snt0952-2000 进出口商品抽样检验程序 孤立批计数抽样批不合格品率的估计及样本量的选定(适用于批量较大的情形)

SNT09522000进出口商品抽样检验程序孤立批计数抽样批不合格品率的估计及样本量的选定适用于批量较大的情形进出口商品抽样检验程序孤立批计数抽样批不合格品率的估计及样本量的选定适用于批量较大的情形SAMPLINGPROCEDURESFORIMPORTANDEXPORTCOMMODITYINSPECTIONESTIMATIONOFNONCONFORMINGPROPORTIONANDSELECTIONOFSAMPLESIZEFORISOLATEDLOTINSPECTIONBYATTRIBUTESAPPLYTOTHECASEOFLARGELOTSIZESNT09522000前言本标准规定了在进出口商品计数抽样检验时，对孤立批不合格品率的估计方法和对样本量的选定。对批不合格品率的估计方法参考了GBT408711983数据的统计处理和解释二项分布参数的点估计和GBT408721983数据的统计处理和解释二项分布参数的区间估计。本标准的附录A、附录B都是标准的附录。本标准的附录C是提示的附录。本标准系进出口商品抽样检验程序系列标准的第一部分。本标准由中华人民共和国国家出入境检验检疫局提出并归口。本标准起草单位中华人民共和国广东出入境检验检疫局。本标准主要起草人李成明、朱伯兆、于振凡、黎庆翔、薛华。本标准系首次发布的检验检疫行业标准。1范围本标准规定了孤立批不合格品率的估计方法和样本量的选定。本标准适用于批量N大于250，且样本量不超过批量的十分之一的情形。本标准对批不合格品率进行区间估计时，其置信水平1A取090和095。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。GBT335811993统计学术语第一部分一般统计学术语GBT335821993统计学术语第二部分统计质量控制术语GBT408711983数据的统计处理和解释二项分布参数的点估计GBT408721983数据的统计处理和解释二项分布参数的区间估计GBT65831994质量管理和质量保证术语GBT101111988利用随机数骰子进行随机抽样的方法3定义和符号31定义本标准引用了GBT33581、GBT33582、G8T6583中的定义。311单位商品UNITOFCOMMODITY为了实施估计不合格晶率的需要而划分的基本单位，称为单位商品。例如单件商品、一对商品、一组商品、一个部件或一定长度、一定面积、一定体积、一定重量的商品，它与贸易所规定的单位商品可以一致，也可以不一致。312检验INSPECTION为确定商品或过程是否合格，对一种或多种特性进行测定、检查、试验，并和规定要求进行比较的活动。313计数抽样检验SAMPLINGINSPECTIONBYATTRIBUTES根据商品技术标准规定的一组或一项技术要求，确定单位商品是合格品还是不合格品，或者计算单位商品的不合格数的抽样检验。314计量质量特性QUALITYCHARACTERISTICOFVARIABLES被检单位商品能用连续尺度进行度量的质量特性。315计量抽样检验SAMPLINGINSPECTIONBYVARIABLES按规定的抽样方案从批中随机抽取一定数量的单位商品，用测量、试验或其他方法取得它们的质量特性值，与质量要求进行对比，并判断该批商品能否接收的过程。316检验批1OT为了实施抽样检验汇集起来的单位商品的集合，简称批。317批量LOTSIZE检验批中所含单位商品的数量。318连续批CONTINUINGSERIESOFLOTS由同一生产厂在认为相同条件下连续生产的一系列的批。319孤立批ISOLATEDLOT脱离已生产或汇集的批系列，不属于当前检验批系列的批。3110样本单位UNITOFSAMPLE从检验批中抽取用于检验的样本中的单位商品。3111样本SAMPLE样本单位的全体。3112样本量SAMPLESIZE样本中所包含的样本单位数。3113不合格NONCONFORMITY质量特性不符合规定。根据单位商品质量特性的重要性或者质量特性不符合的严重程度，可将不合格分为A类不合格、B类不合格和C类不合格。31131A类不合格NONCONFORMITYOFCLASSA单位商品的极重要质量特性不符合规定，或者单位商品的质量特性极严重不符合规定。31132B类不合格NONCONFORMITYOFCLASSB单位商品的重要质量特性不符合规定，或者单位商品的质量特性严重不符合规定。31133C类不合格NONCONFORMITYOFCLASSC单位商品的一般质量特性不符合规定，或者单位商品的质量特性轻微不符合规定。3114不合格品NONCONFORMINGITEM有一项或一项以上不合格的单位商品。按不合格类型一般可分为A类不合格品，B类不合格品和C类不合格品。3141A类不合格品NONCONFORMINGITEMOFCLASSA有一项或一项以上A类不合格，也可能还有B类和或C类不合格的单位商品。31142B类不合格品NONCONFORMINGITEMOFCLASSB有一项或一项以上B类不合格，也可能还有C类不合格，但不包含A类不合格的单位商品。31143C类不合格品NONCONFORMINGITEMOFCLASSC有一项或一项以上C类不合格，但不包含A类和B类不合格的单位商品。3115不合格品率PROPORTIONOFNONCONFORMINGUNITS批或样本中不合格品数目除以其中单位商品总数，称为批或样本不合格品率。注不合格品率的100倍称为不合格品百分数。3116估计ESTIMATION根据样本推断总体分布的未知成分，例如参数。3117估计量ESTIMATOR用以估计总体分布未知量的统计量。3118估计值ESTIMATE根据样本观测值，对估计量的计算结果。3119双侧置信区间TWOSIDEDCONFIDENCEINTERVAL若P是要估计的总体分布未知量，PP是两个统计量，使区间P，P以一定概率包含P，则此区间是P的一个双侧置信区间。P和P分别为置信区LULULU间的下、上限。3120单侧置信区间ONESIDEDCONFIDENCEINTERVAL在置信区间P，P中，若区间为P，1或0，P时，该置信区间为单侧置信区间。此时P为置信下限，P为置信上限。LULULU3121置信水平CONFIDENCELEVELP，P是P的一个双侧或单侧置信区间，1A是0和1之间的常数，若对一切P，有LUPPPP1ALU则1A为该置信区间的置信水平。注当PPPP1A时，1A也常称为置信系数或置信度。LU3122估计等级ESTIMATIONGRADE批量与样本量大小之间的等级对应关系。3123追加样本ADDITIONALSAMPLE初次抽样后，为提高估计等级，在原检验批中另外抽取的样本。3124复检REESTIMATION对批不合格品率检验估计结果有异议时，在原检验批中通过追加样本以更高估计等级估计批不合格品率的抽样检验。32符号N批量N样本量N初检样本量LN追加样本量2N复检样本量RD样本中的不合格品数D初检样本中的不合格品数1D追加样本中的不合格品数2D复检样本中的不合格品数RP批的实际质量水平1A置信水平P置信下限LP置信上限UP批不合格品率的点估计值ME1E7估计等级4抽样检验和估计程序本标准规定的抽样检验和估计程序如下A确定检验批；B确定单位商品质量特性及要求；C确定不合格品的分类；D确定估计等级；E检索样本量；F抽取样本；G检验样本；H确定估计类型；I确定批不合格品率的点估计值；J确定批不合格品率的置信区间；K追加样本；1复检。5抽样检验和估计的实施51确定检验批单位商品经简单汇集形成检验批。可按贸易批、交货批、运输批形成检验批，也可按其他方式形成检验批。52确定单位商品质量特性及要求根据贸易合同或商品技术标准对单位商品的技术性能、技术指标、安全、卫生指标等确定需检验的质量特性。商品质量特性应符合计数抽样检验的要求。53确定不合格品的分类按照实际估计的需要确定不合格品的分类，一般区分为A类、B类及C类三种类别。在单位商品比较简单情况下，也可少分或不区分类别。54确定估计等级根据估计精度、检验费用及现场条件选定估计等级。本标准在表1给出了与不同估计精度对应的7个估计等级。随估计等级从E1至E7依次递增，样本量增大，估计精度提高。通常采用E3，E4，E5估计等级。当需要的估计精度比较低、费用较高或受现场条件限制时，可采用E1，E2估计等级，当需要的估计精度比较高特别是对A类不合格、检验费用较低及条件允许时，可采用E6，E7估计等级，其中E7估计等级是各批量范围样本量的上限值。55检索样本量按照估计等级及批量范围从表1确定样本量。表1不同估计等级与批量范围所需的样本量ELE2E3E4E5E6E72514002345689121320212526324016504568912132021252632334065110006891213151622233233404L45100115009121315162223323340414546561501250013151620212526353645465657802501400016202125263536454656578081125400165002125263536454656578081125126150650110000263536454656578081125126150151180100011500036454656578081125126150151180181220150012500046565780811251261501511801812202212502500157808112512615015118018122022125022125056抽取样本在检验批中随机抽样，可使用GBT10111等方法进行简单随机抽样，也可根据需要或视情况采用分层抽样、系统抽样或多级抽样等抽样方法，以保证抽取的样本具有好的代表性。57检验样本按有关标准和技术规范要求的检验项目逐一检验样本中的每个样本单位，并依据合格与否的判别准则对结果进行判定，统计被检样本中的不合格品数。对有不同类别的不合格品规定的，应分别统计样本中的不合格品数。58确定估计类型根据检验要求确定进行点估计、双侧或单侧区间估计置信限类型。如果样本中的不合格品数大于0时，可对批不合格品率进行点估计及区间估计；当样本中的不合格品数等于0时，不对批不合格品率进行点估计，只确定不合格品率的单侧置信上限。59确定批不合格品率点估计值根据样本量和样本中含有的不合格品数按附录A中表A，确定其批不合格品率的点估计值P。M510确定批不合格品率置信区间根据置信限类型、置信水平常规置信水平090、样本量和样本中含有的不合格品数按附录A中表A，确定其置信区间P，1、0，P或P、P。LULU511追加样本当第一次抽样检验后，发现不合格品或需要选择更高的估计等级进行检验和估计时，可追加样本。追加样本量N用目标估计等级样本量N减去第一次2抽样估计等级的样本量N确定NNN。检验结果的判定，应根据总样本量NNN和总不合格品数DDD，从附录A中表A确定，具体步骤按121L2L259、510。512复检根据需要或应贸易关系人要求进行复检时，从批中再抽取N个样本单位进行检验，根据总检验样本量NNNN与总不合格品数DDDD，从附RL2RL2R录A中表A判定复检结果。6批不合格品率估计值的统计解释批不合格品率P是一个客观存在但未知的值，只有通过样本检验才能得到估计，抽样样本量越大，估计的精度越高，点估计值P是根据样本量N及检验M所得的不合格品数D按一定准则计算出来的一个确定的数值，它有可能比P大（高估），也有可能比P小（低估）。本标准采用的准则是使高估与低估的概率相等。点估计的缺点是不知道估计的实际精度，为弥补上缺点，可用置信区间P、P来对P进行估计，该区间包含P的概率，即是置信水平。LU对于同一检验批，在规定一置信水平情况下，检验样本量越大（估计等级越高），置信区间的长度（PP）就越小，估计也越精确；对于某一检验LU结果（确定的N与D），相对于置信水平高的置信区间的长度比相对于置信水平低的置信区间的长度要大，而实际精度是一样的。附录A附录A标准的附录批不合格品率的点估计和区间估计表A1批不合格品率点估计值计算公式样本量为N，样本中的不合格品数为D时，批不合格品率的点估计值P面公式确定M用此方法估计批不合格品率，可使高估的概率等于低估的概率。A2批不合格品率区间估计计算公式置信水平1时，则不合格品率户的置信区间P，P下限、上限用下面公式确定LU当计算单侧置信下限、上限时AA；当计算双侧置信下限、上限时，AA/2。表A区间估计点090095估计单侧双侧单侧双侧PPPPPPPPPLULULULUM0000006840000077600000776000008422100510949002509750025097500130987070720316100002241000022410000158100010000000005360000063200000632000007081003508040017086500170865000809060500320196096501350983013509830094099207943046410000368100003681000029210001，000000000438000005270000052700000602100260680001307510013075100060806038642014308570098090200980902006809320，6143032009740249098702490987019409940841405621000047310000473100003981000100000000036900000451000004510000052210021058400100657001006570005071603142011207530076081100760811005308530500530247088801890，9240189092401470947068640416097903430990034309900284099508715063110000549100005491000047810001000000000319000003930000039300000459100170510000905820009058200040641026420093066700630729006307290043077704216302010799015308470153084701180882057940333090702710937027109370223095707365049009830418099104180991035909960891606811000060710000607100005411000100000000028000000348000003480000041010015045300070521000705210004057902282007905960053065900530659003707100，36430170072101290775012907750099081605007402790830022508710225087101840，9010636504040921034109470341094702900963077260547098504790；9930479099304210996090660547098504790；99304790993042109960906707201000065210000652100005901000100000000025000000312000003120000036910013040600060471000604710003052702012006905380046060000460600003206510321301470655011107110111071100850755044084024007600193080701930807015708430560503450853028908890289088902450915067960462093104000954040009540349096807997O594098705290994052909940473099709178075010000688100006881000063110001000000000226000002830000028300000336100120368000604290006042900030748201802006104900041055000410550002806000286301290599009806550098065500750701039394021006990169074901690749013707880500503010790025108310251083102120863060760401087103450902034509020299092507147051009390450095904500959040009720820下一页区间估计点090095估计单侧双侧单侧双侧PPPPPPPPPLULULULUM806320988057109940571099405180，9970926990774100007171000071710000664100010000000002060000025900000259000003081001003370005039400050394000304450162200550450003705070037050700250556025930116055200870，6070087060700670652035540188064601500696015006960122073804521050267073302220778022207780187081305486035408120304085003040850026208780645704480884039309130393091303480933074180550094504930；963049309630444097508389066309900606099506060995055509970933100794100007411，0000741100006921000100000000018900000238000002380000028510010031000050364000503640002041301482004904150033047000330470002305180236301050511007905640079056400600610032440169059901350650013506500109069204125024106820200072902000729016707660500116031807590271080002710800023408330588704010831035008650350086503080891067680489089504360921043609210390094007649058509510530096705300967048209770852100690099006360995063609950587099809391108111OOO076210000762100007151OOO10000000001750000022100000221000002651000902870004033900040339000203850136200450386003004380030043800210484021730；096047500720527007205270055057202984015405590123060901230609009906510，379502190638018106850181068501520723046012602880712024507550245075502110789054070362078103150819031508190，2770848062180441084603910877039108770349090107029052509040473092804730928042809450783100614095505620970056209700516097908641107130991066109960661099606150998094412082510000779100007791000073510001000000000162000002060000020600000247100080268000403160004031600020360012620042036000280410002804100019045402003008804440066049500660，4950050053802754014205230113057301130573009106140350502010598016606450166064501390684042560264066902240713022407130192074905001370331073602870776028707760251080805758040207990355083403550834031608610650904770858042708870427088703860909072510055609120505093405050934046209500800110640095805900972059009720546098108741207320992068409960684099606400998094813083810000794100007941000075310001000000000152000001930000019300000232100070251000402970004029700020339011720039033700260385002603850018042801863008104170061046600610466004705080256401310492010405400104054000840581032650185056301530610015306100128064903951460243063102060675020606750177071104657030506950264073602640736023007700535803690757032507940325079402890823060590437081503900847039008470351087206741005080869046008960460089604190916074411058309390534093905340939049209530814下一业区间估计点090095估计单侧双侧单侧双侧PPPPPPPPPLULULULUM120663096106150974061509740572098208831413074909930703099607030996066109980952140848100008071000080710000，76810001000000000142000001810000018100000218100070236000302790003027900020319010920036031002403630024036300170405017430076039300570440005704400043048102394012204640097051100970511007805510305501720532014205770142057701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