高考英语短文改错测试重点及分类解析

1、高考英语短文改错测试重点及分类解析 第一章 短文改错测试重点及分类解析根据短文改错的命题特点，我们可以按照以下四步进行备考快速练习。第一步： 审题。通读全文， 了解大意。全面把握文章整体(时态、 题材及内容)。第二步： 重读全文， 应先确定一些明显的错误， 以便疏通短文， 化繁为简， 为后面解题打开思路。许多问题可在这一阶段得到解决。从词法、句法到行文逻辑三方面着手， 逐句而不是逐行地分析、 找错。第三步： 综观全篇， 看错误类型的比例是否得当、 前后逻辑是否一致、 有无前后矛盾等现象。第四步： 认真检查， 避免出现以下错误： 符号不规范； 一个词改为几个或几个改为一个； 该大写的未大写； 合

2、成词只改了其中一部分等。下面，我们根据词性不同， 来对改错题目进行分类解析。第一节 名 词在短文改错中见到名词时， 应检查是否有数、 格及名词前限定词用法等错误。汉语中的名词在形式上无复数变化， 而是通过在名词前加数词来表示； 英语则不同， 除了在名词前加数词之外， 如果是可数名词， 还应将该名词变为复数形式。1. 检查句中名词的单复数形式是否符合句意。2. 检查句中有无可数名词和不可数名词的误用。3. 检查句中有无所有格的误用。4. 检查句中有无名词前限定词的误用。练 习请改正下列句子中的语法错误， 注意名词的使用。1. He is on good term with me.2. He is

3、 a generous fellow, and will soon make friend with you again.3. His opinion is considered to be great value.4. He sent his daughter to a girls high school.5. Give me three spoonful of sugar.6. His eyes are as blue as a Scandinavian.7. A few peoples live to be a hundred years old.8. Aunt Mary returne

4、d home after ten years absence.9. He is a friend of my brother.10. The observation of the law is the first duty of every citizen.第二节 动词的谓语形式一、 谓语动词的时态1. 掌握各种时态的用法2. 注意时态的协调一致1)在简单句中， 时态要与时间状语一致。2)当两个或两个以上的谓语共用一个主语时， 其时态要求一致。3)由并列连词连接的两个句子， 时态上也要求一致。4)当遇到宾语从句和间接引语时， 若其主句是过去时， 则在从句中也必须使用过去时。但是当宾语从句表示的

5、是客观事实和真理时， 一般用一般现在时。5)与宾语从句一样， 主语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句的时态也要求和主句的时态一致。6)定语从句和状语从句也要与主句的时态相呼应， 当从句谓语表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生时， 要用相同的时态。二、 谓语动词的语态1. 检查句子是否该用被动语态。2. 检查被动语态形式是否正确。3. 检查被动语态的时态与句中其他时态是否相呼应， 其数是否与其主语一致。三、 谓语动词的语气虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式， 用来表示说话人所说的话不是客观存在的事实， 而是一种与事实相反的愿望、 可能、 推测、 建议、 要求、 假设或主观的设想等。改错时应特别注意：1. 虚拟语气

6、在条件句中的应用。2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。3. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用。四、 情态动词下列用法常是短文改错的焦点：1.must表示“必须， 不得不”时， 其否定式是neednt或do not have to； must not则表示“不许， 禁止”。2. need与dare既可作情态动词， 也可作实义动词； 而作实义动词时， 若要构成问句和否定句， 就需要助动词do/does/did。3. “can+have+过去分词”结构用在疑问句和否定句中， 表示对过去的事情所作的推测。4. “could+have+过去分词”结构除用来表示对过去的事情所作的推测外， 还可用来表示某事有可能在

7、过去发生， 但实际上并没有发生。5. “may/might+have+过去分词”结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的推测。(“可能已经了”)6. “must+have+过去分词”结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的肯定判断。(“一定已经了吧”)7. “should/ought to+have+过去分词”结构用来表示过去应做而未做的事， 含有自责或责备的语气。(“本来应该的”)8. “need not+have+过去分词”结构用来表示过去做了没有必要做的事。(“本来不必的”)练 习1. After they had chose the books they wished to read, the instr

8、uctor told them the principal points he wanted them to note.2. When I reach at the end of a cigarette, my money has gone up in smoke.3. The island has little vegetation(植被)， it scarcely raises above the surrounding sea.4. In our school the teachers would leave most students go out early on Friday af

9、ternoons before football games.5. Ours was the first group of swimmers who had dove into the new pool.6. I will like to know where you were born.7. I would like you read it again.8. What will you like to do when you finish your course at Leeds?9. I hope you can visit my country soon, because Id to s

10、how you some beautiful places near my home.10. My father mustnt have said such a thing.第三节 动词的非谓语形式一、 动词不定式1. 不定式可作主语。2. 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时， 一般要用不定式的被动式。但是在某些形容词后面， 即使是这样， 也不用被动式。3. 某些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。4.当不定式作宾语， 且后面又有宾语补足语时， 通常用it作形式宾语来代替不定式， 而把不定式后置。5. had better, would rather than等词的后面只跟不带to的不定式。6. 动词

11、不定式的一般式表示它与谓语动词同时发生， 或在其后发生； 其完成式则表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。但要注意动词plan, expect, wish, intend, mean, want, would(should) like等后面的不定式的完成式表示原打算要做而最终未做成的事情。二、 动词的-ing形式改错指导以下动词只能跟-ing形式作宾语， 不能跟不定式。如： advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, appreciate, imagine, include, mention,

12、miss, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。三、 过去分词改错指导注意下列几组动词的-ing形式和过去分词之间的区别： surprising(令人吃惊的)， surprised(感到惊讶的)； interesting(令人感兴趣的)， interested(感兴趣的)； disappointing(令人失望的)， disappointed(感到失望的)； encouraging(令人鼓舞的)， encouraged(感到鼓舞的)练 习1. I was used to go to the cinema once a

13、 week.2. He has never been heard speak ill of others.3. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire is security.4. He always enjoys to read a detective story.5. His father would not let him to go.6. It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.7. You should avoid to kee

14、p company with such people.8. Smiling graciously, my offer was accepted by him.9. You had better not to go there.10. The doctor advised me giving up to smoke.第四节 形容词与副词在短文改错中见到形容词和副词时， 检查句中是否误把形容词作副词或误把副词用作形容词， 尤其是一些词形完全一样的形容词与副词。1. 检查句中形容词与副词的位置是否正确。2. 若句中有系动词， 检查其后跟的是形容词还是副词。3. 检查句中有无易混淆的形容词的误用和易混

15、淆的副词的误用。4. 检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成错误。5. 检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的使用错误。6. 检查并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别是否对等。练 习1. He was impossible to find it out.2. You should be respectable towards your teachers.3. I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie.4. Ill be convenient next Sunday.5. You must make your parents happily.6. He

16、 looked differently after his return from Europe.7. The number of girls is very few.8. This shirt is wool(l)en.9. Let asleep dogs lie.10. All the present students must cast their votes.第五节 冠 词1. 检查有无两个不定冠词之间的误用。2. 检查有无定冠词不定冠词之间的误用。3. 检查有无漏用冠词的情况。4. 检查有无错用冠词的情况。练 习1. Last Sunday we went to school to

17、play basketball.2. Plato left behind him a view of the universe set forth in his dialogue in an unique combination of logic and drama.3. I have read a interesting story.4. What kind of a book do you have?5. Youre in right; its not your fault.6. The most of us are flattered when we receive a complime

18、nt.7. Why are you at home in such a fine weather?8. He was elected the Mayor of New York.9. Horse is useful animal.10. Goldsmith is said to have traveled from a place to a place.第六节 代 词一、 人称代词改错指导1. 注意人称代词单复数的使用。2. 注意人称代词主格和宾格的区别。二、 物主代词改错指导对物主代词的考查主要涉及：1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之间的区别。2. 物主代词指代的使用。三、 反身代词改

19、错指导表示“某人自己”的代词称作反身代词。它在句中可作宾语、 同位语和状语， 但不能作主语。在使用反身代词时，同样要注意其单复数和人称必须与所指代的名词一致。四、 不定代词改错指导常用的不定代词有some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, every, one, all, both, either, other, another, others及由some, any, no, every构成的复合词。不定代词的用法较复杂， 需要考生特别注意。五、 指示代词改错指导指示代词有this, that, these, those, it, s

20、uch, same等。this和these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物， 也常用来指后面要提到的事情，有启下的作用。that和those则常用来指时间或空间上较远的人或物， 也可用来代替前面出现过的名词， 以免重复。练 习1. Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it.2. Depend upon that he will come here.3. Whom do you think is the writer of this book?4. His brothers case is quite different from me.5. T

21、he population of London is two times as large as this city.6. People find increasingly difficult to make their living.7. “I must say good-bye now.” “So I must.”8. He is taller than any one in his class.9. I spoke a man who I thought to be my cousin.10.Only yesterday the hotel manager assured my husb

22、and and me that he would accept our reservation for a room.第七节 数 词1. 检查有无基数词与序数词之间的误用。2. 检查在表示几百、 几千、 几百万等数字时表述是否正确。3. 检查分数的表达是否正确。4. 检查在表示“历史上的几十年代和某人几十岁时”的表达方式是否正确。5. 检查数词与其他词构成的复合形容词是否正确。练习1. About three-fifth of the workers of that steel works are young people.2. When he was in his fifty, he mov

23、ed to England.3. 439 is four hundreds and thirty-nine.4. The sun is 93 millions miles away from the earth.5. This big steel plant has a thousand of workers.6. Hundred of people attended the meeting last night.7. People lived a hard life in forties.8. 333 is three hundred thirty-three.9. He wrote a t

24、wo-thousand-words report.10. There are about three hundreds people in the park on National Day.第八节 介 词1. 检查介词有无误用。2. 检查句中有无遗漏介词， 特别要注意作定语用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介词。3. 检查句中有无多余的介词。4. 检查句中介词与动词、 名词、 形容词、 副词等的搭配是否正确。练 习1. You must write your letter with ink.2. A man is known to the company he keeps.3. The field w

25、as dotted the great yellow hats of peasants.4. Dont approach to a work of art in such a spirit.5. The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook.6. I was impressed at the zeal which he spoke of the plan.7. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.8. At last we reached to the village at the

26、 foot of the hill.9. It is known to everyone that butter is made of milk.10. The girl is proud of that her family is well descended.第九节 连 词1. 并列句中， 检查并列连词的使用是否正确， 有无遗漏并列连词的情况。2. 复合句中， 检查从属连词的使用是否正确。3. 检查主语从句和同位语从句前的连词是否遗漏。4. 检查有无连词之间的误用， 尤其是if和whether之间的误用。练 习1. We become more and more impatient of

27、interruptions when the years go on.2. It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.3. At the age of six, my father took me to the circus for the first time.4. He acted like he had never been in a museum before.5. Youll be permitted to bring a watch so that you may kee

28、p track of the time during you are taking the test.6. It was not long since they made their appearance.7. It was not so much the amount of the money but the money itself that surprised him.8. There may not be much choice between this one or that.9. We must eat for we may live.10. Which do you like b

29、etter, coffee and black tea?第十节 从句与一致关系一、 名词性从句短文改错对名词性从句的考查侧重于连词的选择和从句的时态。1. 检查语序是否正确。2. 检查连接词是否误用。3. 检查是否漏掉了连接词， 尤其是主语从句和同位语从句中的that。4. 检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。5. 检查主语从句与谓语的数是否一致。6. 检查主语从句后置时， 作形式主语的it是否出现。7. 检查有无if与whether的误用。二、 定语从句定语从句的改错主要涉及关系代词、 关系副词的运用以及定语从句中的主谓一致问题。1. 判断关系代词及关系副词的使用是否正确。2. 判断先行词

30、与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。3. 检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确， 尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。4. 检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。5. 检查有无漏掉作主语的关系代词的情况。6. 检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词使用是否正确。7. 检查定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外， 是否还有多余的代词或副词。三、 一致关系1. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。2. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。3. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。练 习1. My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri, a quie

31、t town which I would like to live myself.2. The United States is composed of fifty states; two of those are separated from the others by land or water.3. What far is it from here to the station?4. They want to know how they can do to help us.5. Whos gotall my money?I do.6. You smoke again! Why not t

32、o give it up?7. These photos will show you how our village looks like.8. Someone is at the door. Who is he?9. Those shirts are very expensive.Do you know how they cost?10. Who you think is the richest man in this town?I think Mr. Kim is.第十一节 倒装与省略1. 检查是否有该倒装而未倒装的情况。2. 检查是否有该省略而未省略的情况。练 习将下列各句改为倒装句，

33、并强调划线部分的语气。1.The defeated army ran away, leaving many wounded soldiers.2.We can know the past, but we only feel the future.3.The news impressed me so strongly that I could not utter a word for some time.4.Our eyes are opened only after we have made a mistake.5.I have often heard it said that he is n

34、ot trustworthy.6.His faithful dog sat by his side.7.We must in no case imagine that material comfort is the final goal of human happiness.8.I never expected that the man would turn up at the meeting.9. I found so many happy people nowhere else.10. he said good-bye to me and he drove off.第二章 短文改错综合练习

35、（1）Good afternoon, everyone!Welcome to the Cycling ClubThis is the ideal place for you to make more friend, to experience the excitement of discover, and to keep fitThe Cycling Club had a wide range of activities for membersWe have basic training once a week, that will be instructed by teachersIt wi

36、ll arranged during the time of after-class physical activitiesWe arrange an outdoor cycling trip at the weekends every monthAnd we will have some races with other teams if possiblyIf you are interesting in our club, you can either come to our club in Room 702, on the fourteenth floor, Building 5 and

37、 call us at 02585559955By the way, we have to get the equipment ready by yourself, but the charge is freeDont waitJoin us now! Thank you!（2）One day, I got a full mark in maths exam and only got 50 marks in the Chinese examOn my way home, I was in low spiritsWhen I arrived at home, my mother kissed m

38、e on the cheek as soon as she knew the result of maths and said she would bring me to have a nice meal in KFC as the praise Seen her so happy ，I quick took out of my Chinese exam paperBut quite contrary to her behavior just now, he slapped me on my face heavilyAt that moment, I couldnt help cryI und

39、erstood my mother cared much for my scores than me and I felt sadBut as matter of fact, I needed my mothers help when I have difficulty with my study rather than her slaps（3）There are various way to get relaxed for middle school studentsOne way is take exercise, walking, running, playing basketball

40、or football, etcWe can either watch TV, where we are able to enjoy varieties of colorful programs both in Chinese and English as well asMoreover, we can surf the Internet to get some relaxation and entertainmentAs for me, surfing the Internet appeal to me mostFor one thing, the Internet offered a wi

41、de range of activities for relaxationIn general, I keep track of the latest news as a enjoymentSometimes, I play computer games to refresh meFor another, the Internet makes it easy for me to make friends with people at home and at abroad, for it is a great joy to communicate with themIn addition, ha

42、ving a glimpse of the vivid pictures and living videos on the Internet contributes to regaining my energy（4）Dear Sophie,I am glad you will have the chance to get close look at my countryYou were more than welcome to stay in my home during your visit BeijingNow that you have two weeks here, that will

43、 be a good idea to take several activities through them you can get a taste of the local culturePay a visit to some famous cultural relics such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City or the Summer Place will help you picture our country with a long historyIn addition to, you may be interesting in hav

44、ing a look at our school and taking part in a Chinese Story Telling CompetitionIt, of course, will be beneficially to your understanding of Chinese language Yours sincerely, Zhangli（5）Dear Joe,Im glad to receive you letterIt is true to read successfully requires correct ways of readingHere is some s

45、uggestionsFirstly, choose books which are either too difficult nor too easy for you to readIf you find a book too difficult to go on with it, just put it aside for a moment and change a easier oneSecondly, read books that not only interest you but also benefit you, for reading was always just for fu

46、nThirdly, as to some books, you need to read them careful while as to others, you need to read it roughlyLastly, dont forget to take notes, make good use of dictionaries and ask questions whenever necessaryI wish you will succeed of reading（6）Chinese is one of the most ancient language in the worldI

47、t is also one of the official languages of United NationsNow that China is becoming stronger, Chinese is playing a much important part in international communicationSo if you can speak Chinese good, I am sure, you will make more friendsHere are some suggestionsFirst, that is important to take a Chin

48、ese course, as youll able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow studentsThen, it also helps to read books, newspapers and magazines on Chinese whenever possibleBesides, you should take more Chinese friendsThey would tell you a lot about China and help you learn the ChineseFinally,

49、it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songsTry and write to me in Chinese next time（7）Many students are now facing with problems like deciding whether to focus on science or artNot taking the childrens interest or preferences in account, some parents force their children to make the cho

50、ice as their will, that troubles many studentsThroughout our lives we are going to have to make much choicesAs students, we should talk to our parents or teachers especial on life-changing decisionsBut when it came down to it, were the ones who must live with their choicesOn the other hand, parents

51、should try to help their children make the best possible decisions, instead forcing them to do something that against their willIt depends on students themselves whether theyll be science students and arts studentsJust let their hearts show them the way（8）I had a dream for over a year to attend Clim

52、ate Change Conference in CopenhagenI have even reserved a hostel room a year for advanceI had worked very hard to arrange things, but was having trouble raise money for the tripI asked one of my MBA professor for help, but he apologized, because of not much money available right nowThen he asked me that if she could help me out with flight milesI thanked him