人教新课标必修五_Unit1_Great_Scientists[全单元课件]

1、Unit 1 Great ScientistsWho is he? What is his achievement? A great scientist Father of Hybrid Rice The man who puts an end to hunger 1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as th

2、e environment changed?3. Who invented the first steam engine?4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?5. Who discovered radium?Quiz Archimedes Ancient Greek (287-212BC) He was a mathematician(数学家). He found that if you put an object into water,

3、the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.Charles Darwin Britain (1808-1882) The Origin of SpeciesThomas NewcomenHe made a significant contribution tothe Industrial Revolution with his invention of theStea

4、m engine. 汤玛斯纽科门（Thomas Newcomen，1664年年2月月24日日1729年年8月5日）是一位英国）是一位英国工程师和和发明家，出生在，出生在德文郡，曾，曾经发明过经发明过纽科门蒸气引擎，后来蒸气引擎，后来被运用在被运用在矿区与与油田，节省大量，节省大量的人力。的人力。Gregor Mendel(G.J.孟德尔 )Czech (1822-1884)The father of genetics Marie Curie Polish and French (1867-1934)6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to

5、 everybody in large cities?7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?10.Who put forward a theory about black holes? Thomas

6、Edison American (1847-1931)Leonardo da Vinci Italian (1452-1519) Major works: Virgin of the Rocks The Last Supper Mona LisaSir Humphry Davy British (1778-1829)Zhang Heng Chinese (78-139)Stephen Hawking British (1942-) Theoretical Physicist A Brief History of Time John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Pre-

7、reading:Make a prediction about what this text will be about according to the title.John Snow British ( 1813 1858) a legendary(传说中的) figure in the history of public health, 霍乱霍乱(cholera)，早期译作虎烈拉，是由霍乱弧菌所致的烈性肠道传染病(infectious disease) ，解放后我国已消灭本病。霍乱为我国法定的甲级烈性传染病，要求在发现确诊或疑似病例后2小时内上报Think about other inf

8、ectious diseases you have known? Extensive Reading1.The main idea of the text2.Read the whole text and finish exercise 1 in page 3 John Snow defeated “King Cholera” with the help of scientific researchScientific ResearchBasic steps of scientific research1. Find a problem2. Make a question3. Think of

9、 a method4. Collect results5. Analyse result6. Find supporting evidence7. Draw a conclusionWhy these steps are necessary for scientific research?Careful ReadingFinish the chart 1. Find a problem2. Make a question3. Think of a method4. Collect results5. Analyse result6. Find supporting evidence7. Dra

10、w a conclusion -What causes cholera? -Which theory is correct? -Gather information when another outbreak hit London in 1854 -Make a map to find out where people died or did not died -Look into the source of water and analyse the water - Find supporting evidence from two other deaths -The polluted wa

11、ter carried the virus Solution1. Remove the handle from the pump2. The source of all the water be examined3.Water companies were instructed not to exposed people to polluted water anymore. Exercise Filling the blanks with useful words and expressions in the text John Snow was a very expert doctor in

12、 London. He thought about ordinary people_ cholera. There were two theories he became interested in. One is that cholera_in the air, the other is that people _ this disease into their bodies with their meals. John Snow_ that the second theory was correct, and he determined to find out why. First, he

13、 marked on a map which gave him a valuable clue that many of the deaths were near the_ in Broad street. It seemed that the water_. Next, John Snow_the source of the water and found that it came from the river_by the dirty water from London. After that , he found_from two deaths. Then he was able to

14、_with certainty that_ carried the virus. exposed tomultipliedabsorbedsuspectedwater pumpwas to blamelooked intopollutedannouncethe waterextra evidenceOpen Question1. After reading the whole text, what do you think about John Snow?2. Can you name some other scientists nowadays like John Snow?3. What

15、do you think they have in common?Language Points 1.attend vt & vi tend to be present at an event(出席；参加) to take care of sb/sth(照顾；看护) attend on/to sb/sth attend to sb/sth n. attendance出席，参加 attendant 服务员，侍者 attender参加者2.expose ikspuz to show sth that is usually hidden(暴露) to put sb/sth in a dang

16、erous situation（使暴露在危险之下） expose sb/sth to sth 使接触，使体验 The meeting was attended by 90% of the shareholders(股东).I have some urgent bussiness to attend to .He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazing whith teath.People exposed to SARS should be seperatedWe should expose ourselves to much art and cul

17、ture.Attend now to what I tell you 3.absorb vt. bz:b to take in (吸收液体、气体等) interest sb(使全神贯注) 词组：be absorbed in被吸引，入迷4.suspect vt. sspekt /n. s spect to have an idea that sth is probably true (疑 有，觉得) to not trust sth(怀疑，感觉有问题，不信任) 嫌疑犯 a murder suspectPlants absorb oxygen.This work had absorbed him

18、for many years.John Snow suspected that the second theory was true.I suspected her motives(动机) in offering to help.6.announcenauns vt to tell people sth officially (发表、告知、宣布) 宣布某人的到来 显示；预告 5.severe adj. sivi extremely bad or serious（非常严重的）not kind （严厉的；严格的） adv. severelyA severe earthquake hit Wench

19、uan last year.I think you are too severe on the boy.The government announced its new economicHis servant announced Mr and Mrs White.Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.cure: vt./n.to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness(治愈) cure sb of sthto make an illness go away(治好) a

20、 medicine or medical treatment that cures an illness(药，药物) cure for sth Exercise: Finish exercise 1 and 2 in page 4 in your text book.Instruct: vt instruct sb to do sth to tell sb to do sth, esp. in a formal or official wayn. instructionWill you be able to cure him, doctor?Cholera, a serious disease

21、 caused many deaths in the past, can be cured nowadays.The cure for this disease hasnt been found yet.You will be instructed where to go as soon as the plane is ready.1. put forward 提出 2. draw a conclusion 得出结论 3. be/get under control 在控制下 be/get out of control失去控制，不能操纵 4. be absorbed in 专心 5. be to

22、 blame 应该受责备（用主动形式表示被动） blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 6. in addition 也，另外，此外 7. link.to. 将和连接或联系起来 8. die of 因而死亡（内因） die from 因而死亡（外因） 1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确太负盛名了，所以维多利亚女皇生孩子时

23、都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助患病的普通老百姓，特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时，他就感到很振奋。3. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。4. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，疫情是无

24、法控制的。5. He became interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.霍乱之所以能致人于死，当时有两种看法，斯诺对这两种推测都很感兴趣。6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。7. He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was corr

25、ect.他相信第二种说法，但是需要证明他是正确的。8. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。9. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.约翰斯诺马上叫街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。句子翻译练习句子翻译练习8.被污染的水导致许多人死于霍乱。9.感染SARS病毒的人被隔离起来。（exposet

26、o）10.一座大桥连接着深圳和香港(linkto)11.政府应该为错误的经济政策而受到谴责（be to blame）12.只有拆掉水泵的把手才能缓解疫情（Only whencan）13.哥白尼的理论正是我们的宇宙观建立的基础(on the basis of ).14.被怀疑的那个人决心找出真正的罪犯（criminal）.(be determined to)15.老师建议我们在上课之前先预习课文（suggest） language pointsthe way of doing sth.= the way to do “做做.的方法的方法”She showed us the way of clea

27、ning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法她给我们示范清洗它的办法. 与与way相关的短语相关的短语: by the way 顺便说顺便说 by way of 通过通过的方法的方法 lose ones way 迷路迷路 no way (俚语俚语) 没门没门,别想别想 feel ones way 摸黑走摸黑走,谨慎从事谨慎从事 on ones way to在去在去的路上的路上 in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法用这种方法 Who put forward a theor

28、y about black holes? 谁提出了谁提出了“黑洞黑洞”的理论？的理论？ He puts forward several interesting plans. 他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。 Its an explanation often put forward by our friend. 这是我们的朋友经常提出的解释。这是我们的朋友经常提出的解释。 put forward提出；建议；推荐提出；建议；推荐put 相关短语相关短语 putinto practice 把付诸实施 put aside 不理睬，忘记 put away 积蓄，攒钱 put

29、back 将放回；施延，向后拔 put down 镇压；写下；记下 put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演；增加（体重） put up 建立建立;建造建造 put up with 忍受忍受 examine 1)检查检查,审查审查,研讨研讨; 2)考试考试,考核考核 3)盘问盘问 They examined our passports very carefully. The Congress examined and approved the draft budget. He examined the boys in English. He was examined by the pol

30、ice. examination/exam n. 考试考试1）conclusion作名词，意为作名词，意为“结束，结论结束，结论” form ones conclusion 得出自己的结论得出自己的结论make/draw a conclusion 得出结论得出结论come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论得出结论bring.to a conclusion 结束结束(完成完成)in conclusion 最后最后 It is premature to make that conclusion. 作出那种结论仍为时过早。作出那种结论仍为时过早。 I will

31、 in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 最后，我对我的东京之行说几句最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。2）conclude作动词，作动词，“结束；断定；决结束；断定；决定定”。 to conclude（作插入语）最后（作插入语）最后,作为总结作为总结 (= to sum up) To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. analyse (analyze) v分析，分解分析，分解analysis n make an analysis of 分析分析

32、(=analyse sth) attend v. 出席；参加；照顾；护理出席；参加；照顾；护理 attend sb. 照料、护理某人 attend sth. 参加（讲座、活动等） attend class/ a lecture/ a meeting attendance nexpose v.1)expose .to. 把把暴露于暴露于之下之下（之中）（之中） He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮他把皮肤暴露在阳光下肤暴露在阳光下.be exposed to(暴露暴露) 2)揭露揭露;揭发揭发He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋他揭穿了

33、他们的阴谋.I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要我威胁要(向警察向警察)揭发揭发他他. cure n.& v.治愈；痊愈治愈；治愈；痊愈治愈；治疗治疗可构成cure sb.of sth. 句型 control vt. 统治，控制 control the fire控制火势 control ones feeling控制情感 control the price控制物价 control oneself控制自我 2）n.控制，统治，掌握控制，统治，掌握 in control of 控制着 in (under) the control o

34、f 被控制着 lose control(=be/got out of control)失控 beyond control未被控制住 The driver _his car and it knocked into a tree. 司机对车失去控制，车撞到树上。司机对车失去控制，车撞到树上。 The car was _and ran into a wall.车失去控制，撞到了墙上。车失去控制，撞到了墙上。 Mr Brown is _the shop./The shop is _Mr Brown. 布朗先生管理这家商店。布朗先生管理这家商店。 The money is _Mr Brown.钱财由布朗

35、先生掌管。钱财由布朗先生掌管。lost control ofout of controlin control ofin the control ofunder the control of absorb vt. 吸收吸收(光，气体，知识光，气体，知识等等)；吸引；吸引 Black cloth absorbs light. 黑布吸收光线。黑布吸收光线。 固定搭配：固定搭配： be absorbed in =put ones heart into专注；专注；聚精会神聚精会神 The old man was completely absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书。老

36、人全神贯注地读这本书。 o.吸收吸收blame v.责备；指责，归咎于责备；指责，归咎于 blame sb for sth/doing sth 因某事因某事 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth) 应（为应（为.）承担责任，）承担责任，该（为该（为.）受责备）受责备 accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某对某事负责任事负责任 put/lay the blame (for sth) on sb 将某事将某事归咎于某人归咎于某人 look into调查，了解，研究；朝调查，

37、了解，研究；朝里里面看面看 He looks into her face with great interest. 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。 【考点聚焦】【考点聚焦】 与与ones face/eyes等连用，表等连用，表示示“注视注视” 和和look组成的其他短语组成的其他短语 look around/round/about环顾四周look after照顾；照料 look back回头看look back to/upon/on 回顾；回想 look down upon 俯视；轻视look for 寻求；寻找 look forward to (doing) 盼望loo

38、k on旁观 look on/upon.as把看作look out往外看；注意；当心 look through透过看；浏览look up抬头看；查看 slow down 放慢速度放慢速度,减速减速speed up 加快速度加快速度 in addition (to)此外；还此外；还 We saw a Mickey Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie. 我们除了看西部牛仔片之外还看了一个米老鼠动画片。 【考点聚焦考点聚焦】 在写作文时，此结构在罗列平行观点时，类似于：whats more；moreover。 link.to.把把与与连接；把连

39、接；把.跟跟.联系起来联系起来 Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime. 指纹印把嫌疑犯与所犯罪行联系在一起。指纹印把嫌疑犯与所犯罪行联系在一起。 be linked to 【考点聚焦考点聚焦】 同义词组：connect.with.与有联系 have something to do with.与有关系 announce vt. 1）to make known publicly 发表，告知，宣布 The news was announced to the public on TV. 这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。 2）（事情）显示）（事情）显示；预

40、示；预示 The bright flowers announced that spring was here. 鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。 announcer n. 广播员，节目主持人 announcement n. 公告，布告，通告 announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布/宣告某事 announce that-clause 宣布 instruct sb(not) to do 吩咐/指导/命令某人(不)做某事 be instructed to do sth instruction n 说明,须知,指令 instructor n 教练, 讲师 He instructed me t

41、o deliver it to a customer. 他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。 Those boys were instructed to wait there. 那些男孩被通知在那等。那些男孩被通知在那等。 contribute v. 贡献贡献，捐助，捐，捐助，捐献献；投稿；投稿 It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum.她很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。 She asked him to contribute an article on European affairs.她约他写一篇有关欧洲情况的文稿

42、。 contribute sth to sb/sth 捐款，捐助捐款，捐助We _the poor 我们捐赠衣物救济贫民。 He contributed poems to the magazine 他投诗稿给杂志。contributed clothing tocontribute to ：为：为作出贡献作出贡献,为为撰撰稿稿,向向投稿投稿,捐助捐助,有助于有助于,促进促进Many people had cheerfully contributed to the Red Cross. 许多人都欣然向红十字会捐款。 His carelessness contributed to the accid

43、ent. 他的粗心大意是造成这次事故的原因之一。 Drink contributed to his ruin. 饮酒促成他的毁灭。 contribution n.贡献；捐献（物）贡献；捐献（物） besides, except和和apart from用法之异同用法之异同1besides意为“除除以外以外(还包括还包括)” Besides John, we also went there. 除了约翰外，我们也去了那里。 Who else heard of it besides you? 除了你外还有谁听说过此事。2except意为“除除以外以外(不包括不包括)” He cleaned all t

44、he rooms except the bathroom.除了洗澡间，他把所有的房间都清扫了。 I looked everywhere except here. 除了这里外，我找遍了所有地方。 3apart from有两种含义：有两种含义：1）相当于）相当于besides.意为意为“除除以外（还包括）以外（还包括）” Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well. 除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。 He has no other interests, apart from his work. 除了工

45、作外，他别无其他兴趣。2）相当于）相当于except.意为意为“除除以外（不包括）以外（不包括）” I like all the subjects apart from English. 除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。 They all went to see the movie except him. 除了他外，他们都去看电影了。lead to通向通向 All roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马。 Can this way _?这条路能到邮局吗?lead to the post office导致，引起导致，引起 _disastrous consequences.这样一个错误可

46、能导致灾难性的后果。Such a mistake would perhaps lead to make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通有意义，有道理，讲得通 He doesnt talk much, but what he says makes sense. 他话不多他话不多,但言之有理。但言之有理。 make sense of sth.理解理解.弄懂弄懂(不易理解的事物不易理解的事物)Can you _at all?你究竟能不能理解这篇文章的意思你究竟能不能理解这篇文章的意思?make any sense of this this articlemake no sense无意义，行不通无

47、意义，行不通 Your explanation doesnt make sense/make no sense.你的解释是没道理的你的解释是没道理的 completely adv. 彻底地彻底地,完全地完全地completion n. 完成完成,结束结束complete(1) adj. 完全的完全的,彻底的彻底的The police were in complete control of the situation.(2) vt.完成完成,结束结束The building took two years to complete. The new laboratory building_.will

48、 be completed next Friday enthusiastic adj. be enthusiastic about sth. /doing sth. 热衷于，对热衷于，对充满热情充满热情He became enthusiastic about classical music. 他变成了一个古典音乐迷。他变成了一个古典音乐迷。 enthusiasm n. 热情热情,热心热心enthusiasm for sth. / for doing sth. He has a great enthusiasm for personal computers. 他热衷于个人电脑。cautious

49、adj. 小心的小心的,警慎的警慎的 be cautious about/of sb/sth 对对.小心，谨慎小心，谨慎You should be cautious of the strangers. 你应该小心提防陌生人。你应该小心提防陌生人。 caution n. 小心小心,警慎警慎 with caution 留心，小心地留心，小心地 对待疾病要小心对待疾病要小心.Disease should_. be treated with cautionPast paticiple单个单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词词或代词前面前面过去分词作定语t

50、he affected people受感染的人 b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。定语从句。People exposed to cholerathe book recommended by Jackthe machines produced last year= people who was exposed to cholera= the book which was recommended by Jack= the machines which were produced last year过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作在谓语

51、所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。 过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：（快要淹死的人快要淹死的人已经淹死的人已经淹死的人正在飘落的树叶正在飘落的树叶落叶落叶退休工人退休工人逃犯逃犯1.Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree?2. The woman _(sell) vegetables has gone.3.The wheat is watered by water _(bring) from a pond.4. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.Atte

52、ntion：过去分词修饰：过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.Isthereanythingunsolved? ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.3 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(done)与与现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示都可

53、以表示“被动被动”，但前者多，但前者多表示一个表示一个完成了的动作完成了的动作，而后者则，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being discussed II. 过去分词做表语（过去分词做表语（predicative）1 过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj., 说明的是主语的状态说明的是主语的状态All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written.He appeared more satisfied with my work.：2 过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别ing作表语与-ed作表语有何区别？The story is very interesting He is interested in the book.What a surprising result !I am surprised at what he said 注意注意 过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的