九年级英语(仁爱版)上册

九年级英语仁爱版上册清华大学英语系测试为中学英语量身定做官方网站HTTP/QINGHUAYERYYCOM/清华大学英语教授50年研究成果1STAND/IMPROVE/PROTECTTHEENVIRONMENT忍受/改善/保护环境2PRODUCETERRIBLEGAS产生难闻的气味3MANAGETODOSTH设法做某事4INAGOOD/BADMOOD情绪好/差5FEELUNCOMFORTABLE感到不舒适6POURWASTEINTORIVER把废水倒入河里7SOMETHINGUSEFUL有用的事物8BEHARMFULTOSB/STH对某人/某物有害9THELOOKOFOURCITIES城市面貌10SEEFISHSWIMMING看到鱼儿游来游去11ATPRESENT目前12SHOUTATSB对某人大喊大叫；斥责某人13STOPMAKINGSOMUCHNOISE停止发出如此大的噪音14DISTURBOTHERS打扰别人15AKINDOFPOLLUTION一种污染16BESORRYFORDOINGSTH对做了某事感到抱歉17FROMNOWON从现在起18INNOISYCONDITIONS在吵杂的条件下19BECOMEDEAF变聋了20QUITEAFEW相当少21NOBETTERTHAN（几乎）与一样差22CAUSEHIGHBLOODPRESSURE引发高血压23INSTRONG,CHANGEABLELIGHT在强烈、易变的光线下1READTHISARTICLE看这篇文章2HEREANDTHEREEVERYWHERE到处3CAREFORLOOKAFTERTAKECAREOF照顾4GIVESOMEADVICETO提出一些建议给5SETONESMINDTOSTH集中精力于用心于6PROTECTNATURE保护自然7WASHAWAY冲走8BLOWAWAY吹走；刮走9TURNINTOCHANGEINTO转变成10DIEOUT灭绝；绝迹11STOP/PREVENTFROMDOINGSTH阻止做某事12KEEPFROMDOINGSTH阻止做某事13MOVETOWARD朝移动14CUTDOWN砍倒15RUNAWAY跑走流走16CUTOFF中断17ONTHEEARTH在地球上18BEINDANGEROFDOINGSTH处于做某事的危险中19DESTROY/HARM/POLLUTETHEENVIRONMENT破坏/损害/污染环境20HAVEAQUIETLIFE过着平静的生活21PLENTYOF大量的22COMETOREALIZE开始意识23HAVEACLEANUP大扫除24ONEAFTERANOTHER一个接着另一个25ONRECYCLEDPAPER在再生纸上26ENTERTHECOMPETITION进入比赛27OFFERONESSUGGESTION提供某人的建议1ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION环境的保护2WORKFOR为工作3SPREADMESSAGEABOUT宣传有关4REDUCETHEWASTE/AIRPOLLUTION减少浪费/空气污染5BOTHSIDESOF的两面6RATHERTHAN是而不是7NOTONLYBUTALSO不仅而且8SAVEMONEY/ENERGY/ELECTRICITY省钱/能源/电9BESUPPOSEDTODOSTH应当做某事10TRAVELASHORTDISTANCE短途旅行11PUTINTO把放入12TAKEUPALOTOFSPACE占据许多空间13PRODUCEPOWERFROM从获得能量14RUNTHECAR发动汽车15PUSHFORWARD/UP/DOWN推向前/向上/向下16POWERMACHINES发动机器17PRODUCEELECTRICITYBYDOINGSTH通过做某事发电18THEMOVEMENTOFWATER水的流动19BEUSEDFORDOINGSTH被用作做某事20TAKEAQUICKSHOWER快速淋浴21MAKEASHORTJOURNEY短途旅行22PICKTHELITTERUP捡起垃圾23TRYHARDER再努力24PRODUCEASHORTORALREPORT作一个简短的口头报告清华大学英语系测试为中小学生英语量身定做官方网站HTTP/QINGHUAYERYYCOM/清华大学英语教授50年研究成果牛津八年级BUNIT2单元测试1单项选择（15分）1TOKEEPHEALTHY,IEAT_MEATAND_VEGETABLESTHANBEFOREAMANYLITTLEBMUCHLESSCLESSMANYDLESSMORE2_DOWENEEDFORTHEPARTYSOMEMORECOKEANDPAPERCUPSAWHEREELSEBWHATOTHERCWHATELSEDHOWMUCH3HOWABOUT_TOTHECINEMAONFOOTAGOBTOGOCGOESDGOING4WHEREISMYWATCH,ANNA_ITSINYOURWARDROBE,IMNOTSUREAMAYBEBMAYBECMAYISDMAYARE5IFYOUWANTTOSEETHEFILM,YOUCANGOTOA_,AHOSPITALBCINEMACRESTAURANTDSCHOOL6CANYOUHELPMEFIND_THEMUSEUMATHEWAYBTHEWAYTOCTOTHEWAYDTHEWAYTOGET7IOPENEDTHEDOOR_MYKNIFEAWITHBINCONDAT8AFTERHEHEARDTHE_NEWS,HEWASVERY_ASURPRISEDSURPRISINGBSURPRISINGSURPRISEDCSURPRISEDSURPRISEDDSURPRISINGSURPRISING9THEPARKISQUITEFARFROMHEREYOUDBETTER_AGOTHEREBYBUSBTOWALKTHERECWALKINGTHEREDGOINGTHEREBYBUS10SHEIS_ENOUGHBECAUSESHEPASSEDTHEEXAM_ALUCKYLUCKBLUCKILYLUCKCLUCKILYLUCKYDLUCKYLUCKILY11WHATSWRONGWITHYOURCARITDOESNT_ADOBWORKCMAKEDGO12THEPARENTSFOUNDTHELOSTBABY_AATTHEENDBINTHEENDCATTHELASTDFINAL13“_“MRWUSAIDTHENTHECLASSBECAMEQUIETATONCEASTOPTOTALKBSTOPTALKCSTOPANDTALKDSTOPTALKING14_TAKINGDIFFERENTROUTESASHALLWEBWHYNOTCLETSDHOWABOUT15PAULTOLDHISBROTHER_THEPOLICESTATIONON4THSTREETATORUNTOBRUNTOCTORUNDRUN完形填空。（10分）HAROLDWASVERYDISAPPOINTED失望的LASTNIGHTALLTHE1STUDENTSINHISENGLISHCLASSWENTTOAPARTYATTHEIRTEACHERSHOUSE,BUTHAROLD2GOTTHEREHE3HISTEACHERSDIRECTION方向,BUTHEMADEONELITTLEMISTAKE4THEIRSCHOOL,HEWALKEDALONGMAINSTREETTOCENTRALAVENUEANDTURNEDLEFTHEWALKEDUPCENTRALAVENUETWOBLOCKS街区TOTHEBUSSTOPATTHECORNER,ACROSSFROMTHEOFFICEHE5THECENTRALACROSSFROMTHEOFFICEHE5THECENTRALAVENUEBUSAND6ATFIFTHSTREETRIGHTHEWALKEDUPPARKAVENUEONEBLOCKTOTHEBUSSTOPATTHECORNEROFPARKAVENUEANDSIXTHSTREETHETOOKNO42BUS,7HEGOTOFFATTHEWRONGSTOPHEGOTOFFATRIVERROAD8ROLLINGROADHETURNEDLEFTANDWALKEDTWOBLOCKS,ANDGOTCOMPLETELY完全地9HAROLDWASVERY10HEREALLYWANTEDTOGOTOTHEPARTY1ASTNIGHT,ANDHECANTBELIEVEHEMADESUCHASTUPID愚蠢的MISTAKE1AOTHERSBANOTHERCOTHERDONE2AEVERBJUSTCONCEDNEVER3AFOLLOWEDBDIDCFOUNDDWENT4AFROMBATCINDACROSS5ABYBTAKECTOOKDON6AGOTONBGOTOFFCGOTINDGOTOUTOF7AANDBSOCBUTDSTILL8AINSTEADOFBTOCTHROUGHDTOWARDS9TIREDBPITYCLOSTDANGRY10AHAPPYBUPSET心烦CGLADDHOPEFUL阅读理解。40分AONCETHEREWASABOYINTORONTOHISNAMEWASJIMMYHESTARTEDPAINTINGWHENHEWASTHREEYEARSOLD,ANDWHENHEWASFIVEHEWASALREADYVERYGOODATITHEPAINTEDMANYBEAUTIFULANDINTERESTINGPICTURESTHEYSAID,“THISBOYISGOINGTOBEFAMOUSWHENHESALITTLEOLDER,ANDTHENWEREGOINGTOSELLTHESEPICTURESFORALOTOFMONEY”JIMMYSPICTURESWEREDIFFERENTFROMOTHERPEOPLESBECAUSEHENEVERPAINTEDONALLOFTHEPAPERHEPAINTEDONHALFOFIT,ANDTHEOTHERHALFWASALWAYSEMPTY“THATSVERYCLEVER,”EVERYBODYSAID,“NOOTHERPAINTERSHAVEEVERDONETHAT”ONEDAYSOMEBODYASKEDHIM,“PLEASETELLMETHIS,JIMMYWHYDOYOUPAINTONTHEBOTTOM底部HALFOFYOURPICTURES,BUTNOTONTHETOPHALF”“BECAUSEIMSMALL,”JIMMYSAID,“ANDMYBRUSHESCANTREACHVERYHIGH”根据短文内容回答问题。每空一词。（10分）1WHICHCOUNTRYDIDTHEBOYLIVEINHE_IN_2WASJIMMYGOODATPAINTINGWHENHEWASFIVEYESHE_WELL_PAINTINGTHEN3WHATDIDJIMMYDOWITHHISPICTURESHE_HISPICTURESTO_PEOPLE4WHATDIDSOMEBODYASKJIMMYONEDAYHEASKEDJIMMY_HE_PAINTEDONHALFOFHISPICTURES5WHYDIDJIMMYNEVERPAINTONALLOFTHEPAPER_HEWASNTTALL_BONCEEINSTEINGAVEALECTUREINMANYPLACESINAMERICAHISDRIVERALWAYSLISTENEDTOHIMANDKNEWTHELECTURESOWELLTHATHEWASSURETHATHECOULDGIVEITHIMSELFSOEINSTEINAGREEDTHATTHEDRIVERGAVETHELECTUREASNOBODYKNEWEINSTEINTHERE,THEDRIVERGAVETHELECTUREFOREINSTEINTHATEVENINGATFIRSTHEWASABITAFRAID,BUTEINSTEINSSMILEMADEHIMFEELBETTERHEGAVEAGOODLECTUREANDTHEPEOPLEWEREQUITEPLEASEDTHENTHEDRIVERSTARTEDTOLEAVEANDEINSTEINFOLLOWEDHIMWITHOUTAWORDWHENTHEYGOTTOTHEDOOR,AMANASKEDTHEDRIVERADIFFICULTQUESTIONTHEDRIVERSAIDTHATTHEQUESTIONWASVERYEASY,ANDTOLDTHEMANTOASKHISDRIVERBEHIND,TOANSWERIT根据短文内容填空，每空一词。（10分）EINSTEINGAVETHE1_LECTUREAGAINANDAGAINHISDRIVERLISTENEDTOHISLECTURESOMANYTIMESTHATHEWANTEDTOGIVEIT2_WHENEINSTEINKNEWIT,HELETTHEDRIVER3_THELECTUREFORHIMTHATNIGHTTHEDRIVERGAVEAGOODLECTUREANDTHEPEOPLEWEREQUITEPLEASEDWHENTHEYWERE4_THELECTUREROOM,AMANASKEDTHEDRIVERAQUESTIONTOSHOWHOWEASYTHEQUESTIONWAS,THEDRIVERASKEDEINSTEINWHOFOLLOWEDHIMBEHINDTOANSWERIT5_OFHIMC“WHEREISTHEUNIVERSITY“THISISAQUESTIONTHATMANYVISITORSTOCAMBRIDGEASKBUTNOONECANGIVETHEMACLEARANSWER,FORTHEREISNOWALLAROUNDTHEUNIVERSITYTHEUNIVERSITYISTHECITYYOUCANFINDTEACHINGBUILDINGS,LIBRARIES,MUSEUMSANDOFFICESOFTHEUNIVERSITYALLOVERTHECITYANDMOSTOFITSMEMBERSARETHESTUDENTSANDTEACHERSOFTHETHIRTYONECOLLEGESCAMBRIDGEWASALREADYADEVELOPING发展中的TOWNLONGBEFORETHEFIRSTSTUDENTSANDTEACHERSARRIVEDABOUT800YEARSAGOITGREWUPBYTHERIVERGRANTA,ANDTHERIVERWASONCECALLEDTHECAMABRIDGEWASBUILTOVERTHERIVERASEARLYAS875,SOTHETOWNGOTITSNAME“CAMBRIDGE“INTHEFOURTEENTHANDFIFTEENTHCENTURIES,MOREANDMORELANDWASUSEDFORTHECOLLEGEBUILDINGSTHETOWNGREWMUCHFASTERINTHENINETEENTHCENTURYAFTERTHEOPENINGOFTHERAILWAYIN1845CAMBRIDGEBECAMEACITYIN1951ANDNOWITHASAPOPULATIONOFOVER10,000MANYYOUNGSTUDENTSINOTHERCOUNTRIESHOPETOSTUDYATCAMBRIDGETHOUSANDSOFPEOPLEFROMALLOVERTHEWORLDCOMETOVISITTHEUNIVERSITYTOWNITHASBECOMEAFAMOUSPLACEALLAROUNDTHEWORLD根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。（10分）1WHYISITDIFFICULTTOANSWERTHEQUESTION“WHEREISTHEUNIVERSITY”_2HOWMANYCOLLEGESARETHEREINCAMBRIDGE_3HOWOLDISTHEUNIVERSITY_4WHENDIDCAMBRIDGEBECOMEACITY_5HOWMANYPEOPLEARETHEREINCAMBRIDGENOW_DTHEREISAKINDOFBIRDLIVINGINTHESOUTHPOLE南极THATSAMAZINGTHATTHEYAREBIRDSBUTTHEYCANTFLYDOYOUKNOWWHATTHEYAREYESTHEYAREPENGUINSPENGUINSAREBLACKANDWHITEITLOOKSTHEYAREWEARINGSUITSPENGUINSAREHEAVY,BUTTHEYCANSWIMVERYWELLTHEYCANSWIM1015KILOMETRESANHOURSOMEPEOPLETHINKTHATPENGUINSAREBIRDSTHATFLYINTHEWATERNOWTHEREARE15KINDSOFPENGUINSLIVINGINTHEWORLDTHEYALWAYSLIVEINCOLDPLACESWHENSOMESMALLPENGUINSAREBORN,THEIRPARENTSAREVERYBUSYANDTHEYMUSTTAKECAREOFTHEMBECAUSESOMEBIRDSWILLEATLITTLEPENGUINSWHENTHELITTLEPENGUINSGROWUP,THEIRPARENTSCANFINDFOODINTHESEAANDDONTWORRYABOUTTHEIRCHILDRENANYMORE根据短文内容，完成下面任务。（10分）1WHATAREPENGUINSINCHINESEA熊B海狗C海鸥D企鹅2PENGUINSALWAYSWEARBLACKANDWHITESUITS/3PENGUINSCANTSWIMBECAUSETHEYAREVERYHEAVY/4PENGUINSAREBIRDSBUTTHEYCANSWIM1015KILOMETRESANHOUR/5WHATSTHEMEANINGOF“TAKECAREOF“INENGLISHINTHISPASSAGE词汇测试。（20分）A）请选用所给的词完成句子。有些要注意变化噢（5分）SENSEOFHUMOUR,GROWUP,VOTEFOR,GIVEMESOMEADVICE,GIVESEATSTO1AMYWILL_MAYBECAUSEITSIMPORTANTTHATHERBESTFRIENDDOESNTTELLOTHERSHERSECRETS2LINTAOALWAYS_PEOPLEINNEEDONTHEBUS3PETERWOULDLIKETOBEATEACHERWHENHE_4IHOPEYOUCAN_5JIMHASAGOOD_ANDALWAYSMAKESHISFRIENDSHAPPYB找出句子中的错误并且改正。（10分）1MYPENCILISNICERTHANMIKE_2THENEWBIKEISBEAUTIFULERTHANTHATONE_3LUCYISTHEMOSTYOUNGESTINTHECLASS_4WHOISHEAVIER,PETER,SIMONORMILLIE_5ITHINKSKIINGISASTHEMOSTDANGEROUSASDIVING_C）根据汉语意思完成下列句子。（5分）1DANIEL在任何时候都乐于助人。DANIEL_BECAUSEHECAN_2我可以告诉他任何事情，因为他能保密。ICAN_BECAUSEHECAN_3如果你小心的话，我认为并非所有的户外活动都很危险。I_IFYOUARECAREFUL4MIKE打算在将来做球球旅行。MIKE_INTHEFUTURE5这孩子太紧张了，不能回答老师的问题。THECHILD_THETEACHERSQUESTIONS书面表达。（15分）请阅读下面一封信，假设你是ALICE的好朋友JOAN，请你给他写一封回信。要求语言流畅，词数在70词左右。DEARJOANIHAVESOMEPENPALSINTHEUSANDILOVETOWRITETOTHEMBUTMYFATHERDOESNTALLOWMETOMAKEPENFRIENDSHESAIDITWOULDAFFECT影响MYSCHOOLWORKANDHETOOKAWAYTHEKEYTOMYMAILBOXICANTWRITETOORHEARFROMMYPENPALSNOWIFEELVERYUNHAPPYWHATCANIDOLOVEALICEDEARALICE_答案15DCDBB610BABAD1115BBDDA15CDAAC610BCACBA1LIVED,CANADA2DID,IN3SOLD,MANY4WHY,ONLY5BECAUSE,ENOUGHB1SAME2HIMSELF3GIVE4LEAVING5INSTEADC1BECAUSETHEREISNOWALLAROUNDTHEUNIVERSITY2313ABOUT800YEARSOLD4IN19515OVER10,000D1D2345LOOKAFTERA1VOTEFOR2GIVESSEATSTOOFHUMOUR3GROWSUP4GIVEMESOMEADVICE5SENSEOFHUMOURB1MIKEMIKES2BEAUTIFULMOREBEAUTIFUL3THEMOSTYOUNGESTTHEYOUNGEST4HEAVIERTHEHEAVIEST5ASTHEMOSTDANGEROUSASASDANGEROUSASC1ISALWAYSREADYTOHELPOTHERS2TELLHIMANYTHINGKEEPSECRETS3DONTTHINKALLOFTHEOUTDOORACTIVITIESAREDANGEROUS4WILL/AREGOINGTOTRAVELAROUNDTHEWORLD5ISTOONERVOUSTOANSWER书面表达DEARALICEIMSORRYTOHEARTHATYOURFATHERDOESNTALLOWYOUTOHAVEPENPALSHERESMYADVICETOYOUITHINKFIRSTOFALL,YOUSHOULDTALKTOHIMABOUTTHAT,YOUCANTELLHIMHOWYOUFEELABOUTPENPALSANDWHATYOUCANLEARNFROMTHEMIFHEISAFRAIDTHATITMIGHTAFFECTYOURSTUDIES,THENYOUMUSTTRYTOMAKEHIMBELIEVETHATYOURGRADESWILLNOTDROPBECAUSEOFWRITINGLETTERSTOPENPALSINSTEAD,ITHELPSYOUSTUDYBETTERWORKHARDERONYOURSCHOOLWORKIFYOUALWAYSGETTOPGRADESIMSUREHEWILLALLOWYOUTOWRITETOYOURFRIENDSIHOPEMYADVICEWILLBEOFSOMEHELPTOYOUILOOKFORWARDTOSEEINGYOUFEELINGBETTERSOONLOVEJOAN闫俊先清华大学英语系测试为中小学生英语量身定做官方网站HTTP/QINGHUAYERYYCOM/清华大学英语教授50年研究成果英语标点符号的使用方法书、笔、纸、墨水。大家看看上面的句子，句中用的是什么标点呢相信谁都会说是顿号和句号啦。在英文句子里，也有顿号、和小圈儿句号。吗上面的句子以英文来写的话，就应该是BOOK,PEN,PAPER,INK可见在英文里是不用顿号和中文式句号的。标点符号在中、英文里的写法和用法有好多差别。下面就让我们从一个中文里所没有的标点开始吧。一、APOSTROPHE省字符号、所有格符号这个标点在中文里是没有的；但在英文里却随处可见。主要用在下列几方面表示所有格所有格的变化也不少，详细情形容后再谈缩写式表示一些数字、字母、日期、缩写的复数形式11所有格POSSESSIVES注意下列所有格只用在动物方面111在名词有生命的后加上S表示单数所有格1SARAHSCOATISBLACK莎拉的外套是黑色的。SARAHS莎拉的2THEBOYSHAT这男孩有一顶帽子3THEBOYSHATS这男孩有好几顶帽子4JONESSOFFICEJONES只有一个音节，结尾是S,所有格加S5JONESSWEETTOOTHISLEGENDARYJONES的结尾是S,而接下来的词又以S开始，那么，所有格就只加喔,真好玩6MOSESMOUTHISWIDEMOSES的尾音有重复的Z音，所有格只加7LOUISCANDYISSTICKYLOUIS有不止一个音节，结尾S，所有格只加。为什么呢好玩极了8MYMOTHERINLAWSHOUSEMONTHERINLAW之类的复合名词，所有格S加在结尾处9THESURGEONGENERALSREPORTISDUESOONSURGEONGENERAL是复合词，同上。哎呀是不是觉得很乱让我们归纳一下A一般单数名词有生命的，所有格只在结尾加S第13句B如果单数名词尾是S,或CE，所有格只加或S第4句C如果单数名词尾是S,而跟着是以S开头的词，所有格只加第5句D如果单数名词尾音有重复的S或Z音，或是EEZ音，所有格只加第6句E如果B项的名词只有一个音节SYLLABLE，所有格只能加S第4句F如果B项的名词有二个以上音节，所有格则只加第7句G复合词类处理法同A。第89句112二人或其他动物以上的所有格表示法1THEBOYSSHOES在复数BOYS尾加上而不是S喔2THEWOMENSBAGSWOMAN的复数是WOMEN,所有格是S3THECHILDRENSCAPSCHILD的复数是CHILDREN，和WOMEN同类型，所有格加S4THEACTRESSESHATSACTRESS的复数是ACTRESSES，因为结尾是ES,因此所有格只加便可5THEBABIESTOYSBABY的复数是BABIES，结尾有ES，因此所有格只加6MSJONESESHOUSEJONESES是JONES的复数7MYMOTHERSINLAWSHOUSE注意是MOTHERS喔，所有格还是加S同样来归纳一下A简单复数名词同样是有生命的喔的所有格写法是先将原来单数名词结尾加S变成复数，然后在结尾处再加上即成。第1句B如果复数名词是由改变其内的韵母形成的，所有格同单数名词一样，结尾加上S第23句C如果复数名词尾是ES,所有格只加第46句D如果是复数复合名词，则先将主要单数名词转成复数，然后在复合名词尾加上S第7句113如果是几个名词并列的,所有格S加在最后一个名词尾1JOEANDLINDASHOUSEISBEINGSOLD乔和琳达的房子已卖了。这里表示房子是JOE和LINDA所共有114如果几个名词是个别表示所有格时，每个名词尾都须加上S1MIKESANDMOLLYSGRADESHAVEIMPROVED迈克和莫莉的成绩已有进步。这里表示迈克和莫莉各别的成绩都有进步115不定式名词的所有格是在词尾加S1INEEDSOMEONESHELPWITHMYHOMEWORKSOMEONE指某人,所有格SOMEONES某人的116代名词的所有格不可加上或S1SHELLA,WHOSEEYESAREBLUEWHOSE哪个人的，已有所有格的意思2THISBOOKISHERS,NOTYOURSHERS她的，YOURS你的3ITHURTITSPAWITS它的4ITSANICEDAYITS是ITIS的意思,不属于所有格5THATISYOURRIGHTYOUR你的12缩写式CONTRACTIONS121在字词、日期中一部份字母或数字被省略，以代之。1SHEWOULDNTWORKFORTHEGOVTIN93WOULDNTWOULDNOT,GOVTGOVERNMENT,931993122名字、头衔的缩写格式可省略1LTWMJONESVISITEDUSLTLIEUTENANT,不可写成LT,WMWILLIAM,不可写成WM13复数形式PLURALS131当一个词在句子里能清楚反映其复数意义时，不可再加1DONTGIVEMEANYIFS,ANDS,ORBUTS不可写成IFS,ANDS,BUTS132在句子里，当一个词仅仅作为一个词时，其复数形式可加S使其含意更清晰1HEUSEDTWENTYFIVEANDSINONEPARAGRAPH他在一段里用了25个AND字。133日期、数目字、只取首字母的缩写词ACRONYMS这类以大写字母结尾时，复数形式只需加上S，不必再加上1SEVENPHDSLIVEDINTHISBUILDINGINTHE1970SPHDS不可写成PHDS,1970S也不可写成1970S134当一个大写字母的复数形式可能会被误解时，可加上S以表示复数1THEROMANNUMERALSFORTHENUMBEREIGHTISAVFOLLOWEDBYTHREEIS罗马数字八的写法是V后加上三个I。这时如果IS只写成IS,就可能引起误解逗号/逗点在中文或英文里是再普通不过的一个标点符号；可是，它的用法在中文和英里可就不一定相同了。二、COMMA，逗号、逗点在英文里，逗号的用途有连接句子里不同的成份分开句子里不同的成份突出句子里的某个成份替代句子里的某个成份成份指词、短语PHRASE、子句CLAUSE等。21连接句子里不同的成份211逗号用在以AND,BUT,FOR,NOR,OR,SO,YET等连接词的两个主要子句之间1MYFATHERISFONDOFFISHING,BUTMYMOTHERPREFERSHIKING以,BUT连接两个子句2HEPAINTEDTHEEXTERIOROFTHEHOUSE,ANDSHEPAINTEDTHEINTERIOR以,AND连接两个子句22分开句子里不同的成份221用逗号分开两个以上的并列形容词如果并列的形容词之间可加上AND,BUT等，那就加上逗号；否则不可1THATTALL,DISTINGUISHED,GOODLOOKINGFELLOW可写成HEISATALLANDDISTINGUISHEDFELLOW2SHEISALITTLEANDOLDLADY不可写成SHEISALITTLE,OLDLADY222在两个修饰主语的短语之间加上逗号句短可不加1WHILEWAITINGFORTHEBUSONTHATCOLDRAINYNIGHT,SHESTARTEDSNEEZING主语SHE2AT10OCLOCKTHEBUSARRIVED不必写成AT10OCLOCK,THEBUSARRIVED223在JR,SR,ESQ,PHD,FRS,INC,等名称之前及后都要加上逗号除了所有格的名称1THEYIDENTIFIEDHIMASHOWARDRWILLIAMS,JR,CHAIRMANOFTHEIRBOARD,JR,2THATISHOWARDRWILLIAMS,JRSCOMPANY,JRS后面不可再加逗号224在追问句之前加逗号1DOIT,WONTYOUDOIT是命令语气，WONTYOU是追问2YOUKNOWTHEANSWER,DONTYOU3ITISWARMTODAY,ISNTIT225一个以副词或副词短语开头的句子，如果它和前面的句子有关联的话，必须在有关副词或副词短语后加上逗号1SHEBELIEVEDHEHADTHETALENTTOSUCCEEDUNFORTUNATELY,HEWASLAZY后一个句子以副词UNFORTUNATELY开头，同时这个句子和前一个句子有直接的关联226在句子里有超过三个并列词或短语等，在最后一个，AND,OR,NOR等之前加逗号1HEPROMISEDTOSUPPLYTHEPENCILS,PENS,ANDNOTEBOOKSFORTHECLASS简单说就是PENCILS,PENS,NOTEBOOKS要写成PENCILS,PENS,ANDNOTEBOOKS2HERMOTHERSELLSTOMATOES,POTATOES,APPLES,ANDPEACHESAPPLES,AND3SHERANUPTHESTAIRS,ACROSSTHEPORCH,ANDINTOTHEHOUSEUPTHESTARIS,ACROSSTHEPORCH,INTOTHEHOUSE是三个短语，在最后一个加,AND4WEALLAGREEDTHATSHEWASBEAUTIFUL,THATSHEWASINTELLIGENT,ANDTHATSHEWASAMBITIOUS三个THATSHEWAS都是子句227在句子中加上逗号，以免引起误解1THATSHEKNEWWHERETHEMONEYWAS,WASNEWSTOME如果WAS,WAS之间不加逗号，是不是会引起误解呢2OUTSIDE,THELAWNWASCLUTTEREDWITHHUNDREDSOFBROKENBRANCHES外面的草坪上到处是断枝。如果OUTSIDE后去掉逗号,那意思就变成“在草坪的外面到处是断枝。”228用逗号分开引用句1“YOUAREBEAUTIFUL,”HESAID这个逗号要放在引号内2OURTEACHERSAID,“FREEDOMISNOTLICENSE”SAID,3“NO,”SHESAID,“IWASJUSTTESTINGYOURPATIENCE”NO,/SAID,4“PERHAPS,”TOMRESPONDED,“IWILLTRYANYWAY”PERHAPS,/RESPONDED,229逗号用以分开星期、月日、年份1ONMONDAY,MAY5,2000,HERFIRSTCHILDWASBORNMONDAY,MAY5,2000,2ONMARCH8,2003,HEBOUGHTANEWCARMARCH8,2003,3JUNE2000ISONEOFTHEMOSTMEANINGFULOFMYLIFE只有月和年，就不必加逗号2210逗号用以分开地名、省名、国名、街道名、巷弄名等1LINDALIVESAT1234AMARILLOAVE,1,PALOALTO,CA94303,USA2211逗号用在SUCHAS和ESPECIALLY的前面1THEYENJOYOUTDOORSPORTS,SUCHASHIKINGANDRIDING2HELIKESALLEXTRACURRICULARACTIVITIES,ESPECIALLYBASKETBALLPLAYING23突出句子中某个插入成份PARENTHETICALELEMENTS所谓插入成份，是指在句子中去掉它也可成立的成份。插入成份一般是感叹词、状语、副词子句等。231句子里插入的词、短语、子句等,加上逗号以示插入成份1HEKNEW,HOWEVER,THATNOONEWOULDLISTENTOHISWARNING插入HOWEVER2NO,YOUMAYNOTCOMEWITHUS插入NO232用逗号分开“乃此非彼”的结构1JANE,NOTSHIRLEY,WILLATTENDTHEMEETING是JANE，不是SHIRLEY2HEWANTEDTOSEEMRWU,NOTMRHU是吴先生，不是胡先生3SOMESAYTHEWORLDWILLENDINICE,NOTFIRE是冰，不是火4ITWASHERMONEY,NOTHERCHARMORPERSONALITY,THATFIRSTATTRACTEDHIM为的是她的财富，不是为了她的妩媚或个性233句中有非限制性的词或短语之类，以逗号标出以示插入成份1HERHUSBAND,BILL,ISASCIENTISTBILL为插入成份2KENTHOWARD,MYENGLISHTEACHER,ISFROMAMERICA插入成份MYENGLISHTEACHER3HERFATHER,WHOISAFAMOUSSCHOLAR,TEACHESENGLISH插入成份WHOISAFAMOUSSCHOLAR4ELEANOR,HISWIFEOFTHIRTYYEARS,SUDDENLYDECIDEDTOOPENHEROWNBUSINESS试将插入成份HISWIFEOFTHIRTYYEARS去掉，句子是否也能成立234句中的城市名如果和它的省、州、国名并列，省、州、国名前后须加逗号1WEVISITEDHARTFORD,CONNECTICUT,LASTSUMMERCONNECTICUT为插入成份2PARIS,FRANCE,ISSOMETIMESCALLED“THECITYOFLIGHTS“FRANCE为插入成份3HARTFORD,CONNECTICUTSINVESTMENTINTHEINSURANCEINDUSTRYISWELLKNOWNCONNECTICUTS为所有格式，后面不可加逗号喔235句中带着连接词BUT,AND,OR的插入成份的前面不可加上逗号1THEREDSOXWERELEADINGTHELEAGUEATTHEENDOFMAY,BUTOFCOURSE,THEYALWAYSDOWELLINTHESPRINGBUT的后面不可加逗号2THETIGERSSPENTMUCHOFTHESEASONATTHEBOTTOMOFTHELEAGUE,ANDEVENTHOUGHTHEYPICKEDUPSEVERALPROMISINGROOKIES,THEYEXPECTTOBETHEREAGAINNEXTYEARAND的后面不可再加逗号236向人说话时，逗号放在对方名字或称谓之后、之前或者前后都加1JOHN,COMEHEREJOHN,逗号在名字之后2OPENTHEDOOR,JOHN,JOHN逗号放在名字之前3ITIS,SIR,NOTMYFAULT,SIR,逗号放在称谓前面和后面24替代句子里某个成份241用逗号替代句子里某部份，表示字词的省略1THELIONISTHESYMBOLOFCOURAGETHELAMB,OFMEEKNESSTHELAMB,OFMEEKNESS原本应该是THELAMBISTHESYMBOLOFMEEKNESS2GEORGEWASTHEHARDWORKER,JOHN,THELAZYONEJOHN,THELAZYONE原本应该是JOHNWASTHELAZYONE三、PERIOD/FULLSTOP句号、句点句号的写法，在英文里是个小黑点，可在中文却是个小圈儿。在科学技术文章里也可用“小黑点”。用法也有些差异，在英文方面，最“好玩”的是用在缩写方面句号用在陈述句、祈使句及礼貌问句等的句尾句号用在缩写方面句号用在数目字方面31句号用在陈述句、祈使句及礼貌问句等的句尾311用在陈述句DECLARATIVESENTENCE尾，表示句子结束1IAMLEAVINGNOW2AILANANDXIAODONGAREMYFRIENDS312用在祈使句IMPERATIVESENTENCE尾，表示句子结束1CLOSETHEDOOR2TURNINYOURPAPERS,PLEASE313用在礼貌的、祈使性的、以及间接疑问句INTERROGATIVESENTENCE尾，表示句子结束1WILLYOUPLEASESENDMETHREECOPIES麻烦你给我三份。不要看到WILLYOU就在句尾加问号喔2SINCEWHENAMISUPPOSEDTOBELIEVETHIS我什么时候会相信这个呢。3HEASKEDIFYOUCANCOME他问你能不能来。32句号用在表示缩写ABBREVIATION,ACRONYM321缩写词ABBREVIATION将一个字词省略其中某些字母,字尾须加句号1称呼MRMISTER,MRSMISTERESS,DRDOCTOR,MIMMINISTOR/MINISTRY,ESQESQUIRE先生2时间YRYEAR,MINMINUTE3星期MONMONDAY,TUESTUESDAY,WEDWEDNESDAY,THURSTHURSDAY,FRIFRIDAY,SATSATURDAY,SUNSUNDAY4月份JANJANUARY,FEBFEBRUARY,MARMARCH,APRAPRIL,JUNJUNE,JULJULY,AUG/AGAUGUST,SEPTSEPTEMBER,OCTOCTOBER,NOVNOVEMBER,DECDECEMBER注意OCTOCTAVE八度,NOVNOVELIST小