2012年职称英语综合类新增文章篇目（阅读判断、概括大意、阅读理解、补全对话）.doc.doc

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章篇目阅读判断（2篇）第七篇ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland*第十一篇ComputerMouse概括大意与完成句子（2篇）第六篇HowWeFormFirstlmpression第十篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage阅读理解（15篇）第一篇TellingTalesaboutPeople第八篇TheChangingMiddleClass第十篇ALetterfromAlan第十一篇TheDevelopmentofBallet第十六篇TheSahara*第十九篇TheFamily*第二十篇TalesoftheTerriblePast*第二十六篇SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo*第三十篇“Lucky”LordLucan-AliveorDead*第三十三篇OseolaMcCarty+第三十四篇ToHaveandHaveNot+第三十五篇GoingHerOwnWay+第三十七篇PopMusicinAfrica+第三十八篇WhySoManyChildren?+第四十七篇NarrowEscape补全短文（2篇）第九篇HeatIsKiller*第十一篇VirtualDriver注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读判断，请参见第4页；概括大意与完成句子，请参见第8页；阅读理解，请参见第13页；补全短文，请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。阅读判断第七篇ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007，topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.Severalthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpower1inKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.ltfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride,3saidthewoman.TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequake4struckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel5，about8.5milessouthofDover6andneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel7.Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds.Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttome.saidHendrickvanEck，27，ofCanterbury8about60milessoutheastofLondon.Ithenheardthesoundofcracking，anditwasgettingheavierandheavier9.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown.Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyear，buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham10.ThecountrysstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931，measuring6.1ontheRichterscale11.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggesterthquakesevertostrikeBritain，includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.12Mussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftime13beforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However，peopleshouldnotbescaredtoomuchbythisprediction，Mussonsaid，asthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.词汇:moderate/mdrit/adj.中等的magnitude/mgnitju:d/n.值，强度量topple/tpl/v.倾倒，震倒rouse/ravz/v.唤醒tremor/trem(r)/n.震动hop/hp/v.齐足跳起fun-fairn.公共露天游乐场scale/skeil/n.震级forthcoming/f:kmi)/adj.即将来临的evacuate/ivkjveit/v.疏散geological/dildikl/adj.地质的注释:1.power:电力2.KentCounty:肯特郡位于英格兰东南部3.Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride.它(地震)给人的感觉是整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动.ride是游乐场供人玩乐的乘坐式的活动装置。asif是好像一样；仿佛，例如:HetreatedmeasifIwerehisson.他待我如同待他的儿子一样。4.the.4.3-magnitudequake:里氏4.3级地震5.EnglishChannel:英吉利海峡6.Dover:多佛尔英格兰东南部港口城市7.ChannelTunnel:海峡隧道。ChannelTunnel(常简称为Chunnel)是连接英法两国的海峡隧道。8.Canterbury:坎特伯雷英格兰东南部城市，中世纪时曾是宗教朝圣圣地9.itwasgettingheavierandheavier:爆裂声越来越响10.Birmingham:伯明翰英格兰中部城市11.theRichterscale:里氏震级表。美国地震学家CharlesFrancisRichter(1900-1985)于1935年制定了地震震级表。12.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain，includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.英国地质勘测所的科学家RogerMusson说，4月28日发生地震的地区曾经遭受过几起英国最大的地震，其中的一次发生在1580年，那次地震蹂躏了伦敦，并波及法国。13.amatteroftime:时间问题。又如:Itsnotamatterofmoney.这个不是钱的问题。练习:1.DuringtheApril28earthquake，thewholeEnglandwasleftwithoutpower.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2.TheChannelTunnelwasclosedfor10hoursaftertheearthquakeoccurred.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3.Itwasreportedthatoneladyhadgotherheadandneckinjured，butnotseriously.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4.FranceandseveralotherEuropeancountriessenttheirmedicalteamstoworksidebysidewiththeBritishdoctors.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5.ThecountrysstrongestearthquaketookplaceinLondonin1580.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6.MussonpredictedthatanotherearthquakewouldoccurinsoutheastEnglandsoonerorlater.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEnglandisrarelyhitbyhighmagnitudeearthquakes.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned答案与题解:1.B题句说2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格兰都停电，与短文第一段第一句表达的内容不符。短文说地震殃及英格兰东南部的肯特郡部分地区，电力中断，几千名居民无电可用。所以，题句是错误的，答案为B。2.C本题所说的意思是:地震发生后，海峡隧道关闭了10小时。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。3.A题句的意思是:地震中一个妇女的头部和颈部受了点轻伤。题句表达的意思与第一段最后一句表达的内容相符。所以选项A是答案。4.C题句表达的意思是:法国和其他几个欧洲国家派遣他们的医疗队去英国与当地的医生并肩工作。这一内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。5.B题句所说的英国最强烈的地震于1580年发生在伦敦，这与短文表述的事实不符。短文第七段第一句明白无误地说，英国最强烈的地震于1931年发生在北海。题句表达的信息是错误的，故答案为B。6.A题句说Masson预言在英格兰东南部迟早将发生另一次地震。这一说法与短文最后一段第三句所表达的意思相符。所以答案是A。7.A短文第六段第一句说，全球每年发生强度为里氏4级左右的地震有几千次，但是这种中等强度的地震在英格兰很少发生。据此，读者可以容易地推断出，高震级的地震在英格兰就更少见了。*第十一篇ComputerMouseThebasiccomputermouseisanamazinglycleverinventionwitharelativelysimpledesignthatallowsustopointatthingsonthecomputeranditisveryproductive.Thinkofallthethingsyoucandowithamouselikeselectingtextforcopyingandpasting1，drawing，andevenscrollingonthepagewiththenewermicewiththewheel.Mostofususethecomputermousedailywithoutstoppingtothink2howitworksuntilitgetsdirtyandwehavetolearnhowtocleanit.Welearntopointatthingsbeforewelearntospeak，sothemouseisaverynaturalpointingdevice.Qthercomputerpointingdevicesincludelightpens，graphicstabletsandtouchscreens，butthemouseisstillourworkhorse.Thecomputermousewasinventedin1964byDouglasEnglehartofStanfordUniversity.Ascomputerscreensbecamemorepopularandarrowkeyswereusedtomovearoundabodyoftext，itbecameclearthatapointingdevicethatallowedeasiermotionthroughthetextandevenselectionoftextwouldbeveryuseful.Theintroductionofthemouse，withtheAppleLisacomputerin1983，reallystartedthecomputerpublicontheroadtorelyingonthemouseforroutinecomputertasks.3Howdoesthemousework?Wehavetostartatthebottom，sothinkupsidedownfornow.Itallstartswiththemouseball.Asthemouseballinthebottomofthemouserollsoverthemousepad，itpressesagainstandturnstwoshafts.Theshaftsareconnectedtowheelswithseveralsmallholesinthem.Thewheelshaveapairofsmallelectroniclight-emittingdevicescalledlight-emittingdiodes(LED)mountedoneitherside4.OneLEDsendsalightbeamtotheLEDontheotherside.Asthewheelsspinandaholerotatesby，thelightbeamgetsthroughtotheLEDontheotherside.Butamomentlaterthelightbeamisblockeduntilthenextholeisinplace.TheLEDdetectsachangingpatternoflight，convertsthepatternintoanelectronicsignal，andsendsthesignaltothecomputerthroughwiresinacablethatgoesoutofthemousebody.Thiscableisthetailthathelpsgivethemouseitsname.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignaltotellitwheretopositionthecursoronthecomputerscreen.Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthebasiccomputermousethatmostofyouprobablyhaveorhaveused.5Oneproblemwiththisdesignisthatthemousegetsdirtyastheballrollsoverthesurfaceandpicksupdirt.Eventuallyyouhavetocleanyourmouse.Theneweropticalmiceavoidthisproblembyhavingnomovingparts.词汇:scroll/skrul/v.(在显示屏上)上下移动文本pad/pd/n.垫板mousepad鼠标垫板graphics/grfiks/n.图形，图表tablet/tblit/n.书写板graphicstablet图形书写板workhorse/w:kh:s/n.重负荷工作部件shaft/a:ft/n.轴，杆状物emit/imit/v.射出diode/daiud/n.二极管cursor/k:Sr/n.光标optical/ptikl/adj.光学的注释:1.copyingandpasting:复制和粘贴2.withoutstoppingtothink:没有停下来想一下。stop+动词不定式是停下来去做某件事，stop+动名词是停止做某件事。例如:Westoppedtorestforawhile.我们停下来休息一会儿。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止抽烟。3.startedthecomputerpublicontheroadtorelyingonthemouseforroutinecomputertasks.使广大计算机用户开始踏上一条依赖鼠标完成常规计算机工作的道路。computerpublic:广大计算机用户。roadto中的to是介词，所以后接动名词relying。4.mountedoneitherside=mountedonbothsides5.Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthebasiccomputermousethatmostofyouprobablyhaveorhaveused.到目前为止，我们只限于讨论大多数人应该拥有或用过的基本型的计算机鼠标。练习:1.Mostcomputeruserswanttoknowhowthecomputermouseworks.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2.Accordingtotheauthor，generalcomputerusersneednottoknowhowthecomputermousewasinvented.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3.Thecomputermousederivesitsnamefromthecablethatgoesoutitsbody，whichlookslikethetailofamouse.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4.ThekeycomponentsofacomputermousearethetwoLEDs.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5.Whenanordinarycomputermousegefsdirty，ithastobereplacedwithanewone.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6.ThemostdurablecomputermiceonsalearetheIBMones.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7.Theopticalmouseissuperiortothebasiconeinthattheformerhasnomovingparts.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned答案与题解:1.B题句的意思是大多数计算机使用者都想了解鼠标的工作原理。这与短文的介绍不符。短文第一段第三句说，大多数计算机使用者天天用计算机，却没有想到要了解一下鼠标的工作原理。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。2.C题句表达的意思是，短文作者认为一般计算机使用者无须了解鼠标是如何发明的。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。3.A题句说鼠标的名称源自鼠标主体拖出的一根看上去像鼠尾巴的电线，这与短文第三段倒数第二句、第三句所介绍的信息相符，所以，本题选项A是正确答案。4.A短文的第三段说到，鼠标的部件有滚动部件如滚球，还有光电装置如二极管等。二极管将光信号转换为电信号，传送到计算机，计算机根据收到的电信号作出相应的反应，因此，二极管是鼠标的主要部件，而滚轮等只是辅助性的机械部件。题句对短文信息的推断是正确的，故答案为A。5.B题句说鼠标脏了，就得更换新的。这一说法与短文包含的信息不符。第一段第三句和末段倒数第二句都提到，鼠标脏了，可以擦干净再用。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。6.C题句说，当前市场上出售的最耐用的鼠标是IBM生产的鼠标。这一说法短文中找不到，故答案为C。7.A末段说到光电鼠标因为没有普通鼠标使用的滚动部件，所以不会吸附灰尘，用不着擦拭，这是一种新型的鼠标。题句是对短文信息的一种合理推断，所以选项A是正确的。概括大意与完成句子第六篇HowWeFormFirstlmpression1WeallhavefirstimpressionOfsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?WhydoweformanopinionaboutSomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.2Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits，evenveryminordifferenceinhowapersonseyes，ears，nose，ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferene1.Infact，yourbraincontinuouslyprocessincomingsensoryinformation-thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainst2ahostofmemoriesstoredinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignalsmean.3Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool3，yourbrainsaysfamiliarandsafe.Ifyouseesomeonenew，itsays，new-potentially，threatening.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithotherknownmemories.Theheight，weight，dress，ethnicity，gestures，andtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics，themoreyourbrainmaysay，Thisisnew.Idontlikethisperson.Orelse，Imintrigued.Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes，ethnicity，gestures-likeyourotherfriends；soyourbrainsays:Ilikethisperson.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong44Whenwestereotypepeople，weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople-theirhistory，interest，values，strengths，andtruecharacter-wecategorizethemasjocks，geeks，orfreaks.5However，ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions，wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson，hearabouthisorherlife，hopes，dreams，andbecomeawareofthepersonscharacter，weuseadifferent，morematurestyleofthinking-andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex，whichallowustobehumane.词汇:trait/trei，treit/n.特点，特征，特性host/h?ust/n.一大群，许多simplistic/simplistik/adj.过分单纯化的sensory/sens?ri/adj.感官的，感觉的categorical/k?tig?rikl/adj.绝对的cortex/k?:teks/n.脑皮层jock/d?k/n.骗子ethnicity/enis?ti/n.种族特点geek/gi:k/n.反常的人intrigue/intri:g/v.激起兴趣stereotype/steri?taip/v.对产生成见freak/fri:k/n.怪人humane/hju:mein，hju-/adj.有人情味的，人文的注释:1.Your?rain，issosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits，evenveryminordifferenceinhowapersonseyes，ears，nose，ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent.从even开始到asdifferent是个结果状语从句，相当于thatevenveryminor.，而that是与主句中的so呼应的。2.against:和对比3.Ifyouseesomeoneyouknow，andlikeschool.:如果你在学校里看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人，like在这里是动词。4.deadwrong:相当于completelywrongdeadwrong是口语表达用语。练习:1.Paragraph2_2.Paragraph3_3.Paragraph4_4.Paragraph5_AWaysOfDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressionsBCommentonFirstImpressionCIllustrationOfFirstImpressionDComparingIncomingSensoryInformationAgainstMemoriesEThreateningAspectofFirstImpressionsFDifferencesAmongJocks，GeeksandFreaks5.Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough_.6.Youinterpret_bycomparingitagainstthememoriesalreadystoredinyourbrain.7.Thewaywestereotypepeopleisalessmatureformofthinking，whichissimilarto_.8.Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthanksto_.AastrangerslessmaturetypeofthinkingBthemostcomplexareasofourcortexCtheimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchildDthemeaningofincomingsensoryinformationEthesightsandsoundsoftheworldFanopportunitytoanalyzedifferentformsofthinking答案与题解:1.D本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。2.C本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。3.B本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplisticandcategorical。4.A本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进入一个更深的层次。5.E选E的依据在第二段的第三句。6.D选D的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensoryinformation的意思就是informationperceivedthroughsensoryorgans(视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等)。7.C选C的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是:Whenwestereotypepeople，weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.8.B选B的依据在第五段第二句。第十篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage1Ananimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthattheageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.Washoehadbecomeknowninthescientificcommunity1andaroundtheworldforherabilitytouseAmericanSignLanguage2.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-humantolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebate3aboutprimatesandtheirabilitytounderstandlanguage.2ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoesignlanguagein1966.In1969，theGardnersdescribedWashoesprogressinascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrewtounderstand4about250words.Forexample，Washoemadesignstocommunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.Shealsoaskedquestionslike，Whoiscomingtoplay?Once5thenewsaboutWashoespread，manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirown6intothisnewandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearchchanged.3However，criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguagemovementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtruelanguageskills.Evennowtherearesomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimateslearnsignlanguageonlybymemory，andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.YetWashoeskeepersdisagree.RogerFoutsisaformerstudentoftheGardners7.HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensburg，Washington.There，Washoetaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees，whicharesti