关于despair用法的小结

1、关于despair用法的小结 despair的用法但失败并没有使他绝望。误：but failure didnt drive him to despairs.正：but failure didnt drive him to despair.析：despair(失望，绝望)是不可数名词。他使许多别的钢琴家望尘莫及。误：he is a despair for many other pianists.正：he is the despair of many other pianists.析：the despair of sb 是一固定结构，意为“令某人毫无办法” 或“令某人望尘莫及”。又如：this b

2、oy is the despair of all his teachers.(这个男孩使他所有的老师感到束手无策)。他们不抱比赛获胜的希望。误：they were despaired of winning the game.正：they despaired of winning the game.析：despair 用作动词，是不及物的，其意为“失望”、“绝望” 等，而不是“使失望”、“使绝望”，所以不用于被动语态。要表示“对.感到绝望或丧失信心”，其后通常用介词 of，又如：never despair of success.(千成不要丧失获得成功的信心)。关于 despair 用法的小结作为

3、名词时，最常见的用法是 in despair。i spent hours trying to fix the tv, but gave up in despair.im in despair.failures repeating failures throw him in despair but no one is capable of helping him.还有一种名词用法 be the depair of sb。hes the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job.my handwriti

4、ng was the despair of my teachers.作为动词时，despair 是不及物动词 (intransitive verb)we should not despair.dont despair! well find a way out!despite his illness, ron never despaired.知识补充：despair在过去有及物动词的用法但已经过时了，字典上标记为obsolete. 不可当及物动词使用。这里注意看例句，ron never despaired 而不是说 ron is never despaired。despaired不能作为形容词使

5、用。despair就人类而言，包含着主动的意味。例如 i danced. 不可以说 i was danced。说 i was danced 这很可笑，不是吗?说到这里可能会联想到 i was satisfied. satisfy就人类，包含着被动的意味。某事/某物 satify 某人，所以某人 be satisfied。事实上 satisfied 在这里是当作形容词用的。这两个词的用法很不一样，不是吗?如果要表示对某事/某人感到绝望，应该用词组 despair ofi despair of it.if you despair of something, you feel that there

6、is no hope that it will happen or improve.if you despair of someone, you feel that there is no hope that they will improve.华生在战场上中弹，在医院刚能活动，晒晒太阳的时候，又被伤寒击倒了，这时，回过去头去看*开头的例句：for months my life was despaired of, and when at last i came to myself and became convalescent, i was so weak and emaciated that

7、 a medical board determined that not a day should be lost in sending my back to england.几个月来 my life 也就是 watsons life was despaired of. 这里是一个被动句式。结合上下文这里指的是医生们 despaired of his life 时, 意味着 he wasnt expected to survive。near的用法以及是否后接介词to1. 用作形容词，意为“临近的”;用作副词，意为“在附近”;用作介词，意为“在附近”。如：christmas is getting

8、 near. 圣诞节快要到了。they live quite near. 她们住得相当近。our school is near the river. 我们学校在河的附近。2. 由于可同时用作介词和形容词，所以要表示“靠近某处”，其后可以连用介词 to, 也可以不用;从使用的具体情况来看，near之后不用to的情况居多;而nearer, nearest 之后用介词 to 的情况居多。如：he stood near (to) the door. 他站在门附近。who lives nearest (to) the school? 谁家离学校最近?i tried to get nearer (to)

9、the fire. 我试图向火边靠近些。call me again nearer (to) the time of the meeting. 接近开会的时候再给我来个电话。若用于引申用法，则通常带有介词to。如：she was came near to tears. 她差点儿哭了。由于其中的to是介词，所以后接动词时要用动名词。如：she came near to crying. 她差点儿哭了。i came very near to hitting him. 我差点要动手打他了。这样用时动名词前的介词to有时也可以省略，但远不如保留to常见。3. 用于near at hand，表示“即将到来”

10、“在近旁”。如：the meeting is near at hand. 会议即将开始。i always keep my telephone near at hand. 我总是将手机放在随手可拿到的地方。some用于疑问句和否定句的用法大家知道，some主要用于肯定句，而在否定句和疑问句中则一般要改用any。如：there are some people over there. 那边有一些人。there arent any people over there. 那边没有人。are there any people over there? 那边有人吗?但是，在下列几种特殊情况下却通常要用some

11、而不用any：1. 希望得到肯定回答的疑问句通常用some。如：can i borrow some money? 我能借点钱吗?can you procure some specimens for me/procure me some specimens?你能替我弄到一些标本吗?can you give me some advice? im thinking of buying a computer. 你能给我一些建议吗?我在考虑买台电脑。2. 表示请求或建议的疑问句通常用some。如：would you like some melon? 你要吃点瓜吗?shall i pour you som

12、e tea? 我给你斟点茶好吗?why dont you go and grab some sleep? 你为什么不抓紧时间睡一会呢?why not liven up the room with some flowers? 为什么不用些花使房间更有生气呢?3. 有时some 用于肯定句和否定句均可，但意义有区别。如：i dont like some of the films. 这些电影中有几部我不喜欢。i dont like any of the films. 这些电影中我一部也不喜欢。4. 与表示否定意义的 few 或 little 连用，表示肯定意义，其意为“不少”“相当多”。如：some

13、 few students were absent today. 今天有不少学生缺席。he spent some little money on books. 他花不少钱买书。注：不要将some few / some little 理解为“相当少”。没有比较级的形容词和副词没有比较级的形容词和副词包括：1)有些程度副词，如：quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively,fairly等与形容词连用具有比较含义。故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级。 例如：it is a set of comparatively new instrum

14、ent in our laboratory.this book is rather difficult for the juniors, but fairly easy for theseniors.2)下列几类形容词也没有比较等级：(1)表示终极意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如：absolute(ly), blind, dead,excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong等。(2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如：back, backward, forward, front,past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vert