外文翻译数控技术的发展.doc

1NumericalcontroltechnologydevelopmentNumericalcontrolsystemdevelopbirefhistoryandtrendthefirstelectroniccomputerintheworldbornedin1946,thisindicatesthemankindhascreatedthetoolthatcanstrengthenandreplacethementallabourpartly.It,andmankindthosethatcreatetostrengthentoolofmanuallaborcompareamongagriculture,industrialsociety,thequalitativeleaphasarisen,hasestablishedthefoundationthatthemankindenterstheinformation-intensivesociety.6yearslater,namelyin1952,thetechnologyofthecomputerwasappliedtothelathe,thefirstnumericalcontrollathehasemergedinU.S.A.Fromthenon,thetraditionallathehadproducedthechangeofthequality.Innearlyhalfacentury,numericalcontrolsystemgothroughtwostageandsixdevelopmentofgeneration.Thestageofnumericalcontrol(NC)(1952-1970years)Theoperationoftheearlycomputerislowinspeed,influencenotalsobigscientificcaculationanddataprocessingatthattime,butcantmeettheneedsofreal-timecontrolofthelathe.Peoplehavetoadoptthedigitallogicalcircuittoputupandbecomethespecial-purposecomputerofalatheasthenumericalcontrolsystem,knownasthehardwareandconnectnumericalcontrol(HARD-WIREDNC),abbreviateasthenumericalcontrol(NC).Withthedevelopmentofcomponentsandparts,doesthisstagegothroughy?ofthesixthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches?Firstgenerationin952-Electrontube；Secondgenerationin1959-Transistor；Thethirdgenerationin1965-Small-scaleintegratedcircuit.Thestageofnumericalcontrolofthecomputer(CNC)(1970-now)By1970,thesmall-scalecomputerindustryincommonusehasalreadyappearedandproducedbybatch.Thentransplantitoverasthekeypartofsystemofnumericalcontrol,entercomputernumericalcontrolstagefromnowon(whetherdueincommonusetwowordsomitcomputer).By1971,intheworldforthefirsttimetwocentralpartmostofcomputerCompany,INTELofU.S.A.,-arithmeticunitandcontroller,adoptthetechnologyintergrationofthelargescaleintegratedcircuitonachip,callit2microprocessor(MICROPROCESSOR),cancallcentralauthoritiespunishEntrance(abbreviateasCPU).Themicroprocessorisappliedthenumericalcontrolsystemby1974.Thisbecausebeingfunctiontoostrong,minicomcontrolonelatheabilityhaverich(useforcontrollingmanylathesatthattime,callitteamcontrol),havemorerationaleconomythantheadoptionmicroprocessor.Andtheminicomputerdependabilityatthattimewasunsatisfactory.Earlymicroprocessorspeedandfunctionalthoughenoughhigh,cansolvethroughmanyprocessorstructure.Becausethemicroprocessorisakeypartoftheall-purposecomputer,sostillcalledthenumericalcontrolofthecomputer.By1990,theperformanceofthePC(personalcomputer,isusedtocallingthecomputerathome)hasalreadydevelopedintoveryhighstage,canmeetthedemandwhichisregardedasthekeypartofthenumericalcontrolsystem.ThenumericalcontrolsystementeredthestagebasedonPCfromthenon.Inaword,thecomputerwentthroughthreegenerationstooatnumericalcontrolstage.Namelythefourthgenerationin1970-Minicom；Thefifthgenerationin1974-Themicroprocessorandthesixthgenerationof1990-BecauseofPC(callPC-BASEDabroad).Theonesthatwerealsowantedandispointedoutare,thoughhasalreadyrenamedasthenumericalcontrolofthecomputer(namelyCNC)abroad,andourcountryisstillusedtobeingcalledthenumericalcontrol(NC).Soourdailynumericalcontrolthatspeak,hasalreadyreferredtothenumericalcontrolofthecomputerinfact.Futuredevelopmenttrendofnumericalcontrol1.3.1continuetoopen,basedonPCsixgenerationcubicmetertodevelopCharacteristicofenrichingonthebasisofopening,lowcost,highdependability,softwareandhardwareresourcethatPChasetc.,moresystematicmanufacturersofnumericalcontrolwillgoonthisroad.AdoptPCasfrontmachineofit,isitdealwithman-machineinterface,programming,networkcommunication,blemtocomeatleast,undertakenthetaskofnumericalcontrolbythealreadyexistingsystem.The3friendlyman-machineinterfacethatthePChas,willrunthroughallnumericalcontrolsystems.Telecommunication,willdiagnoselong-ranglyandmaintainmoregeneral.DeveloptohighspeedandhighaccuracyThisismeetingtheneedthatthelatheisdevelopedinthehigh-speedandhigh-accuracydirection.DeveloptowardintellectualityWiththeconstantinfiltrationanddevelopmentinthefieldofcomputerofartificialintelligence,theintelligentdegreeofthenumericalcontrolsystemwillbeimprovedconstantly.1)UsetheadaptivecontroltechnologyNumericalcontrolsystemcanofthedetectionproceduresomeimportantinformation,andadjusttherelevantparametersofthesystemautomatically,achievethegoalofimprovingsystematicoperationstate.2)IntroducedtotheexpertsystemandguidedandprocessedExperiencedoperatorandexperienceofexpert,universallawandspeciallawofprocessingdepositsystem,regardparameterdatabaseofthecraftassupport,setuptheexpertsystemwithartificialintelligence.3)Introducethetroubleanddiagnosetheexpertsystem(4)IntelligentdigitalservodriveCanthroughdiscernloadautomatically,adjustparameterautomatically,isiturgesystemwinthebestoperationtomake.Second,necessity2oflathenumericalcontroltransformation.1,WatchthenecessitytransformedalittleLookingfrommicrocosmic,thenumericalcontrollathehasthefollowingandoutstandingsuperioritymorethanthetraditionallathe,andsuperioritythecomefromnumericalcontrolmightofcomputersysteminclude.2.1.1canprocesssuchcomplicatedpartsasthecurvecomingoutintraditionalmachinetooling,curvedsurface,etc.Becausecomputerhavesuperboperationability,caninstantaneoustocalculateouteachcoordinateaxisinstantaneousamountofexercisethatshouldmoveaccurate,socancompoundintothecomplicatedcurveorcurvedsurface.2.1.2canrealizeautomationthatprocess,andflexibleautomation,thusefficiencyraisethanthetraditionallatheby3-7times.Becausethecomputerhasmemoryandstoresability,canrememberandstoretheprocedureinput,thencarryoutautomaticallyaccordingtothe4orderthattheprocedurestipulates,thusrealizeautomation.Solongasnumericalcontrollathechangesaprocedure,canrealizetheautomationthatanotherworkpieceisprocessed,thusmakesinglepieceandproduceautomationofmustusinginsmallbatches,soknownasrealizingflexibleautomation.2.1.3Theprecisionof3processingpartsishigh,thesizeisdisperseddegreesmall,itiseasytoenableassembling,nolongerneedtorepairthedamagedpartsofamachineandsupplyreplacements.2.1.4concentrationthatcanrealizemanyprocesses,reducethefrequentlycarryingamongthelathesofpart.2.1.5hassuchmanykindsofself-containmentfunctionsasautoalarm,controlling,automaticcompensationautomatically,etc.,thereforecanrealizenobodyguardsandprocessesforalongtime2.1.6isbytheabovefivespin-offadvantages.Forinstance:Havereduceworkerslabourintensity,hassavedtheworkforce(apersoncanguardmanylathes),reducefrocks,shortentrialproductionofnewproductscycleandproductioncycle,canmakefastreaction,etc.tomarketdemand.Theabovesuperioritycouldnotbeimaginedby