标准椭圆形封头的几何形状

1、标准椭圆形封头的几何形状、尺寸和质量（1）封头的几何形状形成这种封头的母线是由1/4椭圆线和一条平行于冋转轴的短直线光滑连 接而成，因而这种封头是出半个椭球和一个高度为h（）的圆柱形短节（称它为封 头的直边部分）构成。标准椭圆形封头的曲面深度hl与封头公称直径z比为1比4。直边高度按 封头的公称直径推荐两种尺寸：当封头公称直径dn小于、等于2000mm时，h（）=25mm；当封头公称直径dn大于2000mm时，ho=4omm。（2）封头儿何量与质量的计算公式椭圆形封头的儿何量与质量的计算公式与四个参数有关，即：长轴半径a, 短轴半径b,直边高度h（）和钢板厚度§ p，其计算式列于下表

2、表1椭圆形封头的几何量与质量的通用计算公式坯料直径久 2（制“4爲.v i + 一)64 ('i、4a-b+4 + b丿+ 2/s坯料质量go =dprxlo3内中或外表面积l7?歸 2b容积v = tui22,.3b + h°、/质量g = f3prlo3注：1.式中长度单位一-律用m,钢板密度单位为kg/m2.根据需要a、b可按封头内径，中径或外径取值。3.对于以内径为公称直径的标准椭圆形封头，其有关计算公式列下表2。根据表1所列公式，对于任何a、b值的椭圆形封头均可算出其有关各儿何 量及质量的数值。表2标准椭圆形封头的几何量与质量计算公式项目计算公式坯料直径do

3、3;)0 =1.211(0, +%)+2/?°坯料质量g（）go = 6.1651.211(0,. + %) + 2/zo2xlo3内表面积ftft容积vv=o.13o9d,2+o.785d/2/?o封头质量gg = &51(0 + 5 j + 24.7(d, + & )/z(x 心 10?注：1.以上各式均按a=0.5di,b=0.25 di,按表2通用计算公式导出。2.封头质量公式应按封头中血计算，表小g式曲面部分是按封头外表面计算的。对于以内径为公称直径的封头，其中的fi和v,可用a=0.5dj和b=0.25di, 代入表1中各式，但对do、go和g应以中面为基

4、础，为了计算公式简单，表2 中的do、go, g式均以外表面作为计算基础（直边部分除外），且作了不影响工 程上允许精确度的简化。对于以外径为公称直径的封头，表1中的f和v应该用a=0.5dh- 5 p和 b=0.25dh- 5 p代入，对于g应先算岀封头中面面积,这时a=0.5dh-0.5 5 p, b=0.25dh-0.5 5 po如果将上述值代入表2有关公式后，得到的计算公式较为繁 琐，所以不再给出。（3）数据表根据jb/t4746-2002钢制压力容器用封头的规定，以内径为基准的标 准椭圆形封头形式代号为eha,以外径为基准的椭圆形封头形式代号为ehb, 这两种封头的内表面积、容积和质量

5、分别列于表3、表4、表5中。表3 eha椭圆形封头内表面积、容积（jb/t47462002）公称直径dn/mm总深度h/mm内表面积a/m2容积v/m3序号公称直径dn/mm总深度h/mm内表面积a/m2容积v/m313001000.12110.00533429007659.48073.456723501130.16030.008035300079010.13293.817034001250.20490.011536310081510.80674.201544501380.25480.015937320084011.50214.611055001500.31030.02133833008651

6、2.21935.046365501630.37110.027739340089012.95815.508076001750.43470.035340350091513.71865.997286501880.50900.044241360094014.50086.514497002000.58610.054542370096515.30477.0605107502130.66860.066343380099016.13037.6364118002250.75660.0796443900101516.9775&2427128502380.84990.0946454000104017.846

7、48.8802139002500.94870.1113464100106518.73709.5498149502631.05290.1300474200109019.649310.25231510002751.16250.1505484300111520.583210.98831611003001.39800.1980494400114021.538911.75881712003251.65520.2545504500116522.516212.56441813003501.93400.3208514600119023.515213.40601914003752.23460.397752470

8、0121524.535914.28442015004002.55680.4860534800124025.578215.20032116004252.90070.5864544900126526.642216.15452217004503.26620.6999555000129027.728017.147923180()4753.65350.8270565100131528.835318.18112419005004.06240.9687575200134029.964419.25502520005254.49301.1257585300136531.115220.37042621005655

9、.04431.3508595400139032.287621.52812722005905.52291.5459605500141533.481722.72882823006156.02331.7588615600144034.697523.97332924006406.54531.9905625700146535.935025.26243025006657.08912.2417635800149037.194126.59693126006907.65452.5131645900151538.475027.97763227007158.24152.8055656000154039.777529

10、.40533328007408.85033198表4 eha椭圆形封头质量(jb/t47462002) /kg序号公称肖彳dn/mm封头名义壁厚8 ,/mm23456810121416182022242628303213001.92.83.84.85.87.823502.53.75.0637.610.334004.86.48.09.713.116.520.023.644505.97.910.012.016.220.424.829.255007.29.612.114.619.624.730.035.340.746.251.865508.611.514.417.423.429.535.741.94

11、8.354.861.4760010.113.517.020.427.534.641.849.256.764.271.9865011.715.719.723.831.940.248.557.065.674.483.2970013.518.122.727.336.646.155.765.475.385.295.31075015.420.625.831.141.752.563.474.485.696.810&31180023.329.235.147.159.371.583.996.5109.2122.0135.0148.2161.4174.9128502632.839.452.966.580

12、.294.110&1122.3136.6151.1165.8180.6195.51390029.236.544.058.974.189.3104.8120.4136.1152.0168.1184.4200.8217.31495032.340.548.865.382.199.0116133.3150.716&3186.0203.9222.0240.315100035.744.753.872.190.5109127.9146.9166.0185.3204.8224.5244.4264.416110053.764.686.510&6130.9153.3176.0198.922

13、1.9245.2268.6292.2316.1340364.317120063.576.4102.2128.3154.6181.1207.8234.7261.8289.1316.6344.4372.3400.542&918130089.2119.3149.71803211.1242.2273.4304.9336.7368.6400.8433.2465.9498.7191400102.9137.7172.7208.0243.5279.2315.2351.4387.9424.6461.549&7536.2573.8201500117.7157.4197.4237.627&1

14、318.9359.9401.1442.7484.4526.5568.8611.4654.2211600133.4178.4223.7269.2315.0361.1407.5454.1501.1548.3595.7643.5691.5739.8注：dn1700以上(至dn6000)的数据没有摘引。表5 ehb椭圆形封头内表面积、容积、质量序号公称直径dn/mm总高度h/mm名义厚度6 p/mm内表面积a/m2容积v/m3质量m/kg11596540.03610.00091.1623250.03510.00081.4342360.03420.00081.6988480.03240.00072.20

15、6652198050.06290.00202.5205660.06160.00192.9950780.05920.00183.915282739360.09300.00364.4653980.09000.00345.857710100.08710.00327.203511120.08420.0030&50351232510660.12920.005865291380.12560.0055&090814100.1222().00539.973515120.11880.005111.80181637711980.16710.008410.679517100.16310.008113

16、.188118120.15920.007815.633619140.15530.00751&01702042613280.21160.012013.444421100.20710.011616.624022120.20260.011219.732623140.19820.010822.7709(4)封头标记类型代号 封头公称直径x封头名义厚度一材料标准号。例如公称直径325mm名义厚度12mm、材质16mnr的以外径为基准的椭 圆形封头标记为：ehb 325x1216mnr jb/t4746碟形封头的几何形状、形式代号尺寸和质量(1) 封头的几何形状和尺寸参数碟形封头的母线由三段曲线光

17、滑连接而成：半径为rci的人圆弧线0亠a, 半径为r的小圆弧线ab和与回转轴线平行的短直线bco以这条oabc曲线为母线绕冋转轴转一圈所形成的曲面就是碟形封头的中面。因此碟形封头中央部 分是一个球面；球面的四周是一个半径为的环状壳体，称为封头的折边；与折 边相连的是一个圆柱形短节，称为封头的直边。在gb150有关碟形封头的介绍中(包括厚度计算公式)，其核心的儿何尺寸是球面半径rci,而折边半径r则以丛取不同的比值确定其大小，至于rci r取多大并未做硬性规定，过去通常取两种尺寸：rci=1.0di和rci=0.9di。在2002年颁布的钢制压力容器用封头(jb/t47462002)中，则选定

18、了対种尺寸的碟形封头：碟形封头 dha 是指 rci=1.0di、r=0.15 di、dn=d，相当于 gb150 中 m= 1.359 的碟形封头。碟形封头 dhb 是指 rci=l0di、r=010di、dn=di，楼 于 gb150 中 m=1.54 的碟形封头。对于dhb型封头，由于其球血半径取值最人，折边半径取值最小，所以这 种碟形封头是gb150中m值最大的碟形封头，其优点是封头的曲面深度小，但 承压能力较差，所以过去国内设计部门很少采用，对于过去推荐的ri=0.9di，ri=0.173 di（m=1.34）碟形封头,由于它的曲面深度h二0.25 d，与标准椭圆相同, 所以在新修订

19、的封头标准中取消了。封头标记方法与椭圆形封头相同。（2）封头的几何量和质量的计算公式碟形封头几何量和质量的计算公式汇总于表6,看此表时请参看图1。这张 表中所列的公式适用于具有各种参数的碟形封头。对于常用的dha型封头，可 以将卩=1.0, e =0.15代入便可得到列于表7屮的系列公式。表6碟形封头几何量和质量计算公式汇总（参看图1）球面半径rcrc = /lid (卩=1.0、0.9)内表面积fj/m2fi=fl+f2+f3,其中f|=2 n rch 式中 h=rc (1 - sin b )f2=2 n (arr2) b +2 兀 r2 sin bfs=兀 dho折边半径rr = 

20、3; z)( e =0.173、0.15、0.10)a0.5-e3 - arccosa龙qa =p2容积v/m3v=v|+v2+v3,其中v|=彳力2(3/?厂力)v2= (a2r+2r3 2ar) sin b +1 ? . 1 .一(ar2 r3) sin2 3 r323sin3 b + (ar) r3 b 71.v3= d2h04坏料直径dod()=2(rca + r/3 + h()坯料质量gog°二彳研射曲面高度hi1打=rc (1 - sin 0)+ ysin 0封头质量gkgg=fspx y(钢的 y=7.85x103kg/m3)注：1一般式f与v中的下标1、2、3分别表示

21、碟形封头的球而，折边与直边三个部分。2.特定式中d为内直径（省略了下标），为钢板厚度，d、h（）、叶单位均用m。表7 dha碟形封头（&i二di、=0.15di、h|=0.2254dj）几何量和质量的理论计算公式p=65° 41，=1.146 弧度容 积 m3直 边 高 度 ho25v=0.121d3+0.02d2aa=24° 19 =0. 425 弧度坯料直径d()=l93 (d+m)+2h()40v=0.121d5+0.0314d2坯料质量g()=6.165u94(d+ 各 p) +2h02 spx103内 表 1(11 积 m2直边 高 度 h（）25f=1.

22、065d2+0.0785d质:kkg直 边 高 度 h（）25g二&4 (d+6p) 2+0.62 (d+6p) 8px10340f=1.065d2+0.1257d40g=&4 (d+6p) 2+ (d+5p) spxlo3注：1上述公式中的d均为内直径（省略下标i）。2长度单位一律用m （直边高度除外）。（3）数据表dha与dhb碟形封头的有关几何量分别列于表8和表9。 碟形封头的质量需要时可按表6所给的公式计算。表8 dha碟形封头内表面积、容积序号公称直径dn/mm总深度h/mm内表面积a/m2容积v/m3序号公称直径dn/mm总深度h/mm内农而枳a/m2容积v/m31

23、300930.1194().00503429006949.31583.220923501040.15790.00763530007169.95633.556034001150.20170.010936310073910.61823.913544501260.25090.015037320076111.30134.294255001380.30540.020138330078412.00574.698865501490.36520.026139340080612.73145.128076001600.4303().033340350()82913.47845.582686501720.50070

24、.041641360085114.24676.063397001830.57650.051242370087415.03626.5708107501940.65760.062243380089715.84717.1058118002050.74400.074644390091916.67927.6691128502170.83580.088645400094217.53268.2614139002280.93280.104346410096418.40738.8834149502391.0352004347420098719.30339.5359151000250l14290140948430

25、0100920.220610.21961611002731.37430.1851494400103221.159210. 93511712002951.62690.2378504500105422.119011.68331813003181.90090.2995514600107723.100212.464919140034129610.3711524700109924.102613.28052015003632.51260.4533534800112225.126314.13092116003862.85050.5468544900114426.171315.01692217004083.2

26、0960.6524555000116727.237615.93922318004313.58990.7706565100119028.325216.89852419004533.99160.9024575200121229.434117.89552520004764.41461.0484585300123530.564218.93092621005134.95781.2613595400125731.71572o.(x)552722005365.42801.4429605500128032.888421.12012823005585.91961.6412615600130234.082422.

27、27522924005816.43241.8568625700132535.297823.47173025006046.96652.0906635800134736.534324.71043126006267.52192.3431645900137037.792225.99183227006498.09862.6152656(x)0139239.071427.31683328006718.69652.9076表9 dhb碟形封头内表面积.容积序号公称直径dn/mm总深度h/mm内表面积a/m2容积v/m3序号公称直径dn/mm总深度h/mm内农而枳a/m2容积v/m3130083011270.

28、00443429006028.69022.6779235093(114880.00663530006219.28692.9548340010308980.00953631006419.90333.250244501120.23580.013037320066010.53963.564655001220.28680.017338330067911.19573.898765501320.34270.022439340069911.87154.252976001410.40350.028440350()71812.56724.628086501510.46930.035541360073813.28265.024597001610.54010.043642370075714.01795.4430107501700.61580.052843380077614.77295.8841118001800.69640.063244390079615.54786.3484128501900.78200.07504