D。三专项练习自测1.Useyour,andyoullfindagoodway.A.headB.mindC.heartD.eye2.Therearetwenty-eightdaysin.A.weekB.monthC.yearD.February3.Wecanseesomeinthepicture.A.shipB.sheepC.shopD.cup4.YesterdayafternoonIsawaintherestaurant.A.GermanyB.AmericanC.EnglishD.German5.Thehospitalisnotfarfromhere.Itsonlyfivewalk.A.minuteB.minutesC.minutesD.minutes6.MaryisanAmericangirl.IgottoknowherthroughanEnglishnewspaper.Weare.A.classmatesB.sistersC.writersD.penfriends7.NationalDayiscoming.Wewillhaveaholiday.A.sevendayB.sevendaysC.seven-dayD.seven-days8.-Oh,thereisntenoughforusonthebus.-Itdoesntmatter.Letswaitforthenext.A.roomB.placeC.groundD.floor9.-PleasegivemeawhenyouarriveinLondon,YangHua.-OK.IlltellyoueverythingwhenIgetthere.A.newspaperB.ringC.TVsetD.ticket10.Thereislittleinthefridge,Letsgoandbuysomecoke,juiceandtea.A.fruitB.drinkC.meatD.wine11.-Whosthatwoman?-Thatsaunt.A.JimandKateB.JimsandKateC.JimandKatesD.JimsandKates12.-Wheresyourfather?-At.A.Mr.ChensB.TheMr.ChensC.ChensD.TheChens13.-Wheresthechurch?-Itsfromourschool.A.twohoursdriveB.twohourdriveC.twohoursdriveD.twohoursdrive14.-Whatsonthetable?-Theresalotofonit.A.orangesB.applesC.foodD.pears15.-Wouldyouhavesome?-Hereyouare.A.eggsandmilkB.eggandmilkC.eggsandmilksD.eggandmilks代词一基础知识梳理1人称代词的主格与宾格主格用做句子的主语。宾格放在动词或介词后面做句子的宾语或表语。如：Igivehimabook.人称代词it可用来表示距离,季节,时间,天气,温度等，也可用来表示不知性别、不明身份的人，有时也可指婴儿。如：Its2kilometresfrommyhometothepark.2形容词性与名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，只能作定语。名词性物主代词可作主语,表语或宾语,不能作定语，其后不可接名词。名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词如：Isthathisruler?Yes.Itshis.3反身代词反身代词在句中可以作宾语，表语或同位语。常见的搭配有byoneself,enjoyoneself,helponeself,teachoneself等。4指示代词指示代词有this,that,these,those等。打电话时常用that问对方是“谁”，用this介绍自己。5疑问代词疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which，一般放在句首，构成特殊疑问句。6不定代词不定代词主要有：some,any,no,both,all,each,every,other(s),another,neither,many,much,few,afew,little,alittle等。some,anysome一般用于肯定句，any用于疑问句,否定句及条件句中。但some还可用在表示请求、邀请、建议等疑问句或说话人希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中。many,much,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much主要用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中多用alotof等。many修饰可数名词的复数，反义词是few。much修饰不可数名词，反义词是little。few,afew用来修饰或指代可数名词，little,alittle用来修饰或指代不可数名词。few,little表示否定，afew,alittle表示肯定。theother,anothertheother指两个中另一个，another指三个或三个以上的“又一”“再一”。both,neither,either,all,noneboth“两者都”，谓语动词用复数形式。neither“两者都不”，谓语动词用单数形式。either“两者任何一个”，谓语动词用单数形式，作定语时只能修饰单数名词。all“全部”，表肯定。none“全部不”，表示全体否定。each,everyeach指两者或两者以上，侧重个别情况。every指三者或三者以上，侧重全体而不在个别。二中考考题解析例1Thismachineisveryeasytouse.canlearntouseitinaveryshorttime.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.NobodyD.Fewpeople(2003年南昌市中考题)解析：本题考查不定代词的词义的用法。根据语境我们得知机器很容易使用，所以“任何人”在短期内都可以学会。正确答案是B。例2Isthisyoursweaterjoy?No,itsnotsweater.isyellow.A.my,MyB.my,MineC.mine,MineD.mine,My(2004年哈尔滨市中考题)解析：本题考查物主代词的用法。形容词性物主代词后要接名词，名词性的物主代词不能接名词。正确答案是B。例3Doyouknowthewomaninthereddress?Certainly.ShesMrsXu.Sheteacheschemistry.A.ourB.usC.weD.ours(2004吉林省中考题)解析：本题考查人称代词的用法。放在动词之后，应用人称代词宾格。正确答案为B。例4JoanandRickyaretoobusytohelpus.Letsdoit.A.herselfB.himselfC.themselvesD.ourselves(2004年山西省中考题)解析：本题考查反身代词的用法。题干的意思是“JohnandRicky太忙了，帮不了我们，只有我们自己去做”。正确答案是D。三专项练习自测1.MrWanghasthreedaughters.ofthemarecollegestudents.A.EachB.EveryC.BothD.All2.IwanttoborrowsomemoneyfromKate,butshehasnt.A.someB.anyC.moneyD.one3.Ifyoudontworkhard,youmayfallbehindstudents.A.theotherB.otherC.othersD.theothers4.Weworkedoutthemathsproblems,didnt?A.ourselves；usB.ourselves；weC.ourselves；ourD.ourselves；ours5.Yourhandwritingisbetterthan.A.IB.meC.mineD.my6.Imoldenoughtowashclothesbymyself.Youcanjustwash.A.my；yourB.your；myC.my；yoursD.mine；yours7.Twolanguagesarethemostwidelyused.OneisChinese,isEnglish.A.anotheroneB.anotherC.theotherD.theothers8.Wewanttogotoseetheanimals.Butofusknowshowtogettothezoo.A.AllB.NoneC.NooneD.Nobody9.Wecouldnteatintherestaurantbecauseofushadmoney.A.any；noB.all；noC.none；anyD.noone；any10.-Isreadyfortheparty?-Notyet.Westillneedtobuysomefruitanddrink.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything11.Thatriverisverydangerous.Sopeopleswimthere.A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little12.Thosecoatsinthisshoparemoreexpensivethan.A.thoseinthatshopB.thosecoatsC.intheshopD.anyotherstudents13.WuFengistallerthaninhisclass.A.anyB.anyotherC.anyotherstudentD.anyotherstudents14.Sorry,Icantansweryourquestions,becauseIknowaboutthesubject.A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle15.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachpersontohave.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one16.-Nicetoseeyou,MrsLiu.-.A.Me,too.B,Thesametoyou.C.Thankyou.D.I,too.17.Ifoundimpossiblefortosolvetheproblem.A.it；heB.it；himC.that；himD.that；he18.-Hello,whoisspeaking?-isJoyspeaking.A.this；ThatB.it；itC.that；ThisD.that；She19.-Isthatmanyourteacher?-Yes,teachesmathsthisterm.A.He；usB.He；ourC.She；usD.She；our20.Idontlikeoftheskirts.Pleaseshowmeathirdone.A.anyB.oneC.eitherD.both数词一基础知识梳理1基数词表示数目的多少用英语表达数字时，十位与个位之间有连字符，百位与千位之间有and。表示概数时用固定短语，如：hundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof2序数词表示数目的顺序序数词前常加the，与不定冠词a连用表示“又一，再一”。3分数的表达方式分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s，如2/3twothirds.二中考考题解析例1Thisbridgeisaboutlong.A.fivehundredmetreB.fivehundredsmetresC.fivehundredmetresD.fivehundredsmetre(2004年西宁市中考题)解析：本题考查数词的基本用法。当hundred前有具体数词修饰时不能用复数，因此，排除B和D。另外metre是可数名词，故正确答案是C。例2-Whatsonefourthandahalf,doyouknow?-Yes,its.A.twosixthsB.threefourthsC.onethreeD.threesixths（2004年杭州市中考题）解析：本题考查分数的表达，根据句意1/4+1/2=3/4，正确答案是B。例3Therearepeopleinmyfamily.Weliveonthefloorinabuilding.A.five；sixB.fifth；sixthCfifth；sixD.five；sixth（2004年长沙市中考题）解析：本题考查基数词与序数词的区别。家里有5个人用基数词，住在第六层用序数词。正确答案是D。三专项练习自测1.Decemberismonthoftheyear.A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelveD.thetwelfth2.foreignerscometoChinaeveryyear.A.ThousandsB.ThreethousandsC.ThousandsofD.Thousandof3.Wednesdayisthedayoftheweek.A.thirdB.fourthC.fifthD.sixth4.MrLiwillbebackin.A.oneortwodaysB.onedayortwoC.aortwodaysD.adayortwo5.ThereareusuallydaysinFebruary.A.27B.28C.30D.316.-WhatstheEnglishfor“6:05”?-Its.A.sixtofiveB.sixpastfiveC.fivetosixD.sixfive7.Eightbilliononehundredandthirty-twothousandandeight-sevenis.A.8,000,132,000B.8,132,000,000C.8,000,132,087D.8,000,132,1878.TheOlympicGamesareheldonce.A.everyfouryearsB.everyfouryearC.every-four-yearD.eachfourthyear9.-holidayiscoming.Whatareyougoingtodo?-Ivenoidea.A.SevendaysB.Seven-daysC.Seven-dayD.Seven-days10.Thedate“July21st,2004”reads.A.Julytwenty-one,twothousandandfourB.Julytwenty-first,twothousandandfourC.Julythetwenty-first,twothousandandfourD.Julythetwenty-one,twozerozerofour介词一基础知识梳理介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，常与动词构成短语动词与名词构成介词短语。下面归纳几种常用的介词：1in,at,on,toin,at,on可以表示时间，in表示一段时间。at多用于钟点时刻前。on主要在星期几，具体某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或节日前。in,at,on还可以表示地点。in表示国家城市等大地方，at表示某一点或用于小地点前。in表示“在里面”，on表示“在上”。in,to,on可表示方位，in表示在某一地区之间的方位（属于该范围），on表示与某一地区的比邻关系，to表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）。2between,amongbetween常指“在（两者）之间”，among“在（三者或三者以上的人或物之间）。3above,over,on,below,underabove和over都表示“在上方”。above指在上方的任意一点，表示在某物上的高低位置，不接触，反义词为below。over一般指垂直方向，反义词under。on“在上面”且互相接触。4by,in,within用来表示“用语言，声音等”，也可表示“用工具，材料等”。by后一般跟动名词或抽象化的可数名词（其前不用冠词）“用手段或方式”。with表示借助于某一具体的工具，材料或人体器官。5in,afterin,after都可用来表示“在以后”。in表示从现在算到若干时间以后，in只可接时间段，in+一段时间，常用于将来时。after表从过去算起到若干时间以后，后可接时间段或时间点，after+时间点也可用于将来时。6across,through,pastacross表示“从表面穿过”或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作，表示游渡乘船过海时用across。through表示“从中间穿过”。past表示“从旁边经过”。初中常见有介词固定搭配的词组：agreewith,atfirst,atnight,atonce,attheageof,atthebeginning/end/headof,atthemoment,attimes,atthesametime,befamousfor,befullof,begoodat,beinterestedin,bemadeof/in,bepleasedwith,beproudof,beusedfor,byplane/sea,bytheway,catchupwith,comein/on,comeover,comeout,comeupwith,dowellin,dropoff,fallbehind,falloff,findout,firstofall,forexample,fromto,getonwellwith,geton,giveup,hardin,hearof,helpyourselfto,helpwith,holdon,hourafterhour,inahurry,inEnglish,infact,infront,infrontof,intheair,intheend,inthefuture,inthisway,intime,insteadof,kindsof,lateron,laughat,learnfrom,leavebehind,listento,liveon,lookafter,lookat,lookfor,looklike,lookout,lookup,makeroomfor,multiplyby，nextto,notatall,ondisplay,onearth，onfoot,nooneswayto,noshow,ontheleft/right,ontheotherhand,ontime,onwatch,outof,payfor,playajokeon,pointat,pointto,puton,putup,putoff,regardas,ringup,runout,saygoodbyeto,speakhighlyof,standinline,stepinto,stopfrom,takecareof,talkabout,talkwith,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,toonessurprise,tryon,tryout,turndown/off/on,upanddown,waitfor,wakeup,whatabout,workout二中考考题解析例1Donttellanybodyaboutit,keepityouandme.A.withB.inC.betweenD.among（2004年山西省中考题）解析：本题考查介词的用法。between指两者之间，among指三者或三者以上的人或物之间，正确答案是C。例2Mygrandfatheroftenreadsnewspapersbreakfast.A.onB.inC.atD.of(2004年昆明市中考题)解析：本题考查介词on,in,at在表达时间时的区别。在表示时间的一点、一时刻时通常用介词at；in指某个较长的时间内；在具体时日和一个特定的时间前用on，因此正确答案是C。例3XinjiangisoneofthelargestprovincesinChina.ItsthenorthwestofChina.A.atB.inC.toD.from解析：本题考查介词in,to表示方位的区别。in表示某一地区的范围内，to表示某一地区之外，在范围外，正确答案是B。例4TheengineerwillreturnfromMacaoafewdays.A.sinceB.inC.onD.after(2003年昆明市中考题)解析：本题考查in,after表示时间的区别。in后跟一段时间，用于将来时；after后跟一个时间点。正确答案时B。三专项练习自测1.Hisfatherwaslatethemeetingyesterday.A.atB.forC.toD.in2.thehelpofTVwecanknowmoreaboutmanyothercountries.A.UnderB.OnC.WithD.About3.Theteachercameintotheclassroomabookinherhand.A.forB.hadC.ofD.with4.Thesebeautifulflowersaremadesilk.A.aboutB.byC.ofD.with5.ThemenredsportsshirtsaretheplayersofGuoanTeam.A.atB.inC.fromD.with6.Helikesthebookalot.Hespendtwenty-eightyuanit.A.onB.inC.byD.at7.HanMeiisbetterthanmedancing.A.atB.inC.ofD.for8.Ioftenhavesomevegetableslunchatschool.A.inB.forC.ofD.to9.Whicheventswashethissportsmeeting?A.atB.ofC.onD.in10.Thatsverykindyou.Iknowitsverydifficultyou.A.for；forB.of；ofC.for；ofD.of；for11.Theparkisverybeautiful,withflowersgrowingtheriverbank.A.acrossB.alongC.roundD.through12.Thankyouyourhelp.Ifinishedtheworkintime.A.forB.toC.ofD.with13.WearriveNanjinglatenight.AndsoonIfoundahotel.A.in；inB.at；atC.at；inD.in；at14.Theydidntcomeherebusiness,butaholiday.A.for；onB.on；atC.on；forD.for；for15.ayoungman,youshouldbealwaysreadyhelpothers.A.As；toB.Like；toC.As；forD.Like；for连词一基础知识梳理连词可以连接词与词、短语与短语及句子与句子。连词分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。1初中学过的并列连词有：and,but,notonlybutalso，so,or,neithernor,aswellas,bothand,whetheror,eitheror2初中学过的从属连词有：when,while,as,after,before,since,until/till,assoonas,because,if,unless,ev