最新2016年电大钢结构期末复习测试c及参考答案小抄

钢结构模拟测试（C）一、单项选择题（将每题正确答案的序号填入括号内，每小题2分，共计30分）1在结构设计中，失效概率与可靠指标的关系为（）。FPA越大，越大，结构可靠性越差B越大，越小，结构可靠性越差FPFPC越大，越小，结构越可靠D越大,越大，结构越可靠FF2钢材的三项主要力学性能为（）。A抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率B抗拉强度、屈服点、冷弯性能C抗拉强度、冷弯性能、伸长率D冷弯性能、屈服点、伸长率3钢中硫和氧的含量超过限量时，会使钢材（）。A变软B热脆C冷脆D变硬4钢材在低温下，冲击韧性（）。A提高B降低C不变D不能确定5钢材的疲劳破坏属于（）破坏。A弹性B塑性C脆性D低周高应变6摩擦型连接的高强度螺栓在杆轴方向受拉时，承载力（）。A与摩擦面的处理方法有关B与摩擦面的数量有关C与螺栓直径有关D与螺栓的性能等级无关7高强度螺栓摩擦型连接与承压型连接相比，（）。A承载力计算方法不同B施工方法相同C没有本质区别D材料不同8在钢梁底面设有吊杆，其拉力设计值为650KN（静载），吊杆通过节点板将荷载传给钢梁，节点板采用双面焊缝焊于梁下翼缘，10MM，160MPA，则每面焊缝长度为（）。FHWFA240MMB250MMC260MMD270MM9图所示为高强度螺栓连接，在弯矩M的作用下，可以认为中和轴在螺栓（）上。A1B2C3D410一宽度为、厚度为的钢板上有一直径为的孔，则钢板的净截面面积为（）。BT0DAB02NDBTT204NDABTTCD0NTT0NTT11A类截面的轴心压杆稳定系数值最高是由于（）。A截面是轧制截面B截面的刚度最大C初弯曲的影响最小D残余应力的影响最小12轴心受压构件发生弹性失稳时，截面上的平均应力（）。A低于钢材抗拉强度B达到钢材屈服强度UFYFC低于钢材比例极限D低于钢材屈服强度P13保证工字形截面梁受压翼缘局部稳定的方法是（）。A设置纵向加劲肋B设置横向加劲肋C采用有效宽度D限制其宽厚比14梁的支撑加劲肋应设置在（）。A弯曲应力大的区段B剪应力大的区段C上翼缘或下翼缘有固定作用力的部位D有吊车轮压的部位15单轴对称截面的压弯构件，一般宜使弯矩（）。A绕非对称轴作用B绕对称轴作用C绕任意轴作用D视情况绕对称轴或非对称轴作用二、判断题（正确的划“”，错误的划“”每小题2分，共计30分）1正常使用极限状态包括影响结构、构件和非结构构件正常使用或外观的变形，影响正常使用的振动，影响正常使用或耐久性能的局部损坏。（）2计算结构或构件的强度，稳定性以及连接的强度时，应采用荷载设计值，而不是标准值。3试验证明，钢材的疲劳强度主要与构造状况、应力幅和循环荷载重复次数有关，而与钢材的强度关系更明显。4承受动力荷载重复作用的钢结构构件及其连接，当应力变化的循环次数N次时，应进行疲劳验4105算。5承压型高强螺栓连接只依靠被连接板件间强大的摩擦阻力承受外力，以摩擦阻力被克服作为连接承载能力的极限状态。6钢结构设计规范规定角焊缝中的最小焊角尺寸，其中T为较厚焊件的厚度。15FHT7构件上存在焊接残余应力会增大结构的刚度。8螺栓排列分为并列和错列两种形式，其中错列可以减小栓孔对截面的削弱，但螺栓排列松散，连接板尺寸较大。9设计轴心受力构件时，轴心受压构件只需进行强度和刚度计算。10轴心受压构件板件过薄，在压力作用下，板件离开平面位置发生凸曲现象，称为构件丧失局部稳定。11构件的长细比是回转半径与计算长度之比。12梁的抗剪强度不满足设计要求时，最有效的办法是增大腹板的面积。13工字形截面简支梁，当受压翼缘侧向支承点间距离越小时，则梁的整体稳定就越差。14偏心受压柱铰接柱脚只传递轴心压力和剪力，刚接柱脚除传递轴心压力和剪力外，还要传递弯矩。15框架的梁柱连接时，梁端采用刚接可以减小梁跨中的弯矩，但制作施工较复杂。三、简答题（每小题8分，共计24分）1简述钢材塑性破坏和脆性破坏。2抗剪普通螺栓有哪几种可能的破坏形式如何防止3设计拉弯和压弯构件时应计算的内容四、计算题（共计16分）如图所示已知焊缝承受的斜向静力荷载设计值KN，偏心E为20MM，角焊缝的焊脚尺寸150F6，实际长度，钢材为Q235B，焊条为E43型（160N/MM2），取122。验算图所示M8FHM15LWFF直角角焊缝的强度。公式；SINNFENMFH70FWHL2NFEWL26MFEWHL；FFFCOSVFWVAWFFF2图1EFL试题答案及评分标准（供参考）一、单项选择题（将每题正确答案的序号填入括号内，每题2分，共计30分）1B2A3B4B5C6C7A8C9C10D11D12C13D14C15A二、判断题（正确的划“”，错误的划“”每小题2分，共计30分）1（）2（）3（）4（）5（）6（）7（）8（）9（）10（）11（）12（）13（）14（）15（）三、简答题（每题8分，共计24分）以下是各个简答题的要点，可根据具体情况酌情给分1简述钢材塑性破坏和脆性破坏。答塑性破坏是由于变形过大，超过了材料或构件可能的应变能力而产生的，而且仅在构件的应力达到钢材的抗拉强度后才发生，破坏前构件产生较大的塑性变形；脆性破坏前塑性变形很小，甚至没有塑性变形，计算应力UF可能小于钢材的屈服点，断裂从应力集中处开始。YF2抗剪普通螺栓有哪几种可能的破坏形式如何防止答螺栓抗剪连接达到极限承载力时，可能的破坏形式有四种形式栓杆被剪断；螺栓承压破坏；板件净截面被拉断；端板被栓杆冲剪破坏。第种破坏形式采用构件强度验算保证；第种破坏形式由螺栓端距2D0保证。第、种破坏形式通过螺栓计算保证。3设计拉弯和压弯构件时应计算的内容答拉弯构件需要计算强度和刚度（限制长细比）；压弯构件则需要计算强度、整体稳定（弯矩作用平面内稳定和弯矩作用平面外稳定）、局部稳定和刚度（限制长细比）四、计算题（共计16分）以下是本题的答案要点，可根据具体情况酌情给分解将F分解为垂直于焊缝和平行于焊缝的分力（2分）9123506SINIKNN（2分）912MKEM（2分）483165870293MNLHNWEF（2分）2267MFEL（2分）834715NFFFN（2分）COS60VFK（2分）34827815FWMA222216036MNFNWFF直角角焊缝的强度满足要求（2分）BASKETBALLCANMAKEATRUECLAIMTOBEINGTHEONLYMAJORSPORTTHATISANAMERICANINVENTIONFROMHIGHSCHOOLTOTHEPROFESSIONALLEVEL,BASKETBALLATTRACTSALARGEFOLLOWINGFORLIVEGAMESASWELLASTELEVISIONCOVERAGEOFEVENTSLIKETHENATIONALCOLLEGIATEATHLETICASSOCIATIONNCAAANNUALTOURNAMENTANDTHENATIONALBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONNBAANDWOMENSNATIONALBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONWNBAPLAYOFFSANDITHASALSOMADEAMERICANHEROESOUTOFITSPLAYERANDCOACHLEGENDSLIKEMICHAELJORDAN,LARRYBIRD,EARVIN“MAGIC“JOHNSON,SHERYLSWOOPES,ANDOTHERGREATPLAYERSATTHEHEARTOFTHEGAMEISTHEPLAYINGSPACEANDTHEEQUIPMENTTHESPACEISARECTANGULAR,INDOORCOURTTHEPRINCIPALPIECESOFEQUIPMENTARETHETWOELEVATEDBASKETS,ONEATEACHENDINTHELONGDIRECTIONOFTHECOURT,ANDTHEBASKETBALLITSELFTHEBALLISSPHERICALINSHAPEANDISINFLATEDBASKETBALLSRANGEINSIZEFROM28530IN7276CMINCIRCUMFERENCE,ANDINWEIGHTFROM1822OZ510624GFORPLAYERSBELOWTHEHIGHSCHOOLLEVEL,ASMALLERBALLISUSED,BUTTHEBALLINMENSGAMESMEASURES29530IN7576CMINCIRCUMFERENCE,ANDAWOMENSBALLIS28529IN7274CMINCIRCUMFERENCETHECOVERINGOFTHEBALLISLEATHER,RUBBER,COMPOSITION,ORSYNTHETIC,ALTHOUGHLEATHERCOVERSONLYAREDICTATEDBYRULESFORCOLLEGEPLAY,UNLESSTHETEAMSAGREEOTHERWISEORANGEISTHEREGULATIONCOLORATALLLEVELSOFPLAY,THEHOMETEAMPROVIDESTHEBALLINFLATIONOFTHEBALLISBASEDONTHEHEIGHTOFTHEBALLSBOUNCEINSIDETHECOVERINGORCASING,ARUBBERBLADDERHOLDSAIRTHEBALLMUSTBEINFLATEDTOAPRESSURESUFFICIENTTOMAKEITREBOUNDTOAHEIGHTMEASUREDTOTHETOPOFTHEBALLOF4954IN1214MWHENITISDROPPEDONASOLIDWOODENFLOORFROMASTARTINGHEIGHTOF6FT180MMEASUREDFROMTHEBOTTOMOFTHEBALLTHEFACTORYMUSTTESTTHEBALLS,ANDTHEAIRPRESSURETHATMAKESTHEBALLLEGALINKEEPINGWITHTHEBOUNCETESTISSTAMPEDONTHEBALLDURINGTHEINTENSITYOFHIGHSCHOOLANDCOLLEGETOURNEYSANDTHEPROFESSIONALPLAYOFFS,THISINFLATEDSPHERECOMMANDSCONSIDERABLEATTENTIONBASKETBALLISONEOFFEWSPORTSWITHAKNOWNDATEOFBIRTHONDECEMBER1,1891,INSPRINGFIELD,MASSACHUSETTS,JAMESNAISMITHHUNGTWOHALFBUSHELPEACHBASKETSATTHEOPPOSITEENDSOFAGYMNASIUMANDOUTLINED13RULESBASEDONFIVEPRINCIPLESTOHISSTUDENTSATTHEINTERNATIONALTRAININGSCHOOLOFTHEYOUNGMENSCHRISTIANASSOCIATIONYMCA,WHICHLATERBECAMESPRINGFIELDCOLLEGENAISMITH18611939WASAPHYSICALEDUCATIONTEACHERWHOWASSEEKINGATEAMSPORTWITHLIMITEDPHYSICALCONTACTBUTALOTOFRUNNING,JUMPING,SHOOTING,ANDTHEHANDEYECOORDINATIONREQUIREDINHANDLINGABALLTHEPEACHBASKETSHEHUNGASGOALSGAVETHESPORTTHENAMEOFBASKETBALLHISSTUDENTSWEREEXCITEDABOUTTHEGAME,ANDCHRISTMASVACATIONGAVETHEMTHECHANCETOTELLTHEIRFRIENDSANDPEOPLEATTHEIRLOCALYMCASABOUTTHEGAMETHEASSOCIATIONLEADERSWR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