英文翻译及文献 单片机-传感器 压力检测

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AMICLOADAFEWYEARSAGO,WIRELESSIYINTERROGABLESAWDEVICESFARSENSORAPPLICATIONSWEREINVENTED1，2,3USINGANONEPORTSAWDELAYLINECONNECTEDTOANANTENNAONLY,ANRFINTERROGATIONSIGNALISFEDINTOANDTHESENSORRESPONSE,CARRYINGTHESENSORINFORMATIONISRETRANSMITTEDWIRELESSLYTOTHEINTERROGATORTHESESENSORSARECAPABLEFORMEASUREMENTOFTEMPERATURE,MECHANICALLOAD,FORCEANDDISPLACEMENT,ETCTHEADVANTAGEIS,THATSAWSENSORSARETOTALLYPASSIVEDEVICESANDCONTAINNEITHERPOWERSUPPLYNORSEMICONDUCTORSTHEYWITHSTANDTEMPERATURESUPTOSEVERALHUNDREDSOFDEGREECENTIGRADES,THEIRLIFETIMEISMUCHLONGERTHANTHATOFBATTERYPOWEREDSYSTEMSFURTHER,INVEHICLESSTRONGELECTROMAGNETICPOLLUTIONISGENERATEDBYIGNITIONSYSTEMSETCSAWSENSORSOPERATEWITHOUTRISKOFDAMAGEEVENINROUGHENVIRONMENTSFIRSTWEDISCUSSPRESSUREMEASUREMENTEMPLOYINGSAWSENSORSWITHWIRELESSINTERROGATIONWEPRESENTSOMETYPESOFSENSORASSEMBLIESANDTHEINTERROGATIONSYSTEMNEXTWEDISCUSSTHEIMPLEMENTATIONINTOTHECARANDTHENWEPRESENTEXPERIMENTALLYRESULTSFINALLYABRIEFSUMMARYCONCLUDESTHECONTENTOFTHEPAPERSAWPRESSURESENSORSTHEELECTRICALBEHAVIOUROFAPASSIVESAWPRESSURESENSORALWAYSISTHATOFAONEPORTDELAYLINEWITHMULTIPLEREFLECTORSORARESONATOR,RESPECTIVELYINTHEDELAYLINECASE,THEINTERROGATORTRANSMITSABURSTSIGNAL,THESENSORRESPONDSWITHACHAINOFBURSTS,ONEFOREVERYREFLECTORARRANGEDATTHESUBSTRATESSURFACETHEDIFFERENTIALDELAYBETWEENTWOORMORERESPONSESIGNALSISEVALUATEDTOMEASURESOMEPHYSICALVALUE,THEPARAMETERHASTOBECONVERTEDINTOACHANGEOFSENSORSSURFACELENGTHORSURFACEACOUSTICWAVESVELOCITY,RESPECTIVELYTHEDELAYRIOFTHERESPONSEOFAREFLECTORIISTHERATIOOFSAWPROPAGATIONLENGTHLIONTHESUBSTRATESSURFACEANDPROPAGATIONVELOCITYV,AFFECTINGTHESENSORWITHAMEASURANDCAUSESASCALINGOFTHESENSORSRESPONSETOBEOBSERVEDASINDIVIDUALDELAYSHIFTSARIOFTHERESPONSESIGNALSSIORIGINATINGFROTMHEREFLECTORSIMECHANICALMEASURANDSCANBECOLLECTEDBYLOADINGTHESENSORMECHANICALLYAPARTFROMSTRETCHINGANDCOMPRESSING,UTILIZEDFORWIRELESSMEASUREMENTOFTORQUE,ETCTHESAWSENSORSSUBSTRATECANBEBENTPRESSURECANAFFECTTHESENSORBYBENDINGAMEMBRANE,SHIFTINGTHEEDGEOFASENSORFIXEDONTHEOTHERSIDEHERETHESENSORISLOADEDTOBEBENTDUETOASHIFTOFTHECENTEROFAMEMBRANELOADEDBYTHEPRESSUREONTHEOTHERHANDTHESENSORCANDIRECTLYBEFITTEDTOTHEMEMBRANEORAPIEZOELECTRICMEMBRANEREPRESENTINGTHESAWSUBSTRATECANBEUSEDFIGURE1SHOWSTHESEMETHODSFIG1AMEMBRANECONVERTINGPRESSURETOSHIFTBENDINGTHESAWSENSORSAWSBSAWSENSORFITTEDTOTHEMEMBRANETHENEXTSTEPISTOCOVERTHESENSORMEMBRANEBYACAPCONSISTINGOFASPACERFRAMEANDAQUARTZCOVERPLATETHISYIELDSANINTEGRATEDPRESSURECHAMBERSAWSENSOR4FIG2FIG2INTEGRATEDPRESSURECHAMBERSAWSENSORTHECOVERPROTECTSTHESAWGENERATINGMETALLICSTRUCTUREFROMOXIDATIONANDTHESURFACEFROMDUSTTHECAVITYCANBEFIILEDWITHAGASATREFERENCEPRESSUREIFTHECAVITYISEVACUATED,ABSOLUTEPRESSUREVALUESCANBEMEASUREDMEASUREMENTISMADEBYINTERROGATIONUSINGSIMPLERFBURSTSIGNALSTHERESPONSEIMPULSESAREEVALUATEDINMAGNITUDEANDPHASEBENDINGTHEMEMBRANEDUETOPRESSURELOADYIELDSAPHASESHIFTOFFORINSTANCE100DEGREEFORLO4PASCALWITHTHISTHEAIRPRESSUREINCARTIRESCANBEMEASUREDWITHARESOLUTIOONFAPPROXIOPASCAL001BARTOREDUCETHEAMOUNTOFDATATOPROCESS,FORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONINCARSTHERESOLUTIONWASREDUCEDTO50MBARIMPLEMENTATIONTHEFIRSTPROTOTYPEUSEDFORTHEEXPERIMENTALMEASUREMENWTSASAPRESSURECHAMBERWITHAMEMBRANEMADEOFBRASSTHESENSORUNITWASFITTEDTOAHUBCAPANDWASCONNECTEDTOTHEVALVEBYAPRESSUREASSEMBLYFIG3FIG3FIRSTPROTOTYPEOFPRESSURECHAMBERFORMEASUREMENTOFTIREPRESSUREFORSERIALMANUFACTURETHESENSORSYSTEMHAVETOBEMUCHSMALLERANDABLETOBEINTEGRATEDINTHETIRETHEREFOREWEIMPLEMENTEDTHEINTEGRATEDPRESSURECHAMBERFIG2INTOTHETIRETHESENSORWASFIXEDTOTHERIM,THEMETALLICVALVESHAFTWASUSEDASTHESENSORSANTENNAFIG4FIG4INTEGRATEDPRESSURECHAMBERFIXEDTOTHERIM,VALVEUSEDASANTENNAFOIRMPROVEDIMPLEMENTATIONASENSORASSEMBLYONLYFITTEDTOTHEVALVEWASDEVELOPEDFIG5THETOTALMASSOFTHEUNITISONLYAFEWGRAMS,THEDYNAMICLOADISSMALLEVENDRIVINGATHIGHSPEEDFIG5PRESSURESENSORFORFITTINGINTOTHEVALVESHAFTTHCEARBASEDINTERROGATIONSYSTEMUSESSPACEDIVERSITYTODISTINGUISHTHESENSORSINTHETIRESTHEREFOREBELOWEVERYCARWINGANANTENNAHASTOBEEMPLOYEDWEUSEDCOAXIALCABLES,HUTITISDIFFICULTANDEXPENSIVETOUSETHEMINCARSOURINVESTIGATIONSSHOWTHEAPPLICABILITYOFTWISTEDPAIRWIRESTOOFIG6INTERROGATIONANTENNAONCARFORMEASUREMENTWEDEVELOPEDASMALLSIZEDINTERROGATIONSYSTEMTRANSMITTINGBURSTSANDLOOKINGFORTHEPHASESHIFTBETWEENTHERESPONSESIGNALBURSTSTHESYSTEMWASCONTROLLEDBYAONECHIPMICROCONTROLLERANDABISLETODISPLAYTHEMEASUREMENTRESULTONALCDDISPLAYINFIG7APHOTOGRAPHOFTHESYSTEMISSHOWNFIG7SYSTEMFORWIRELESSINTERROGATIONOFPASSIVESAWSENSORS50X100X160MMMEASUREMENTRESULTSTOTESTOURSENSORSANDOURSYSTEMWEMADEALOTOFTESTRIDESWITHINTHEAREAANDAROUNDTHECITYOFVIENNATHEINTERROGATIONSYSTEMWASCOUPLEDTOALAPTOPCOMPUTERTHEPRESSUREVALUESWEREMEASUREDANDRECORDEDTOAFILETHEFIGURES8AND9SHOWCHARACTERISTICBEHAVIOUROFTIREPRESSUREFORDIFFERENTDRIVINGCONDITIONSDUETOTHESHOCKSFROMARUGGEDLANE,INTHELEFTPARTOFFIG8THEABSOLUTEPRESSUREVALUESWINGSAROUNDTHEMEANVALUEBYTHELEASTSIGNIFICANTBIT,005BARTHENARROWHIGHERPEAKSOFTIREPRESSUREBELONGTOBRAKINGMANEUVERSTHESENSORWASMOUNTEDTOAFRONTWHEELTHELONGERINCREASEOFTIREPRESSUREANDTHEFOLLOWINGPERIODOFDECAYISDUETORIDINGOVERACURBSTONETHESYSTEMSHOWEDHIGHRELIABILITYEVENWHENDRIVINGINAHEAVYSNOWSTORMTIREPRESSUREBARFIG8TIREPRESSUREFORDIFFERENTDRIVINGCONDITIONSINFIGURE9THEPRESSUREINTHERIGHTFRONTWHEELCANBEOBSERVEDZOOMEDINTIMEWHILEPASSINGATWOTRACKGRADECROSSINGWITHANADJACENTWATERCHANNELACROSSTHELANEDUETOTHEDILAPIDATEDARRANGEMENTOFTHEGRADECROSSING,HARDSHOCKSARETRANSMITTEDTOTHECARBODYCAUSINGHARDPRESSURESHOCKSINTHETIRESFIG9TIREPRESSURECROSSINGAGRADECROSSINGWITHTWOTRACKSANDAWATERCHANNELACROSSTHELANEDISCUSSIONSAWSENSORSWITHWIRELESSLYINTERROGATIONAREFREEOFMAINTENANCEANDWITHSTANDHIGHTHERMALANDMECHANICALLOADTHEMEASUREMENTPERFORMANCEISCOMPARABLETOTHATOFCOMPETITORSTHEEFFORTINCARBASEDSYSTEMISHIGHERFORSAWSENSORS,SINCETHEACTIVESENSORUNITSTRANSMITPRECONDITIONEDDIGITALINFORMATIONCONTAININGPRESSUREVALUEANDSENSORTHEMAJORADVANTAGEOFSAWDEVICESINIDENTIFICATIONAPPLICATIONS,WHEREHIGHREVOLUTIONSPERTIMEOCCUR,ISTHEIRLOWMASSTHECENTRIFUGALFORCEISMV/R,WITHTHEMASSM,THEVELOCITYVANDTHERADIUSRTOMINIMIZEDYNAMICMECHANICALLOAD,THEMASSOFASYSTEMAPPLIEDTOROTATINGPARTSSHOULDBEASLOWASPOSSIBLEWHEREASCONVENTIONALSENSORUNITSFORTIREPRESSUREMEASUREMENTSHAVEAMASSOFAPPROX20GRAMS,THEINTEGRATEDPRESSURESENSORITSELFFIG5HASAMASSOFLESSTHANONEGRAMTHECOMPLETESAWSENSORUNITSMASSINWORSTCASEISONLYAFEWGRAMSCONVENTIONALSYSTEMSAREPOWEREDBYALITHIUMBATTERYINCASEOFAWORNTIRE,SINCETHEBATTERYCANNOTBECHECKED,THESENSORSHOULDBEREPLACEDTOO,YIELDINGPROBLEMSOFWASTEDISPOSALFORASYSTEMINTEGRATEDINTHECARELECTRONIC,ITISNEEDLESSTODISPLAYTHEPRESSUREOFEACHTIRECONTINUOUSLYHERE,ONLYAMALFUNCTIONSHOULDTRIGGERANALERTTHESYSTEMSDISPLAYCANBECANCELED,REDUCINGSYSTEMSCOSTCONCLUSIONTHEADVANTAGEWSOFPASSIVESAWSENSORSMAKETHWEMELLSUITEDFORVEHICULARAPPLICATIONSESPECIALLYFORMEASUREMENTOFTIREPRESSURELOWMASSANDTHEFACTTHATTHEYAREFREEOFMAINTENANCEMAKETHEMTOBESUPERIOROVERTHECOMPETITORSTHESAWSENSORSFORPRESSUREMEASUREMENT,THEIMPLEMENTATIONINTIRESANDTHESYSTEMFORINTERROGATIONWEREDISCUSSEDEXPERIMENTALRESULTSOUTOFALOTOFMEASUREMENTRIDESWEREPRESENTEDREFERENCESLREINDL,FMULLER,CRUPPEL,WEBULSTANDFSEIFERT,PASSIVESURFACEWAVESENSORSWHICHCANBEWIRELESSLYINTERROGATED,INTERNATIONALPATENTAPPLWO93/1349519922SEIFERTF,BULSTWE,RUPPELC,MECHANICALSENSORSBASEDONSURFACEACOUSTICWAVES,SENSORSANDACTUATORS,A4419942312393GSCHOLL,TOSTERTAG,LREINDL,HSCHERR,0SCZESNY,UWOLFF,WIRELESSSAWSENSORSFORREMOTEMEASUREMENTOFPHYSICALPARAMETERS,PROCIEEEINTERNWORKSHOPONCOMMERCIALRADIOSENSORSANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNIQUES,1997,PP51584HSCHERR,GSCHOLL,FSEIFERT,RWEIGEL,QUARTZPRESSURESENSORBASEDONSAWREFLECTIVEDELAYLINE,PROCIEEEULTRASONICSSYMPOSIUM1996,PP347350译文轮胎压力监测在汽车使用被动声表面波传感器阿尔弗雷多波尔，塞弗特1）应用电子实验室，大学27日，1040维也纳，奥地利2）西门子公司中央研究实验室。，奥托哈恩环摘要在我们的文件，我们目前的应用表面声波（声表面波）传感器不断的轮胎压力在道路车辆。有了这些，对轮胎压力可以读出的每一个阶段的驾驶。我们展示了实施原型装置测量轮胎压力，声表面波传感器的应用，改进版本和安装的审讯。这些问题在实际应用中进行了讨论。实验结果测量轮胎压力测试期间游乐设施介绍。导言经营公路车辆，失灵的运动轮胎，由于轮胎爆胎会导致严重的事故，并危及人的生命。此外，现在的汽车制造商尝试保存备用轮胎的车辆。它的成本通常只有重量和空间，因此，收益率更高的燃料消耗，但将需要不到一时间在10年以上汽车的生命。这不仅可以做到的，如果气压轮胎可以衡量即使在驾驶。目前使用的传感器含有活性成分，采用锂电池。大众这些传感器组件是造成约20克高动态负载。几年前，声表面波器件远远传感器应用的发明。使用的是一个港口的SAW延迟线连接到天线只，射频信号的审讯注入和传感器响应，携带资料重新转达了无线审讯。这些传感器能测量温度，机械负荷，力和位移等的好处是，声表面波传感器是完全无源器件，并包含没有电力