BookUnitGrammar动名词作表语定语宾语补足语

1、Book 4 Unit 3 Grammar动词-ing作表语、定语、宾语补足语一、 动词-ing作表语动词-ing作表语，一般表示比较抽象的、习惯性的、经常性的动作，或表示主语的性质、特征和状态。Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。The film is quite moving. 这电影很感人。常用来作表语的动词-ing有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, i

2、nspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。二、 动词-ing作定语1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：drinking water 饮用水 a walking stick 手杖a reading room 阅览室 a writing desk 写字台2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived i

3、n a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teache

4、r, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。三、 动词-ing作宾语补足语1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：When we returned to

5、the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。We found the snake eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。2. 当主动句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the res

6、ult very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.这个结果很令人满意。They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。We mustnt keep them waiting. = They mustnt be kept waiting. 千万不能让他们等。3. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell,

7、find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning?As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, se

8、t, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again. 4. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：1）前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:We passed by the classmates and

9、saw the teacher making the experiment.我们走过教室，看见老师正在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）2）如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：We heard the door slam. (一次动作) We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)1. Dont leave the

10、water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door.A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait3. The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile4. A phone call sent him _ to

11、 the hospital.A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurryD. hurried5. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay . lain C. laying D. lying 6. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired7. The drunken husband knock

12、ed against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep8. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _.A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; sh

13、ut D. on; shutting9. As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels.A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired10. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave1

14、1. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _on the ground.A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain12. Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding.A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading13. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. A. covering    B.

15、 covered          C. cover              D. to cover14. Dont respond to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look.A. searching     B. asking 

16、60;       C. requesting        D. questioning15. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 16. I smell something _ in the ki

17、tchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt17. Though I have often heard this song _, I have never heard you _ it.A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing18. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.A. to burn B

18、. burn C. burning D. burned19. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be puttingC. to putD. putting20. Did you meet anyone _ at the party?No, in fact, I found the party rather _.A. interesting; boring B. interested; boringC. interesting; bored D. in

19、terested; bored21. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing22. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run23. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. mi

20、ssing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked25. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. putB. to be putting C. to put D. putting26. The manager,

21、_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has madeB. having made C. made D. making27. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled28. Peter received a let

22、ter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. say C. saying D. to say29. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 30. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; inte

23、rest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest1. Not (know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2. Look out for cars when (cross) the street.3. He dived into the water, (leave) only his face exposed.4. (take) a deep breath, they dived into the wat

24、er.5. (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.6. Not (see) the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.7. The man (work) for extra hours got an extra pay.8. (knock) at the door before entering, please.9. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students (study) Chinese in th

25、e school, most of whom were from Germany.10. The question (discuss) at present has something important to do with our daily life.1. Tell Mary that theres someone A for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait2. The A waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. sm

26、iled C. smile D. to smile3. On festivals, the traffic police worked hard to keep the traffic B smoothly. A. run B. running C. to run D. being run4. Do you know the boy D under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 5. I can hardly imagine Peter C across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. s

27、ail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 6. There are lots of places of interest D in our city.  A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired7. There were some boys D near the window, so I couldnt fall asleep. A. to shout B. shouted C. shout D. shoutin

28、g 8. As is known to us all, traveling is A , but we often feel _ when we are back from travels.A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired9. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English C much A. speak B. speaking C. spoke D. to spea

29、k10. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it C on the ground.  A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain11. Johns bad habit is D without thorough understanding.  A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading12. The next morning she found the man A in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying13. People D in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living14. When he awoke, he found himself C by an old woman.A. looked after B. be looked after C. being looke