首字母填空解题思路探寻

1、首字母填空解题思路探寻名 词动词时 态和语 态形容词副 词代词连词琏接词介词感叹词情态动词02 (6 )vv vjvv03 (7 )jvv vvvj04 (7 )jvj vvvj05 (7 )jvjjvvj06(16 )jvv jvvjj从统计表中不难看出，考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几 大词类。二、首字母填空阶梯训练法不少同学经过长期艰苦的努力，可能仍达不到理想的训练效果，为了帮助 同学们解决燃眉z急，在平时的教学屮我采用了下面的“台阶式”教学法，而且 经过试验，我发现这确实是比较有效的方法之一，对提高学生的解题能力很有帮 助。具体做法如下：stepl：掌握七种句子成分与十种词

2、性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分 类练习，掌握该石子:成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。(1) 对主语的判断1. are helpful to students. ( teach )2. is more important to me than money. ( healthy )3. some famous are going to give lectures in our universityin august. ( science)4. is my favorite sport. ( fish )5. stamps is my hobby. ( collect )key

3、: 1. teachers 2. hea 1th 3. scientists 4. fishing 5.collecting分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性 主要为名词与代词(1-3)；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词 或动名词(45)。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。例如：the rich are not always happy.句中the rich指"有钱人”,因此可以作主语。what i wanted was just your help.句屮 what i wanted 是一个带有连词 what 的句子，因此也

4、可以作主语。(2) 对谓语的判断john was standing on the step of a house. an old woman coverto him. umy boy, she a, ts your father at home? "yes,” ajohn. the woman bringing the bell. she rang and rang, but therewas no answer. at last she tback to john and sangrily, “didn，t you s that your father was at home?”

5、"i did” , answered john,"but this i my house. ”key: came askedanswcrcdbcgan turned said say isn' t分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能 是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词 时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练 掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。平吋练习和周练中，我经常让学 生做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。(3) 对宾语的判断1. mr.

6、 chen was surprised to see the fastin shanghai afterhis long absence from the city. ( develop )2. the front is in great need of medical . ( work )3. thank you for your ( kind )4. at last he sold his . ( invent )key: 1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention(s)分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性

7、同和 主语的词性一样，单是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。(4) 对表语的判断1. it isfor an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)2. the sick man is getting . ( ill )3. patrick is going to be a(n) when he grows up. (engine)4. such cold weather is quite in june and people have to wearwarm clothes again. ( usually )5. it，s ato hav

8、e a picnic with all the members, (please )key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual5.pleasure分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词，介词短语。 如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成to do , doing或done的形式。(5) 对定语的判断1. theexams usually take place at the end of june. ( finally)2. on a nighyou can sec thousands of stars in the s

9、ky.(clearly)3. in weather, the old had better stay at home, (freeze )4. the french artist said, “it is mytime to visit shanghai.t lovethis city so much. ( one )5. most people don" t like food. ( freeze )6. who is yourteacher? ( chemical )key: (1) final (2) clear (3) freezing (4) first (5) froze

10、n (6) chemi stry分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为 主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如:stamp show / physics teacher<> 如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成to do , doing或done的形式。(6) 对状语的判断1. the old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel passto hongkong so (easy)2. watch , and you will find the difference bet

11、ween the twopic tu res.(care )3. after flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopterlandedat last. ( safe )key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件 和伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语， 动词必须改成to do , doing或done的形式。(7) 对连词的判断1. work harder,youtl make gre

12、at progress in english.2. my job is to protect the innocentfind the guilty.3. youhe can go to the cinema, but you cannot gotogether because i have only one ticket.4. can you tell meyou are from?5. fll give you a calli get to japan.key: (l)and (2) as well as (3) either-or (4) where (5) as soon as 分析：

13、在英语中，并列连词and, but, or, so , not onlybut also, ei ther or, neithernor, as wel 1 as, bothand 等连接并列的词，词组 和句子；而从属连词则连接主句与从句。step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用 所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性 转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。exercise : guess the missing word.1. are helpful to stud

14、ents.2. are helpful to students. they give them knowledge.3. are helpful to students. in class they teach them knowledgeemd afterclass they care for them like parents.4. are helpful to students. they keep them healthy.分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案，1-4均为teachers,全部解完 后再思考，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有teacherso按判断主语的结论，凡名词, 只要合乎

15、逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现books也可，继而得岀结论：“一切有益丁学生的复数名词均为正确答案，如：exercises、doctors、police、 parento第二题受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，如:teachers> books,第三题限制更多,从“care for判断主语只能是人，bp： teachers<>第 四题受heal thy的限制，最好填doctors / nurses。以上练习说明解完形填空需要如下技能：1.对所缺词的句子成分必须作出 精确判断，然后填入正确的词性，即必须熟练掌握句子成分与词性的对应关系。2. 必须训练自己扩散

16、性思维能力，如同猜谜，因为词义的确定依靠着对句中限 制性信息的判断得出。3.良好的语法基木功。在确定完词性与词义后，名词单 复数、形容词的比较等级和动词吋态的确定等等建立在良好的语法基本功之上。step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段mr. wu is get ting old he is 1the school soon. the sin his class have given ha lot of p. among tare cards,note-books, photos and books. most of the cards are mby the student

17、sthemselves.photos will hmr. wu remember the happy twhen he waswith his students. next week, twill have a p to sgoodbye to him.分析：通读短文以后发现mr. wu是一位老师。从old可推断他不久要退休 了，所以t”应为谓语动词leaving ;"s”是第三句的主语，结合have判 断为students; "h”是give的宾语，判断为him ; “p”的内容是cards, note-books-,所以判断为名词presents; “t”是介词amon

18、g的宾语，应为them ; “m”处于be done by的结构中，应为过去分词made; "h”位于情态动词will之后，应为动词原形help;"t”是remember的宾语，并且受到happy的修饰应为time；“t”是主语，名词或代词teachers / they;“pz77"是have的宾语，前面有冠词，所以是名词party； “s”前有to,分析成分为目的状语to do即to say。step5：熟能生巧阶段。要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系 统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。自己动手试试下面的练习：(1)often, doctors te

19、ll some people to go on diets(节食).the doctors hope the diets will make the people feel b they hope the diets will make the peoplehealth y.alana was on a diet, but she didn't like it at all. she was not atoeat her favorite food by the doctor. while her brother frank ate chocolate, she had to eat

20、an apple. alana was on the diet for two months. her doctor was pwith her. "you have been very good, he said. “you can eat some ofthe foods you like best. but only a little. don't eat too many sweets. don't eat too much ice cream. if you do, you will get a lot of weight athen the doctor

21、put frank on a diet. it was a different kind of diet. "youceat chicken or eggs, frank,said the doctor. "these foods will makeyou in t“how long will i have to be on the diet?95 asked frank."a long time,' said the doctor. "maybe for the rof your life?9"but i really like ch

22、icken,” said frank. “you said it is one of the best meats to eat."tt is a very good food for most peopled said the doctor. "but when you eat it, it makes you sick. it is not a good food for you：“you're right,said frank. "well, fll eat more cake ikey： better; allowed; pleased; agai

23、n; cannot/cant; trouble; restbob and jim oworked in the same factory. one day, bob 1jim ten dollars, but then jim left his work wgiving back the money.bob didnt see jim for a year. then he 1from a friend that jim wasin another town those days and sat a hotel. so he went there to see himlate in the e

24、vening.when he gto jims room, he saw his shoes near the door. "well, hemust be in the room j he thought, and knocked at the door. there was no a he knocked again and said, "i know you are in, jim. your shoes areout here?5'tve gone out in my boots(靴子广 ajim.key: once; lent; without; lear

25、ned; stayed; got; answer; answered三、常用解题步骤和技巧以下是经过试验归纳总结岀来的一些解题步骤和技巧，相信对许多老师指导 学牛解题方法有所帮助：(1) 通读全文完型填空所填的单词要使各句句子意思完整，上下文相互衔接，因此， 在落笔作提前一定要先通读全文，基本把握语篇的大意。(2) 根据词组的搭配考虑有些空格与固定搭配或词组表达法有关，要充分利用自己平时所积累的 词组搭配来考虑填什么词。(3) 运用语法知识剖析结构，判断所需的词是什么词类。如，修饰名词一般用形容词；修 饰动词一般用副词。名词前常会有冠词、代词；动词前可能有情态动词、助 动词等。如果是两个分句，

26、就得看两句之间的关系。若两句中的一句从属于 另一句，就得用从属连词；若是并列关系，则用并列连词，然后根据意义考 虑是时间、地点、原因还是方式，是转折还是因果关系，來决定用什么连词。 另外，在根据文中意义决定了所填的词之后，还要注意使用它的正确形式。 女u,名词要注意单、复数；人称代词要注意主格、宾格或所有格；冬刺要注 意时态、语态或非谓语形式；形容词、副词要注意比较级和最高级等。(4) 根据全文的整体意义判断根据全文的整体意义，上下文隐含的涵义，作者的情感、立场等各方面 的知识、文章所处的文化氛围等解题时更重要的方法，也是完型填空题的难 点所在。(5) 学会在头脑中构建画面，利用想象，进行整体

27、判断。四、注意事项（1）做完型填空题必须注意不要急于填词，不要孤立地从一个单句去确定所 填的词，因为有时填入的词从脱离语境的单句来看似乎是正确的，但从上下文来 看是不符合逻辑的。（2）完型填空不是按照先易后难的顺序设空，因此答题遇到不会做或者答案难以确定时，不必着急，不妨继续答题，待吃透全文后，再回过头作判 断。（3）填完所缺的词，将全文在朗读儿遍，从文章的意义和语法的角度再次审查全文是否通顺正确。（4）要做好完型填空题，首先要积累语言材料，也就是说平吋要背诵一定数量的文章，以增强语感。要多积累一些词汇，并了解他们的意义和用法。 要扎实掌握学过的词法、句法，学会进行语法分析，同时要增强各方面

28、的知识，还要增强思维能力，培养逻辑推理能力，要能分析、归纳、抓 住要点、想象等。总之，这是一个综合能力的考核。“动词填空”题的命题特点何为“动词的适当形式”呢？就单个行为动词來说，它涉及到动词的时态、 主谓一致（通常有什么样的主语形式并决定了什么样的谓语动词形式即动词的单 复数形式与人称的变化）、非谓语动词（如doing或to do形式）、常用句型和 习惯表达（即英语中约定俗成的表达）等。它主要考查内容如下：1. 动词的谓语形式：动词吋态（如一般现在吋、现在进行吋等，其中涉及到 原形动词、动词的人称及数的变化，特别是“三单形式”、动词的“bc + v-ing” 形式等。）2. 动词的非谓语形式

29、：不定式（如do / to do） x v-ing等。3. 动词的其他类转化形式：动词名词（如work-*worker； build-bu订d- ing） > 动词形容词（女n worry-*worried； break*broken）等。二、“动词填空”题的解题秘诀“动词填空”题的解题秘诀可归纳为：首先，确定动词的考查类别：谓语形 式、非谓语形式还是动词的其他类转化形式；其次，依据所考查的类别，选择动 词的适当形式；最后，检查所填写的动词时态结构、非谓语形式是否正确，以及 与其他词类的转化形式的拼写是否有误，是否符合题意要求等。为方便记忆，现 将此解题秘诀归纳为口诀：动词填空不用愁，解

30、题秘诀有三招：第一招，定类别；第二招，选形式；第三招，再检查。现就动词填空题举例说明：1. you can (find) your new bike under the big tree 2. his parents (be) english teachers.3. -what your father (do)?-he，s a driver.4. (come) in and(sit) down, please5. han mcimei(have) a new watch.6. (not fly) the kite like that7. “i ”(be) a letter and a word

31、, but “i”(be) onlya lettle8. tom is good at (swim)9. let me (help) me, tom10. 1 want (have) a look at your photo11. uncle wang drives a bus. he is a good （drive）.【秘诀点拨】根据解题秘诀，“第一招，定类别”：由动词填空题的命题特 点，可判断前7道题考查谓语动词；8题至10题考查非谓语动词；11题考查动 词与其他词类的转化形式。再根据解题秘诀“第二招，选形式”:题1所要填的 动词处于谓语位置，其前是情态动词can,故填原形动词find即可。题2的主 语“parents”是复数形式，故谓语要填be的复数形式areo题3为一特殊疑 问句，谓语动词do应借助助动词“does”来构成疑问句，故答案是does；