外文翻译--高效生产一个关于采煤机截割的次序的问题.doc
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中国矿业大学2005届本科生毕业设计第1页英文原文HighProductivity—AQuestionofShearerLoaderCuttingSequencesK.Nienhaus,A.K.Bayer&H.Haut,AachenUniversityofTechnology,GER1AbstractRecently,thefocusinundergroundlongwallcoalmininghasbeenonincreasingtheinstalledmotorpowerofshearerloadersandarmouredfaceconveyors(AFC),moresophisticatedsupportcontrolsystemsandlongerfacelength,inordertoreducecostsandachievehigherproductivity.Theseeffortshaveresultedinhigheroutputandpreviouslyunseenfaceadvancerates.Thetrendtowards“biggerandbetter”equipmentandlayoutschemes,however,israpidlynearingthelimitationsoftechnicalandeconomicalfeasibility.Torealisefurtherproductivityincreases,organisationalchangesoflongwallminingprocedureslooksliketheonlyreasonableanswer.Thebenefitsofopti-misedshearerloadercuttingsequences,leadingtobetterperformance,arediscussedinthispaper.2IntroductionsTraditionally,inundergroundlongwallminingoperations,shearerloadersproducecoalusingeitheroneofthefollowingcuttingsequences:uni-directionalorbi-directionalcycles.Besidesthesepre-dominantmethods,alternativemining中国矿业大学2005届本科生毕业设计第2页cycleshavealsobeendevelopedandsuccessfullyappliedinundergroundhardcoalminesallovertheworld.Thehalf-webcuttingcyclease.g.utilizedinRAGCoalInternational’sTwentymileMineinColorado,USA,andthe“Opti-Cycle”ofMatla’sSouthAfricanshortwalloperationmustbementionedinthiscontext.Othermineshavealsotestedsimilarbutmodifiedcuttingcyclesresultinginimprovedoutput,e.g.improvementsintermsofproductiv-ityincreasesofupto40%arethoughtpossible。Whereasthementionedminesareapplyingthealternativecuttingmethodsaccordingtotheirspe-cificconditions,–e.g.seamheightorequipmentused,–thispaperlookssystematicallyatthediffer-entmethodsfromageneralisedpointofview.Adetaileddescriptionoftheminingcycleforeachcuttingtechnique,includingtheillustrationofproductiveandnon-productivecycletimes,willbefollowedbyabriefpresentationoftheperformedproductioncapacitycalculationandasummaryofthetechnicalrestrictionsofeachsystem.Standardisedequipmentclassesfordifferentseamheightsaredefined,afterthemostsuitableandmostproductiveminingequipmentforeachclassarese-lected.BesidesthetechnicalparametersoftheshearerloaderandtheAFC,thelengthofthelong-wallfaceandthespecificcuttingenergyofthecoalarethemainvariablesforeachheightclassinthemodel.Asaresultofthecapacitycalculations,thedifferentshearercuttingmethodscanbegraphicallycomparedinastandardisedwayshowingtheproductivityofeachmethod.Duetothegeneralchar-acterofthemodel,potentialoptimisations(resultingfromchangesinthecuttingcycleandthebenefitsintermsofhigherproductivityoftheminingoperation)canbederived.3State-of-the-artofshearerloadercuttingsequencesThequestion“Whyaredifferentcuttingsequencesappliedinlongwall中国矿业大学2005届本科生毕业设计第3页mining?”hastobean-swered,beforediscussingthesignificantcharacteristicsintermsofoperationalprocedures.Themajorconstraintsandreasonsfororagainstaspecialcuttingmethodaretheseamheightandhard-nessofthecoal,thegeotechnicalparametersofthecoalseamandthegeologicalsettingofthemineinfluencingthecavingpropertiesaswellasthesubsidenceandespeciallythelengthofthelongwallface.Foreachminingenvironmenttheapplicationofeithersequenceresultsindifferentproductionratesandconsequentlyadvanceratesoftheface.ThecoalflowontotheAFCisanotherpointthatvariesliketheloadsontheshearerloader,especiallytherangingarmsandthestressesandthewearonthepicks.Athoroughanalysisisnecessarytochoosethebest-suitedminingcycle;therefore,generalsolutionsdonotguaranteeoptimalefficiencyandproductivity.Acategorizationofshearerloadercuttingsequencesisrealisedbyfourmajorparameters.Firstly,onecanseparatebetweenminingmethods,whichminecoalintwodirections–meaningfromtheheadtothetailgateandonthereturnrunaswell–orinonedirectiononly.Secondly,thewaytheminingsequencedealswiththesituationatthefaceends,toadvancefacelineafterextract-ingtheequivalentofacuttingweb,isacharacteristicparameterforeachseparatemethod.Thenec-essarytraveldistancewhilesumpingvariesbetweenthesequences,asdoesthetimeneededtoper-formthistask,too.Anotheraspectdefiningthesequencesistheproportionofthewebcuttingcoalperrun.Whereastraditionallythefullwebwasused,theintroductionofmodernAFCandroofsup-portautomationcontrolsystemsallowsforefficientoperationsusinghalfwebmethods.Theforthparameteridentifyingstateoftheartshearerloadercuttingsequencesistheopeningcreatedperrun.Otherthanthepartialorhalf-openingmethodlikethoseusedinMatla’s“Opti-Cycle”,thecuttingheight中国矿业大学2005届本科生毕业设计第4页isequaltothecompleteseamheightincludingpartingsandsofthangingorfootwallmaterial.Bi-directionalcuttingsequenceThebi-directionalcuttingsequence,depictedinFigure1a,ischaracterisedbytwosumpingopera-tionsatthefaceendsinacompletecycle,whichisaccomplishedduringboththeforwardandreturntrip.Thewholelongwallfaceadvanceseachcompletecycleattheequivalentoftwowebdistancesbythecompletionofeachcycle.Theleadingdrumoftheshearercutstheupperpartoftheseamwhilethereardrumcutsthebottomcoalandcleansthefloorcoal.Themaindisadvantagesofthiscuttingmethodarethoughttobetheunproductivetimeresultingfromthefaceendactivitiesandthecomplexoperation.Therefore,thetrendinrecentyearswastoincreasefacelengthtoreducetherelativeimpactofsumpinginfavouroflongerproductiontime.Uni-directionalcuttingsequenceIncontrasttothebi-directionalmethod,theshearerloadercutsthecoalinonesingledirectionwheninuni-directionalmode.Onthereturntrip,thefloor
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