全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4Unit6电子教案

1、,B R _ main,English Song Dear Diary,Questionnaire,Warm-up Questions,Background Information,B R _ 1_main,English Song Dear Diary,Dear Diary,Questions and Answers,B R _ 4_main,Background Information,Richard Tomkins,Technology,Stress in the Workplace,B R _ 1_1,Dear Diary,B R _ 1_2.1,Questions and Answe

2、rs,1. How does the singer treat his diary? Why?,He treats it as a friend, to whom he can pour out his inmost feelings.,2. What does the singer think about how other people spend their time?,He thinks they spend their days in a rush, so much so that they have no time for each other or for themselves.

3、,B R _ 1_2.2,3. What can we infer about the singers attitude towards the pace of life today?,It is unwise for people to spend days in a rush.,B R _ 2,Questionnaire,Purpose:,Directions:,Scoring and Interpretation:,Number of “Yes” Answers Stress Category:,B R _ 2_Purpose,The purpose of this questionna

4、ire is to increase your awareness of stress in your life.,B R _ 2_Directions1,If you answer “yes” to any of the following stress index questions, just click the sentence.,1. I have frequent arguments.,2. I often get upset at work.,3. I often have neck and/or shoulder pains due to anxiety/stress.,4.

5、I often get upset when I stand in long lines.,5. I often get angry when I listen to the local, national, or world news or read the newspaper.,B R _ 2_Directions2,6. I do not have a sufficient amount of money for my needs.,7. I often get upset when driving.,8. At the end of a workday, I often feel st

6、ress-related fatigue.,9. I have at least one constant source of stress/anxiety in my life (e.g., conflict with boss, neighbor, mother- in-law, etc.).,10. I often have stress-related headaches.,B R _ 2_Directions3,11. I do not practice stress management techniques.,12. I rarely take time for myself.,

7、13. I have difficulty in keeping my feelings of anger and hostility under control.,14. I have difficulty in managing time wisely.,15. I often have difficulty sleeping.,B R _ 2_Directions4,16. I am generally in a hurry.,17. I usually feel that there is not enough time in the day to accomplish what I

8、need to do.,18. I often feel that I am being mistreated by friends or associates.,19. I do not regularly perform physical activity.,20. I rarely get 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night.,B R _ 2_Scoring,Answering “yes” to any of the questions means that you need to use some form of stress management tech

9、niques. Add your “yes” answers and use the following scale to evaluate the level of stress in your life.,B R _ 2_Number of ,6 - 20 High stress 3 - 5 Average stress 0 - 2 Low stress,B R _ 3_1,Warm-up Questions,Listen to the following short passage and discuss the questions.,“Now psychologists look at

10、 our view of time another way. They go into several countries and measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offices. They see how long people take to answer questions. Japanese keep the fastest pace. A

11、mericans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the list.,B R _ 3_2, Finally, we look at heart disease. Thats tricky, because other factors are involved. Our hearts greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. Smokers who drive themse

12、lves are really asking for it.”,1. What do you think keep people in some countries so busy?,B R _ 3_3,2. What might be the acute / major problems facing people today?,1. Tension Physical, mental, emotional 2. Health problems Physical, mental and emotional diseases 3. Ecological pollution / Rupture i

13、n ozone layer 4. Disturbed family relations 5. Violence and cruelty 6. Corruption / Dishonesty / Immorality 7. Drug-addiction 8. Neglect of law have,Stress in the Workplace,to learn new skills, adapt to new situations, and cope with new threats. As a result we will find ourselves becoming more tired

14、, making more mistakes, becoming more hostile, more anxious, more depressed, suffering more ill-health, and having more accidents.,B R _ 4_3.2,If we are to survive in an ever-accelerating world, it is imperative that we learn to cope with the increasing pressures of change. If we do not, breakdowns

15、and burnouts will become the norm.,G R _ main,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,G R _ Further Understanding_ main,For Part 1 Scanning,Blank Filling,For Part 2 True or False,Further Understanding,For Part 3 Table Completion,For Part 4 Questions and Answers,G R _ Part Division of the Tex

16、t 1,Part Division of the Text,Parts,Para(s),Main Ideas,1,111,2,1218,The author gives three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today.,Not every one is time-stressed, and in the case of Americans they have actually gained more free time in the past decade.,G R _ Part Division of the Text 2,Parts,Para

17、(s),Main Ideas,3,1923,4,2428,The perception of time-famine has triggered a variety of reactions.,The author pins down the crux (症结) of the problem and puts forward a remedy for the stress we feel.,G R _ 2_Scanning1,Scanning,Scan part one and find out three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today.

18、And make a note of the transitional devices used there.,Technology,1. 2. 3.,_,Information explosion,_,Rising prosperity,_,G R _ 2_Scanning2,Transitional devices:,apart, a second reason(Para. 7),_,There is another reason(Para. 11),_,1. 2.,G R _ 2_Blank Filling1,Blank Filling,Facts are valuable as evi

19、dence that enhances the persuasive force of an argumentative paper. In stating the first reason, the author lists a number of facts to try to convince the readers of the unfavorable effects technology has had on our lives. Now could you find some more supporting facts apart from the one given below,

20、 and put them down?,G R _ 2_Blank Filling2,The motorcar brings more traffic problems than it promises to solve.,1.,The aircraft creates a high demand for time-consuming journeys that we never dreamed of.,_,2.,The washing machine, contrary to our expectations, multiplies the hours spent on washing an

21、d ironing.,_,3.,4.,Instead of making our lives easier, technology goes so far as to cram extra work into our leisure time.,_,G R _ 2_Blank Filling3,Technology produces the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails.,_,5.,Technology eats further into our time by forcing us to handle sof

22、tware glitches on computers and filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.,_,6.,G R _ 2_True or False1,True or False,Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements are true or false.,It is convenient to say we are all lacking in time.,2. About 50 percent of people will te

23、ll you they never have enough time to get things done.,F,It is too general to say we are all lacking in time.,( ),F,About 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done.,( ),4. The gains of free time were unevenly distributed only because diff

24、erent groups of people gained different amount of free time.,3. In the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years.,G R _2_True or False2,F,There is also a gender issue here.,( ),T,( ),G R _ 2_Table Completion1,Table Completion,Fill in the chart with a variety of reactions prov

25、oked by the perception of the time famine and the trouble with all these reactions. Pay attention to the transitional devices, too.,An attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest possible investment of time,Trying to buy time,Reaction 1,Reaction 2,The growth of the

26、work-life debate,Reaction 3,G R _ 2_Table Completion2,Liberating time is useless if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes.,1. One is (Para. 19) 2. also(Para. 21) 3. A third reaction(Para. 22),Trouble,Transitional Devices,G R _2_Q$A1,Questions and Answers,1. What is the crux of

27、the problem the author points out?,The author points out the time stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the too many things we try to do.,2. What is remedy for the stress according to the authors opinion?,A possible remedy is that we should understand the problem and realize th

28、at it is not more time we need, it is fewer desires.,D R _ Text 1,Old Father Time Becomes a Terror,Once upon a time, technology, we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, leaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and ple

29、asure. But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate: as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium. And as each invention arrives, it eats further into our time.,Richard Tomkins,D R _ Text 2,The motorcar, for example, promis

30、ed unimaginable levels of personal mobility. But now, traffic in cities moves more slowly than it did in the days of the horse-drawn carriage, and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams.,The aircraft promised new horizons, too. The trouble is, it delivered them. Its very existence created a demand

31、 for time-consuming journeys that we would never previously have dreamed of undertaking the transatlantic shopping expedition, for example, or the trip to a convention on the other side of the world.,D R _ Text 3,In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the

32、home, washing machines promised to free women from having to toil over the laundry. In reality, they encouraged us to change our clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. Similarly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours

33、spent on personal grooming.,D R _ Text 4,Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into our leisure time the laptop-on-the-beach syndrome but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing softwar

34、e glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Internet. Technology apart, the Internet points the way to a second reason why we feel so time-pressed: the information explosion.,D R _ Text 5,A couple of centuries ago, nearly all the worlds accumulated lea

35、rning could be contained in the heads of a few philosophers. Today, those heads could,not hope to accommodate more than a tiny fraction of the information generated in a single day. News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are mil

36、lions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate.,D R _ Text 6,“In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book was an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Univers

37、itys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”,D R _ Text 7,There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosper

38、ity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance the confusion of en

39、dless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, director of the Future Foundation, a London research company.,D R _ Text 8,“Youve got pe

40、ople retiring early, youve got the unemployed, youve got other people maybe only peripherally involved in the economy who dont have this situation at all. If youre unemployed, your problem is that youve got too much time, not too little.” Paul Edwards, chairman of the London-based Henley Centre fore

41、casting group, points out that the feeling of pressures can also be exaggerated, or self- imposed,imposed. “Everyone talks about it so much that about 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done,” he says.,D R _ Text 9,“Its almost got to th

42、e point where theres stress envy. If youre not stressed, youre not succeeding. Everyone wants to have a little bit of this stress to show theyre an important person.” There is another aspect to all of this too. Hour-by-hour logs kept by thousands of volunteers over the decades have shown that, in th

43、e U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years, and in the U.S., they have actually fallen even for those in professional and executive jobs, where the perceptions of stress are highest.,D R _ Text 10,In the U.S., John Robinson, professor of sociology at the University of Maryla

44、nd, and Geoffrey Godbey, professor of leisure studies at Penn State University found that, since the mid-1960s, the average American had gained five hours a week in free time that is, time left after working, sleeping, commuting, caring for children and doing the chores. The gains, however, were une

45、venly distributed. The people who benefited the most were singles and empty-nesters. Those who gained the least less than an hour-were working couples with pre-school children, perhaps reflecting the trend for parents to spend more time nurturing their offspring.,D R _ Text 11,There is, of course, a

46、 gender issue here, too. Advances in household appliances may have encouraged women to take paying jobs: but as we have already noted, technology did not end household chores. As a result, we see appalling inequalities in the distribution of,free time between the sexes. According to the Henley Centr

47、e, working fathers in the U. K. average 48 hours of free time a week. Working mothers get 14.,D R _ Text 12,Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread, and has provoked a variety of reactions. One is an attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the sma

48、llest possible investment of time. People today want fast food, sound bytes and instant gratification. And they become upset when time is wasted.,D R _ Text 13,“People talk about quality time. They want perfect moments,” says the Henley Centres Edwards. “If you take your kids to a movie and McDonald

49、s and its not perfect, youve wasted an afternoon, and its a sense that youve lost something precious. If you lose some money you can earn some more, but if you waste time you can never get it back.” People are also trying to buy time. Anything that helps streamline our lives is a growth market. One

50、example is what Americans call concierge services domestic help, childcare, gardening and decorating. And on-line retailers are seeing big increases in sales though not, as yet, profits.,D R _ Text 14,A third reaction to time famine has been the growth of the work-life debate. You hear more about pe

51、ople taking early retirement or giving up high pressure jobs in favour of occupations with shorter working hours. And bodies such as Britains National Work-Life Forum have sprung up, urging employers to end the long-hours culture among managers and to adopt family-friendly working policies. The trou

52、ble with all these reactions is that liberating time whether by making better use of it, buying it from others or reducing the amount spent at work is futile if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes.,D R _ Text 15,As Godbey points out, the stress we feel arises not from a short

53、age of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it. “Its the kid in the candy store,” he says. “Theres just so many good,good things to do. The array of choices is stunning. Our free time is increasing, but not as fast as our sense of the necessary.” A more successful remedy may lie

54、in understanding the problem rather than evading it.,D R _ Text 16,Before the industrial revolution, people lived in small communities with limited communications. Within the confines of their village, they could reasonably expect to know everything that was to be known, see everything that was to b

55、e seen, and do everything that was to be done. Today, being curious by nature, we are still trying to do the same. But the global village is a world of limitless possibilities, and we can never achieve our aim.,D R _ Text 17,It is not more time we need: it is fewer desires. We need to switch off the

56、 cell-phone and leave the children to play by themselves. We need to buy less, read less and travel less. We need to set boundaries for ourselves, or be doomed to mounting despair.,D R _ S_ The trouble is ,The trouble is, it delivered them.,What do “deliver” and “them” here refer to?,“Deliver” means

57、 to provide or to bring, “them” here refers to “horizons”.,2. What does “trouble” imply?,It implies the unfavorable effect of the invention of aircraft, that is, people, driven on by new horizons, would like to spend more time on time-consuming journeys.,D R _ S_ Now ,Now, I find myself subscribing

58、to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.,1. Paraphrase “the expanding frontiers of scholarship”.,the ever-advancing development in the new field of academy,2. What is the purpose for the author to quote this sentence?,The purpose is to give u