英美国家概况介绍(英文ppt)课件

1、Chapter OneGeography, People and Language ContentsGeographyIPeopleIIThe English LanguageIIII Geography1. Geographical Feature2. Climate3. Major CitiesMap of the UKRead the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel (The Channel Tunnel )The Republic of IrelandGeographyThe offic

2、ial title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UK is made up of:Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) Northern IrelandNumerous smaller islandsTitle and Make up of the UKLocation and territoryLocation of the UK: The mainland areas lie

3、 between latitudes 49N and 61N andlongitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory: 242,910 square kilometersInteresting Fact: No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.TopographyNorthern Ireland: Its mostly hilly. Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous than North and

4、 Mid Wales. Scotland: Its geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west. England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west. Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in UKRivers and Lakes The lo

5、ngest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long) The second longest river: Thames (332 kilometers long) The largest Lake: Lough NeaghThamesLake DistrictLake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw

6、 a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dan

7、ce.Lake poetsThe waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inwa

8、rd eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.2. ClimateMain characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features: Winter fog Rainy daysInstability/changeability 3. Major Cities LondonThe River

9、Thames the capital of England and of Great Britain the political center of the Commonwealth a major port one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers. Landmarks & Symbols of London The palace of WestminsterLandmarks & Symbols of LondonWestminster AbbeyBig BenLandmarks & Symbols of LondonS

10、t. Pauls Cathedral Landmarks & Symbols of LondonHyde ParkTower of LondonLandmarks & Symbols of LondonTower Bridge Buckingham PalaceLandmarks & Symbols of LondonLondon EyeMajor CitiesEdinburgh Capital of Scotlandadministrative, financial, legal, medical and insurance center of Scotlandbeautiful scene

11、ry renowned architectureLandmarks & Symbols of EdinburghEdinburgh CastlePalace of HolyroodMajor CitiesCardiff Europes youngest capital cityhas been the capital city of Wales for around 50 yearshome to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration has recently become one of the most fashio

12、nable cities in the United Kingdom.Landmarks & Symbols of CardiffCardiff City HallLandmarks & Symbols of CardiffMillennium StadiumCardiff Castle Major CitiesBelfast City Hall the second largest city capital of Northern Ireland an important historic cityLandmarks & Symbols of BelfastBelfast Castle II

13、 People Overall population: over 60 millionsDistribution:England: about 50 millionScotland:over 5 millionWales: around 3 millionNorthern Ireland: about 1.7millionEthnicityThe majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celt

14、ic people The Irish people were also Celtic in originimmigrants Percentage of total UK Population Ethinc Groups of totalWhite British 85.7%White Irish 1.2%White (other) 5.3%Mixed race 1.2%Indian 1.8%Pakistani 1.3%Bengali 0.5%Other Asian (non-Chinese) 0.4%Black Caribbean 1.0%Black African 0.8% Black

15、(others) 0.2%Chinese 0.4%Other 0.4%III The English Language1. Old English2. Middle English3. Modern English 4. Standard English1. Old English (5th 11th)Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced byOld NorseLatin and Greek words Danish wordsBeowulfThe most famous work from the OldEnglish period is the epic p

16、oem ”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga, rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum2. Middle English (11th 15th )Status French replaced English as the official language, and English became the Language of lower class big pork sheep m

17、utton cattle beefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black DeathThe Canterbury Tales written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the centuryWhan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is

18、the flour;Geoffrey Chaucer3. Modern English (15th )The printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingRenaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance The Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words

19、for new things and ideasThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languagesOthelloby William Shakespeare 1603La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriud murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought to ha