2023版高三英语主题语境复习方案新教案：第3部分 主题群2 子主题2　人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系

1、 子主题(二)人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系阅读理解A(2021全国乙卷C)Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceansbetween 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures

2、 out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to reexamine their relationship to singleuse plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse”，a pair of 10foottall plastic waves, frozen midcrash.Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer bea

3、ch cleanups，the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源)of plastic pollution, but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont n

4、eed them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong

5、wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic：Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic”，Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like theyd been dumped(倾

6、倒)from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.1What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?ABeautifying the city he lives in.BIntroducing ecofriendly products.CDrawing public attention to plastic waste.DReducing garbage o

7、n the beach.2Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?ATo show the difficulty of their recycling.BTo explain why they are useful.CTo voice his views on modern art.DTo find a substitute for them.3What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?ACalming.BDisturbing.CRefreshin

8、g.DChallenging.4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AArtists Opinions on Plastic SafetyBMedia Interest in Contemporary ArtCResponsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesDOcean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures【语篇解读】面对无处不在的海洋塑料污染，尤其是大家每天都在使用的塑料吸管和塑料杯，艺术家Benjamin Von Wong通过其艺术作品“Str

9、awpocalypse”和“Truckload of Plastic”来唤起人们对塑料垃圾的关注。1C推理判断题。本题询问Von Wong的艺术作品的目的是什么。根据题干中的关键信息Von Wongs artworks找到第一段中的“Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage，forcing viewers to reexamine their relationship to singleuse plastic produc

10、ts.(艺术家Benjamin Von Wong想让你知道它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，使观看者重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”，由此可推知，Von Wong的艺术作品旨在引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C。2A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution，but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and，because of

11、their small size and weight，they cannot be recycled.”可知，塑料吸管最近已经受到了抨击，由于它们体积小并且重量轻，所以不能被回收利用。故选A。3B推理判断题。本题询问艺术作品“Truckload of Plastic”对观看者有什么影响。根据第四段的内容可知，在2018年的一件作品中，Von Wong想说明这一明确的统计数据：每60秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋。由此可知，他创作的“Truckload of Plastic”是为了引起观看者的不安与恐慌，进而唤起人们关注塑料垃圾污染问题。故选B。4D标题归纳题。艺术家Benjamin Von W

12、ong通过其艺术作品，呼唤人们关注塑料垃圾污染问题，文章详细介绍了他的两件作品：“Strawpocalypse”和“Truckload of Plastic”。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是被转变成雕塑的海洋塑料。故选D。B(2020天津5月卷 C)Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet.While cars and trains are moving towards greener，electric power，emissions from air travel are expected to i

13、ncrease massively by 2050.If we want big green sky solutions，we need blue sky thinking.Fortunately，theres plenty of that happening right now，particularly the shorthaul flights powered by batteries.Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America，flying 30，000 commercial flights in 40 sea

14、planes each year.Significantly，all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes，making it perfectly fit for electric engines.“As an airline，were currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes，” says CEO Greg McDougall.To make this happen，the airline has partnered up with

15、MagniX to create the worlds first commercial flight with an electric engine.Making the skies electric isnt just good for the environment; it also makes sound financial sense：a small aircraft uses $400 on conventional fuel for a 100mile flight，while an electric one costs $812 for the same distance，an

16、d thats before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine.Theres also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in.No loud engine noise，no smell of fuel，just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.While there has been real progress in the eplan

17、e industry，the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyones feet firmly on the ground.A battery，even a lithium one，only provides 250 watthours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel，which has a specific energy of 11，890 watthours per kilogram.Carrying adequate batteries，however，would ma

18、ke the plane too heavy to get off the ground.In aircraft，where every bit of weight counts，this cant just be ignored.The transition(过渡) from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been made easier by hybridsvehicles powered by both fuel and electricity.Many believe the same pattern could be f

19、ollowed in the air.Fuel consumption could be reduced as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey，especially on takeoff and landing.Its certainly an exciting time for electric flying.With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead，batterypowered planes，especially on shorthaul

20、 journeys，are set to become a reality in the next few years.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在空运中，尤其是在短途空运中使用电能作为能量来源的可能性、好处、存在的挑战以及解决办法。5According to Para.1，what is happening in air transport?ANew explorations of the sky are being launched.BPollution caused by batteries is being controlled.CEfforts are being made

21、 to make air travel greener.DDemand for shorthaul flights is increasing massively.C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Fortunately，theres plenty of that happening right now，particularly the shorthaul flights powered by batteries.” 可知，幸运的是，人们正在构思解决空运产生的环境污染的方法，如由电池提供动力的短程航班，即现在人们正在努力让空中旅行变得更加环保，故C项正确。6Why is Harbour Air

22、 fit for electric flights?AIt runs short routes.BIt has a strong partner.CIts planes can land on the sea.DIt has planes with powerful engines.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Significantly，all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes，making it perfectly fit for electric engines.”可知， Harbour Air适合使用电能提供动力的飞机的原因是它所

23、有航线的航行时间都不超过30分钟，换句话说就是航线短，故A项正确。7The expression “added bonus” refers to the fact that electric planes _Agive passengers more pleasant viewsBbring airlines more financial benefitsCoffer more enjoyable flying experiencesDcost less in maintenance than traditional onesC词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Theres also the add

24、ed bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in.No loud engine noise，no smell of fuel，just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”可知，“that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in”是同位语从句，解释说明“added bonus”的内容，而电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的气味，只有安静，这使人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故C项正确。8W

25、hat might be the biggest challenge of electric flying?ATo improve the ground service for eplanes.BTo find qualified technicians for the eplane industry.CTo calculate the energy needed to power eplanes.DTo balance power and weight of batteries in eplanes.D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Carrying adequate batteries，how

26、ever，would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground.In aircraft，where every bit of weight counts，this cant just be ignored.”可知，如果携带充足的电池，飞机就会过重而无法起飞，由此可知，平衡电池重量与电量是电力飞行面临的最大挑战，故D项正确。9What could be done during the transition from gas to electric in air flight?ATo produce new electric components

27、.BTo increase battery consumption.CTo use mixedpower technology.DTo expand the landing field.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，许多人认为，燃料和电力同时供能这种模式，即混合型供能技术可以运用在空运中，故C项正确。10What is the authors attitude towards the prospect of electric flying?AShortsighted.BWaitandsee.COptimistic.DSkeptical.C观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为电力飞行

28、，尤其是短途旅行中的电力飞行一定会在接下来的几年中成为现实。由此推知，作者对电力飞行持乐观态度，故C项正确。C(2020全国卷C)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list，fur probably didnt cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutri

29、a(海狸鼠)Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guiltfree furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，”says Cree McCree，project director of Righteous Fur.Scient

30、ists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there cant handle this nonnative specie

31、s(物种)Its destroying the environment.Its them or us，”says Michael Massimi，an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the catsized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control progra

32、m for Louisiana.He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green，but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300，000 nutria tails a year，so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says，“

33、To give people a guiltfree option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally accep

34、table.Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is ecofriendly.【语篇解读】本文介绍了海狸鼠破坏了生态系统，穿海狸鼠皮毛制成的衣服并不会对环境造成威胁，而且人们也不会有负罪感。11What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?ATo promote guiltfree fur.BTo expand the fashion market.CTo introduce a new

35、brand.DTo celebrate a winter holiday.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur”及“It sounds crazy to talk about guiltfree fur.every year”可知，时装秀的意图是推销无罪恶感的皮毛草交易。故选A。12Why are scientists concerned about nutria?ANutria damage the ecosystem seriously.BNutr

36、ia are an endangered species.CNutria hurt local catsized animals.DNutria are illegally hunted.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”以及第四段中的“The ecosystem.Its destroying the environment.” 可知，因为海狸鼠破坏湿地进而破坏了环境，所以科学家对它们很担心。故选A。13What does the underlined word“collapsed”in Para

37、graph 5 probably mean?ABoomed.BBecame mature.CRemained stable.DCrashed.D词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades”可知，几十年来，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠(的数量)处于控制之下。根据画线词后的“the catsized animals multiplied like crazy”可知，这种像猫大小的动物疯狂地繁殖。由此可推知，20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场瘫痪了。collapse的意思应是“崩溃”，故选D。14What can we infer abou

38、t wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?AIts formal.BIts risky.CIts harmful.DIts traditional.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To give people a guiltfree option.a massive thing，at least here in New York.”可知，在纽约，穿毛皮衣服具有风险性。故选B。阅读七选五(2021全国甲卷)Swap, Dont Shop!You keep hearing about recycling，right? But it doesnt e

39、nd with bottles，cans，and paper.Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make，and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.So what to do with all those perfectlygoodbutyouremaybealittlesickofthem clothes piled on your bedroom floo

40、r？ 1 Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes，score clothes from your friends，and have a party all at the same time.A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes，the organization of the event，and，obviously，how much fun is had.Its really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.Invite 510

41、people so you have a nice selection. 2 ，and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that，and it becomes uncontrollable. 3 They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 4 Place a f

42、ew mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take themthings always look different when you put them on.Set a starting time.Maybe you say “go，” or turn on a certain

43、song，or whatever. 5 And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits.Remember，its a party!ALess people than thatBHold a clothing swapCIf two people are competingDJust keep music playing throughoutEDonate whatever clothes are left overFHave everyone put their clothes in the right spotsGTell everyon

44、e to bring clean clothes in good condition【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了如何举办服装交换派对活动来回收利用旧衣服，以达到保护环境的目的。1B分析上下文语境可知，该空起承上启下的作用。空前提到该如何处理你不喜欢的衣服，空后提到舍弃你的旧衣服，从你朋友那里获得衣服。由此可知，空处应提出一种解决你不喜欢的衣服这一问题的方法。分析选项可知，B项“举办旧衣物交换活动”是对该问题的回答；而下一句中的代词It也指代B选项中的clothing swap。故B项正确。2A分析本句的结构可知，后半句中的“more than that.”和空处所填应形成对比的关系；分析各选项可

45、知，A项符合该处语境，且选项中的that与more than that中的that均指代该段首句中的Invite 510 people。故A项正确。3G该空位于句首，应为段落的主旨句。且由下一句中的also一词可知，两句之间为递进关系，G选项中的bring与下一句“They should also prepare.”中的prepare相呼应，此段介绍参加服装交换派对活动的要求，即不仅要带来干净可穿的衣物，还要准备好装“新”衣物的环保袋。故G项正确。4F由上下文语境可知，空处应是讲述交换衣服时所做的事情。F选项中put一词是前一句“Put different types of clothing

46、on different surfaces in the room”的关键词复现，表明应把衣物摆放在合适的位置。故F项正确。5D由空前一句中的“turn on a certain song，or whatever”和空后一句可知，D选项中的“全程播放音乐”与空后“准备一些饼干和水果”，都是为了给旧衣物交换派对活动增添乐趣。故D项正确。1relationship n关系，联系2global adj.球形的，全球的3recycle v循环利用4title vt.冠以之名5amount n数量6organization n组织，机构7battery n电池8maintenance n维护9speci

47、fic adj.明确的10adequate adj.足够的11transition n过渡，转变12enthusiast n爱好者，狂热者13collapse v倒塌，崩溃14multiply v乘，大量繁殖15doubt n怀疑16massive adj.巨大的17pile v堆积，积累18single adj.单个的，单身的1collect v收集，聚集2worth n价值，值3increase v增加4progress n进步5ignore v忽视6native n当地人7prepare v准备8plenty n充裕；大量1select vt.挑选；选择selection n选择2eng

48、ine n引擎engineer n工程师3electricity n电electrical adj.电的4promote v促进，提升promotion n提升，晋升5guilt n内疚；犯罪guilty adj.内疚的1when it comes to 当谈到，就而言2take the lead 领先3let go 放开，释放4keep in check 约束5come up with 提出，想到即时演练单句语法填空1If you try on a piece of clothing, you put it on to see if it fits you or if it looks ni

49、ce.2The supplies were transported (transport) to the local people immediately the earthquake happened.3Modern computers can organize large amounts(amount) of data very quickly.4When someone makes an appearance(appear) at a public event or in a broadcast, they take part in it.5You have to answer ever

50、y question as specifically(specific) as possible when the police come.6He says his brother finds college less pressured(pressure) than junior year of high school.7The President is deeply concerned about this issue.8The power of the Green movement in Germany has made that country a leader in the driv

51、e to recycle(recycle) more waste materials.9Pay attention to your emotional energy and keep it in check especially in public.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind.出现在脑海中2Nutria were brought

52、there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.放生3Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.一段时间.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean.译

53、文 每60秒钟，就有能装满一货车的数量的塑料垃圾进入海洋。2Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet.译文当谈到对地球的危害，运输业负有很大责任。.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic”， Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to

54、 look like theyd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.分析句子主语是Von Wong and a group of volunteers，谓语动词是collected, 宾语more than 10，000 pieces of plastic；which引导定语从句，修饰plastic；titled “Truckload of Plastic，”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰this work。译文 为了这件名为“一卡车塑料”的艺术品，Von Wong和一帮志愿者收集了10 000多件塑料，然后把这些塑料绑在一起，使它们看起来就像从一辆

55、卡车里直接倒出来一样。2Making the skies electric isnt just good for the environment; it also makes sound financial sense: a small aircraft uses $400 on conventional fuel for a 100mile flight, while an electric one costs $812 for the same distance, and thats before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of

56、a traditional engine.分析本句是两个并列分句，中间用分号(；)连接。前面分句是简单句，主语是making the skies electric。后边分句也是简单句，谓语部分是makes sound financial sense。冒号后面是解释说明，这部分是while连接的两个并列分句，在while后面的分句中，又加入了一个由and连接的并列句。句中sound是形容词，表示“合理的，明智的”；factor是动词，表示“作为因素考虑进来”。译文使用电动飞机不只是对环境有利，而且在节省财政支出上也颇有意义。同样飞行一百英里，一架传统燃油小型飞机花费400美元，而一架电动飞机只需

57、812美元，而且这还没有考虑传统飞机发动机维护的高昂费用。3To give people a guiltfree option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.分析本句破折号前面不是完整句子，可以理解为破折号后that所指代的内容。破折号前半句中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明前面的option。破折号后的that是一般代词，不是从句引导词。译文给人们一个无内疚感的选择，他们

58、可以穿皮草，没有人会朝他们泼油漆我觉得这会是一件大事，至少在纽约是这样的。4One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take themthings always look different when you put them on.分析句子主语是one of the ground rules of the swap，谓语结构是should be，后面that引导表语从句，从句中的主干部分是everyone must try on the cl

59、othes，后面是before引导的时间状语从句，破折号后是解释说明的内容，解释为什么要拿走之前试穿这些衣服。译文 交换的一个基本规则是，每个人在拿走衣服前都必须试穿一下衣服在穿上时会发现跟看起来的样子不同。1whatever 任何事物；不管什么；究竟是什么；(非正式)无所谓(1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。(2)whatever引导从句时要在句中作主语、宾语或者定语。(3) or whatever 等等；诸如此类的事wha

60、tever it takes 不计代价；不计后果whatever works 怎样都行；管用就好whatever you like 无论你想要什么；不管你喜欢什么whatever happens不论发生什么基础练习单句语法填空Theyre always protesting about something or saving the trees or whatever.Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.Some people believe whatev