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汽车发动机油路测量设备的机构设计【5张图纸】【优秀】

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摘要

　　　柴油机供油系统多参数的电测量，为研究供油系统喷射特性提供了手段。而且，目前在评估新品开发设计的喷油泵和喷油嘴的性能时，在产品改进和新品试制过程中，为了获得良好的性能指标，往往需要对燃油喷射系统进行大量的调试工作，也常以多参数的电测量作为考核项目之一。柴油发动机油路压力测量设备相关油管嘴端压力与针阀体压力室压力喷油泵的参数选择及其对柴油机性能的影响，以及柴油内燃机异常喷射现象和柴油发动机油路压力测量设备相关油管嘴端压力与针阀体压力室压力。　　　

关键词：压力喷油泵的参数选择；内燃机异常喷射现象；相关油管嘴端压力

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 设计目的1

1.2 柴油发动机的燃料喷射装置概述1

1.3 喷油过程2

1.4 几何供油规律和喷油规律的定义3

1.5 喷油器总成3

2 柴油发动机油路压力测量设备的设计5

2.1 柴油发动机油路压力测量设备控制系统概述5

2.2 柴油发动机油路压力测量设备的原理7

2.3 柴油发动机油路压力测量设备相位调整7

2.4 柴油发动机油路压力测量设备测量线路7

2.5 柴油发动机油路压力测量设备试验结果分析10

2.6 柴油发动机油路压力测量设备校验压电压力传感器11

2.7 柴油发动机油路压力测量设备相关油管嘴端压力与针阀体压力室压力11

3 机械传动选用及设计计算12

3.1 圆锥齿轮的计算12

3.2 主传动轴的相关概算13

3. 3 花键联轴器的计算14

3.4 压力波动的分析15

3.5 燃油的可压缩性15

3.6 管路的容积变化16

3.7 管路中的压力波动16

3.8 喷油泵的参数选择及其对柴油机性能的影响17

3.9 喷油泵的速度特性校正19

3.10 可变减压容积19

3.11 可变的减压作用19

3.12 高压油管20

3.13 柴油内燃机异常喷射现象20

3.14 二次喷射21

3.15 稳定喷射22

4 测试精度23

总结26

致谢28

参考文献29

1 绪论

1.1 设计目的

　　　柴油机供油系统多参数的电测量，为研究供油系统喷射特性提供了手段。而且，目前在评估新品开发设计的喷油泵和喷油嘴的性能时，也常以多参数的电测量作为考核项目之一。因此，测量的精确性就显得越发重要了。

　　　在以往的电测试验中，出现过油嘴已喷油的工况下，测出的油管压力低于油嘴开启压力的情况。例如在二零零二年八月高速一号泵的电测试验中，油嘴开启压力为12。5MPA，当油泵转速为250RPM时，测出的嘴端最高压力只有11。69MPA。还有，日本VE泵在二零零二年九月的试验中，油嘴开启压力为18。13MPA（185kgf/cm2），在油泵转速为390RPM时，测出的嘴端最高压力只有17。013MPA（173。6 kgf/cm2）。在上述两例试验中，油嘴针阀均已开启喷油。

　　　现有使用的传感器、信号转换仪、数据处理仪、都是具有世界先进水平的仪器。精度很高，随机误差很小。这就要考虑是否存在较大的系统误差，即要从测试方法的角度去考虑了。目前一般采用压电式传感器测量压力。压电传感器因其机械强度高，体积小，重量轻、高频特性良好，输出线性好等优点，而被广泛采用。但当被测压力变化频率低，变化幅度小时，压电晶体的电荷量变化难于反映到测量结果中，即压电传感器的低频特性差。而我们测量的油路中存在这种变化频率低、幅度小的压力——高压油管中的残留压力。因此，压电传感器是测不出这种压力的。上面提到的现象极可能是因为测不出残留压力而产生的。

　　　在课题立项时，还曾考虑过压电传感器灵敏度变化问题，还有高压油管嘴端压力与针阀体内压力室的压力差异问题，是否会对压力测量精度产生一定的影响。这些都将在下面的论文中予以阐述。

1.2 柴油发动机的燃料喷射装置概述

　　　燃油喷射装置是柴油机的一个重要组成部分，在产品改进和新品试制过程中，为了获得良好的性能指标，往往需要对燃油喷射系统进行大量的调试工作，根据大量实践表明，对现代柴油机喷射装置的要求是:

　　　(1) 能精确的控制每循环的喷射量(并要求每缸等量)，并在规定的时间内(喷射持续角)喷入汽缸，换言之，即要求具有合适的喷油率。

　　　(2) 为了优化柴油机的性能、烟度、噪声和排放，需要具备能随柴油机负荷和转速变的、精度为±1℃A的喷油提前角。

　　　(3) 为了将柴油和空气混合，需要高的喷射压力，对具有强空气涡流的直喷式或非直喷式柴油机，最大喷射压力为30～40MPA，对低涡流直喷式，最大喷射压力约为45～48MPA，对无涡流直喷式，最大喷射压力在100MPA以上。

　　　近年来，得到蓬勃发展的电控喷射系统，在实现要求（2）方面已比常规的机械液力式喷射装置显示出更大的优越性，并开辟了将喷油系统控制和运输车辆控制结合起来的可能性。1.4 几何供油规律和喷油规律的定义

　　　几何供油规律是指从几何关系上求出的油泵凸轮每转一度（或每妙）喷油泵供入高压系统的燃油量（mm3/（°）泵轴或mm3/s）随凸轮轴转角ψ（或时间t）的变化关系。由于它纯粹是几何关系决定的，因此只要知道柱塞的运动特性即可。

　　　喷油规律是指在喷油过程中，每秒或每度泵轴转角从喷油器喷出的燃油量随时间或泵轴转角的变化关系。

1.5 喷油器总成

　　　喷油器总成对于柴油机来说，有着非常重要的作用。喷油器总成在发动机上的安装及喷油器总成的喷射性能直接影响柴油发动机的动力性、经济性、使用性能及可靠性。喷油器不仅决定着喷雾质量、油束与燃烧室的配合，而且影响喷油特性（喷油时刻、喷油延续时间、喷油规律），这些都直接影响发动机的性能指标。如果喷油不良，油束和燃烧室配合不好，则混合气形成恶化，燃烧变坏，性能下降。在新产品的试制过程中，往往需要对喷油器作大量的调试，才能使柴油机达到设计指标；在使用过程中，常由于喷油器的故障使发动机性能下降，甚至不能运转。所以喷油器是影响柴油机设计指标和使用性能的关键部件之一。

　　　喷油器总成通过法兰、压板和螺套紧固在发动机的气缸头上，它的喷油嘴端深入到发动机气缸的燃烧室内。喷油器的高压油道通过高压油管与喷油泵总成的出油阀接头相连接，回油油路相互连接直接回到油箱。

汽车发动机油路测量设备的机构设计.gif

内容简介：: 无锡太湖学院信机系机械工程及自动化专业毕业设计论文任务书一、题目及专题：1、题目汽车发动机油路压力测量设备的机构设计 2、专题二、课题来源及选题依据结合自己实习经验观察，国内油路压力测量设备尚未普及，生产效率的提升空间很大。前景一片广阔三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求： 1、了解发动机及其压力设备的基本结构 2、了解内燃机异常喷射现象 3、充分理解机械传动的计算并完成相关图纸，折合A0图纸不少于3张 4、完成机械类相关文献翻译8000字符左右四、接受任务学生：机械93 班姓名孙墅阳五、开始及完成日期：自2012年11月7日至2013年5月25日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师签名签名签名教研室主任学科组组长研究所所长签名系主任签名2012年11月12日英文原文Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive costConveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do soNowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors performanceAn efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limitsFor load sharing on multiple drivestorque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive systems design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliableCost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers choices1.1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies11 Direct drivesFull-voltage startersWith a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear driveDirect full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyorsWith direct fu11-voltage startersno control is provided for various conveyor loads anddepending on the ratio between fu11- and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full loadThe maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliableHowever, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；thereforethey are limited to the low-power, simple-profile conveyor belt drivesReduced-voltage startersAs conveyor power requirements increase，controlling the applied motor torque during the acceleration period becomes increasingly importantBecause motor torque 1s a function of voltage，motor voltage must be controlledThis can be achieved through reduced-voltage starters by employing a silicon controlled rectifier(SCR)A common starting method with SCR reduced-voltage starters is to apply low voltage initially to take up conveyor belt slackand then to apply a timed linear ramp up to full voltage and belt speedHowever, this starting method will not produce constant conveyor belt accelerationWhen acceleration is completethe SCRs, which control the applied voltage to the electric motor are locked in full conduction, providing fu11-line voltage to the motorMotors with higher torque and pullup torque，can provide better starting torque when combined with the SCR starters, which are available in sizes up to 750 KWWound rotor induction motorsWound rotor induction motors are connected directly to the drive system reducer and are a modified configuration of a standard AC induction motorBy inserting resistance in series with the motors rotor windingsthe modified motor control system controls motor torqueFor conveyor starting，resistance is placed in series with the rotor for low initial torqueAs the conveyor accelerates，the resistance is reduced slowly to maintain a constant acceleration torqueOn multiple-drive systemsan external slip resistor may be left in series with the rotor windings to aid in load sharingThe motor systems have a relatively simple designHowever, the control systems for these can be highly complex，because they are based on computer control of the resistance switchingToday，the majority of control systems are custom designed to meet a conveyor systems particular specificationsWound rotor motors are appropriate for systems requiring more than 400 kW DC motorDC motorsavailable from a fraction of thousands of kW ，are designed to deliver constant torque below base speed and constant kW above base speed to the maximum allowable revolutions per minute(r/min)with the majority of conveyor drives, a DC shunt wound motor is usedWherein the motors rotating armature is connected externallyThe most common technology for controlling DC drives is a SCR device which allows for continual variable-speed operationThe DC drive system is mechanically simple, but can include complex custom-designed electronics to monitor and control the complete systemThis system option is expensive in comparison to other soft-start systemsbut it is a reliable, cost-effective drive in applications in which torque,1oad sharing and variable speed are primary considerationsDC motors generally are used with higher-power conveyors，including complex profile conveyors with multiple-drive systems，booster tripper systems needing belt tension control and conveyors requiring a wide variable-speed range12 Hydrokinetic couplingHydrokinetic couplings，commonly referred to as fluid couplingsare composed of three basic elements; the driven impeller, which acts as a centrifugal pump；the driving hydraulic turbine known as the runner and a casing that encloses the two power componentsHydraulic fluid is pumped from the driven impeller to the driving runner, producing torque at the driven shaftBecause circulating hydraulic fluid produces the torque and speed，no mechanical connection is required between the driving and driven shaftsThe power produced by this coupling is based on the circulated fluids amount and density and the torque in proportion to input speedBecause the pumping action within the fluid coupling depends on centrifugal forcesthe output speed is less than the input speedReferred to as slipthis normally is between l% and 3%Basic hydrokinetic couplings are available in configurations from fractional to several thousand kW Fixed-fill fluid couplingsFixed-fill fluid couplings are the most commonly used soft-start devices for conveyors with simpler belt profiles and limited convex/concave sectionsThey are relatively simple,1ow-cost,reliable,maintenance free devices that provide excellent soft starting results to the majority of belt conveyors in use todayVariable-fill drain couplingsDrainable-fluid couplings work on the same principle as fixed-fill couplingsThe couplings impellers are mounted on the AC motor and the runners on the driven reducer high-speed shaftHousing mounted to the drive base encloses the working circuitThe couplings rotating casing contains bleed-off orifices that continually allow fluid to exit the working circuit into a separate hydraulic reservoirOil from the reservoir is pumped through a heat exchanger to a solenoid-operated hydraulic valve that controls the filling of the fluid couplingTo control the starting torque of a single-drive conveyor system，the AC motor current must be monitored to provide feedback to the solenoid control valveVariable fill drain couplings are used in medium to high-kW conveyor systems and are available in sizes up to thousands of kW The drives can be mechanically complex and depending on the control parametersthe system can be electronically intricateThe drive system cost is medium to high, depending upon size specifiedHydrokinetic scoop control driveThe scoop control fluid coupling consists of the three standard fluid coupling components：a driven impeller, a driving runner and a casing that encloses the working circuitThe casing is fitted with fixed orifices that bleed a predetermined amount of fluid into a reservoirWhen the scoop tube is fully extended into the reservoir, the coupling is l00 percent filledThe scoop tube, extending outside the fluid coupling，is positioned using an electric actuator to engage the tube from the fully retracted to the fully engaged positionThis control provides reasonably smooth acceleration ratesto but the computer-based control system is very complexScoop control couplings are applied on conveyors requiring single or multiple drives from l50 kW to 750 kW.13 Variable-frequency control(VFC)Variable frequency control is also one of the direct drive methodsThe emphasizing discussion about it here is because that it has so unique characteristic and so good performance compared with other driving methods for belt conveyor VFC devices Provide variable frequency and voltage to the induction motor, resulting in an excellent starting torque and acceleration rate for belt conveyor drivesVFC drivesavailable from fractional to several thousand(kW ), are electronic controllers that rectify AC line power to DC and，through an inverter, convert DC back to AC with frequency and voltage contro1VFC drives adopt vector control or direct torque control(DTC)technology，and can adopt different operating speeds according to different loadsVFC drives can make starting or stalling according to any given S-curvesrealizing the automatic track for starting or stalling curvesVFC drives provide excellent speed and torque control for starting conveyor beltsand can also be designed to provide load sharing for multiple driveseasily VFC controllers are frequently installed on lower-powered conveyor drives，but when used at the range of medium-high voltage in the pastthe structure of VFC controllers becomes very complicated due to the limitation of voltage rating of power semiconductor devices，the combination of medium-high voltage drives and variable speed is often solved with low-voltage inverters using step-up transformer at the output，or with multiple low-voltage inverters connected in seriesThree-level voltage-fed PWM converter systems are recently showing increasing popularity for multi-megawatt industrial drive applications because of easy voltage sharing between the series devices and improved harmonic quality at the output compared to two-level converter systems With simple series connection of devicesThis kind of VFC system with three 750 kW /23kV inverters has been successfully installed in ChengZhuang Mine for one 27-km long belt conveyor driving system in following the principle of three-level inverter will be discussed in detail2 Neutral point clamped(NPC)three-level inverter using IGBTsThree-level voltage-fed inverters have recently become more and more popular for higher power drive applications because of their easy voltage sharing features1ower dv/dt per switching for each of the devices，and superior harmonic quality at the outputThe availability of HV-IGBTs has led to the design of a new range of medium-high voltage inverter using three-level NPC topologyThis kind of inverter can realize a whole range with a voltage rating from 23 kV to 41 6 kV Series connection of HV-IGBT modules is used in the 33 kV and 41 6 kV devicesThe 23 kV inverters need only one HV-IGBT per switch2,3.21 Power sectionTo meet the demands for medium voltage applicationsa three-level neutral point clamped inverter realizes the power sectionIn comparison to a two-level inverterthe NPC inverter offers the benefit that three voltage levels can be supplied to the output terminals，so for the same output current quality，only 1/4 of the switching frequency is necessaryMoreover the voltage ratings of the switches in NPC inverter topology will be reduced to 1/2and the additional transient voltage stress on the motor can also be reduced to 1/2 compared to that of a two-level inverter The switching states of a three-level inverter are summarized in Table 1UV and W denote each of the three phases respectively；P N and O are the dc bus pointsThe phase U，for example，is in state P(positive bus voltage)when the switches S1u and S2u are closed，whereas it is in state N (negative bus voltage) when the switches S3u and S4u are closedAt neutral point clamping，the phase is in O state when either S2u or S3u conducts depending on positive or negative phase current polarity，respectivelyFor neutral point voltage balancing，the average current injected at O should be zero22 Line side converterFor standard applicationsa l2-pulse diode rectifier feeds the divided DC-link capacitorThis topology introduces low harmonics on the line sideFor even higher requirements a 24-pulse diode rectifier can be used as an input converterFor more advanced applications where regeneration capability is necessary, an active frontend converter can replace the diode rectifier, using the same structure as the inverter23 Inverter controlMotor Contro1Motor control of induction machines is realized by using a rotor fluxoriented vector controllerFig2 shows the block diagram of indirect vector controlled drive that incorporates both constant torque and high speed field-weakening regions where the PW M modulator was usedIn this figure，the command flux is generated as function of speedThe feedback speed is added with the feed forward slip command signal . the resulting frequency signal is integrated and then the unit vector signals(cos and sin )are generatedThe vector rotator generates the voltage and angle commands for the PW M as shownPWM ModulatorThe demanded voltage vector is generated using an elaborate PWM modulatorThe modulator extends the concepts of space-vector modulation to the three-level inverterThe operation can be explained by starting from a regularly sampled sine-triangle comparison from two-level inverterInstead of using one set of reference waveforms and one triangle defining the switching frequency， the three-level modulator uses two sets of reference waveforms Ur1 and Ur2 and just one triangleThus, each switching transition is used in an optimal way so that several objectives are reached at the same time Very low harmonics are generatedThe switching frequency is low and thus switching losses are minimizedAs in a two-level inverter, a zero-sequence component can be added to each set of reference waveform s in order to maximize the fundamental voltage componentAs an additional degree of freedom，the position of the reference waveform s within the triangle can be changedThis can be used for current balance in the two halves of the DC-1ink3 Testing resultsAfter Successful installation of three 750 kW /23 kV three-level inverters for one 27 km long belt conveyor driving system in Chengzhuang MineThe performance of the whole VFC system was testedFig3 is taken from the test，which shows the excellent characteristic of the belt conveyor driving system with VFC controllerFig3 includes four curvesThe curve 1 shows the belt tensionFrom the curve it can be find that the fluctuation range of the belt tension is very smal1Curve 2 and curve 3 indicate current and torque separatelyCurve 4 shows the velocity of the controlled beltThe belt velocity have the“s”shape characteristicA1l the results of the test show a very satisfied characteristic for belt driving system4 ConclusionsAdvances in conveyor drive control technology in recent years have resulted in many more reliableCost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive system choices for usersAmong these choices，the Variable frequency control (VFC) method shows promising use in the future for long distance belt conveyor drives due to its excellent performancesThe NPC three-level inverter using high voltage IGBTs make the Variable frequency control in medium voltage applications become much more simple because the inverter itself can provide the medium voltage needed at the motor terminals，thus eliminating the step-up transformer in most applications in the pastThe testing results taken from the VFC control system with NPC three1evel inverters used in a 27 km long belt conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine indicates that the performance of NPC three-level inverter using HV-IGBTs together with the control strategy of rotor field-oriented vector control for induction motor drive is excellent for belt conveyor driving system中文译文带式输送机及其牵引系统在运送大量的物料时，带式输送机在长距离的运输中起到了非常重要的竞争作用。输送系统将会变得更大、更复杂，而驱动系统也已经历了一个演变过程，并将继续这样下去。如今，较大的输送带和多驱动系统需要更大的功率,比如3驱动系统需要给输送带750KW (成庄煤矿输送机驱动系统的要求)。控制驱动力和加速度扭矩是输送机的关键。一个高效的驱动系统应该能顺利的运行,同时保持输送带张紧力在指定的安全极限负荷内。为了负载分配在多个驱动上，扭矩和速度控制在驱动系统的设计中也是很重要的因素。由于输送机驱动系统控制技术的进步,目前更多可靠的低成本和高效驱动的驱动系统可供顾客选择1。1 带式输送机驱动1.1 带式输送机驱动方式全电压启动在全电压启动设计中，带式输送机驱动轴通过齿轮传动直接连接到电机。直接全压驱动没有为变化的传送负载提供任何控制,根据满载和空载功率需求的比率，空载启动时比满载可能快34倍。此种方式的优点是:免维护,启动系统简单，低成本，可靠性高。但是，不能控制启动扭矩和最大停止扭矩。因此，这种方式只用于低功率,结构简单的传送驱动中。降压启动随着传送驱动功率的增加,在加速期间控制使用的电机扭矩变得越来越重要。由于电机扭矩是电压的函数,电机电压必须得到控制，一般用可控硅整流器(SCR) 构成的降压启动装置，先施加低电压拉紧输送带,然后线性的增加供电电压直到全电压和最大带速。但是，这种启动方式不会产生稳定的加速度，当加速完成时,控制电机电压的SCR 锁定在全导通，为电机提供全压。此种控制方式功率可达到750kW。绕线转子感应电机绕线转子感应电机直接连接到驱动系统减速机上,通过在电机转子绕组中串联电阻控制电机转矩。在传送装置启动时,把电阻串联进转子产生较低的转矩，当传送带加速时，电阻逐渐减少保持稳定增加转矩。在多驱动系统中，一个外加的滑差电阻可能将总是串联在转子绕组回路中以帮助均分负载。该方式的电机系统设计相对简单，但控制系统可能很复杂，因为它们是基于计算机控制的电阻切换。当今，控制系统的大多数是定制设计来满足传送系统的特殊规格。绕线转子电机适合于需要400kW以上的系统。直流(DC)电机大多数传送驱动使用DC 并励电机，电机的电枢在外部连接。控制DC 驱动技术一般应用SCR装置，它允许连续的变速操作。DC 驱动系统在机械上是简单的,但设计的电子电路，监测和控制整个系统，相比于其他软启动系统的选择是昂贵的，但在转矩、负载均分和变速为主要考虑的场合,它又是一个可靠的，节约成本的方式。DC 电机一般使用在功率较大的输送装置上,包括需要输送带张力控制的多驱动系统和需要宽变速范围的输送装置上。1.2 液力偶合器流体动力偶合器通常被称为液力偶合器，由三个基本单元组成：充当离心泵的叶轮,推进水压的涡轮和装进两个动力部件的外壳。流体从叶轮到涡轮，在从动轴产生扭矩。由于循环流体产生扭矩和速度，在驱动轴和从动轴之间不需要任何机械连接。这种连接产生的动力决定于液力偶合器的充液量，扭矩正比于输入速度。因在流体偶合中输出速度小于输入速度,其间的差值称为滑差,一般为1 %3 %。传递功率可达几千千瓦。固定充液液力偶合器固定充液液力偶合器是在结构较简单和仅具有有限的弯曲部分的输送装置中最常用的软启动装置，其结构相对比较简单，成本又低，对现在使用的大多数输送机能提供优良的软启动效果。可变充液液力偶合器也称为限矩型液力偶合器。偶合器的叶轮装在AC 电机上,涡轮装在从动减速器高速轴上，包含操作部件的轴箱安装在驱动基座。偶合器的旋转外壳有溢出口,允许液体不断地从工作腔中流出进入一个分离的辅助腔，油从辅助腔通过一个热交换器泵到控制偶合器充液量的电磁阀。为了控制单机传动系统的启动转矩,必须监测AC 电机电流,给电磁阀的控制提供反馈。可变充液液力偶合器可使用在中大功率输送系统中，功率可达到数千千瓦。这种驱动无论在机械,或在电气上都是很复杂的，其驱动系统成本中等。勺管控制液力偶合器也称为调速型液力偶合器。此种液力偶合器同样由三个标准的液力偶合单元构成，即叶轮、涡轮和一个包含工作环路的外壳。此种液力偶合器需要在工作腔以外设置导管(也称勺管) 和导管腔，依靠调节装置改变勺管开度(勺管顶端与旋转外壳间距) 人为的改变工作腔的充液量,从而实现对输出转速的调节。这种控制提供了合理的平滑加速度，但其计算机控制系统很复杂。勺管控制液力偶合器可以应用在单机或多机驱动系统，功率范围为150kW750kW。13 变频控制(VFC)变频控制也是一种直接驱动方式，它具有非常独特的高性能。VFC 装置为感应电机提供变化的频率和电压,产生优良的启动转矩和加速度。VFC设备是一个电力电子控制器,首先把AC 整流成DC ，然后利用逆变器，再将DC 转换成频率、电压可控的AC。VFC 驱动采用

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