人教版英语必修五课文电子版

1、人教版英语必修五课文电子版人教版英语必修五课文电子版人教版英语必修五课文电子版Unit1GREATSCIENTISTSJOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERAJohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondonsoexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitherit

2、scausenoritscurewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedt

3、hatcholeramultipliedintheair,acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthedise

4、asespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehavelived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.Ma

5、nyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers163738and40).Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreeb

6、eerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame,Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonaf

7、terwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Bo

8、thsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwa

9、teranymore.Finally“KingCholerawasdefeated.COPERNICUSREVOLUTIONAYTHEORYNicolausCopernicuswasfrightenedandhismindwasconfused.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherp

10、lanetsintheskymakesense.YethecouldnottellanyoneabouthistheoryasthepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolarsystem.Theproblemarosebecauseastronomershadnoticedthatsomeplanetsinthes

11、kyseemedtostop,movebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers.Thiswasverystrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentaroundit.Copernicushadthoughtlongandhardabouttheseproblemsandtriedtofindananswer.Hehadcollectedobservationsofthestarsanduseda

12、llhismathematicalknowledgetoexplainthem.Butonlynewtheorycoulddothat.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.In1514heshoweditprivatelytohisfriends.Thechangeshemadetotheoldtheorywererevolutionary.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoi

13、ngrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingaroundtheearth.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwasspinningasitwentaroundthesunandthisexplainedchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars.Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswascautious.HedidnotwanttobeattackedbytheChr

14、istianChurch,soheonlypublisheditashelaydyingin1543.Certainlyhewasrighttobecareful.TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGodsideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbeattacked.YetCopernicustheoryisnowthebasisonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravity,wh

15、ichsaidthingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse.Copernicusshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.NowpeoplecanseethatthereisadirectlinkbetweenhistheoryandtheworkofIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawking.Unit2TheUnitedKingdomPUZZLESINGEOGRAPHYPeoplemaywonderwhydifferentwordsareusedt

16、odescribethesefourcountries:England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.YoucanclarifythisquestionifyoustudyBritishhistory.FirsttherewasEngland.Waleswaslinkedtoitinthethirteenthcentury.NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell.NextEnglandandWaleswerejoinedtoScotlandintheseventeenthcenturyand

17、thenamewaschangedtoGreatBritain.HappilythiswasaccomplishedwithoutconflictwhenKingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWalesaswell.FinallytheEnglishgovernmenttriedintheearlytwentiethcenturytoformtheUnitedKingdombygettingIrelandconnectedinthesamepeacefulway.However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwilling

18、andbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment.SoonlyNorthernIrelandjoinedwithEngland,WalesandScotlandtobecometheUnitedKingdomandthiswasshowntotheworldinanewflagcalledtheUnionJack.Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas(eg,thecurrencyandinternationalrelations),buttheywillhaveverydifferentinstitut

19、ions.Forexample,NorthernIreland,EnglandandScotlandhavedifferenteducationalandlegalsystemaswellasdifferentfootballtermsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.ThezonenearestFranceiscalledtheSouthofEngland,themiddlezoneisca

20、lledtheMidlandsandtheonenearesttoScotlandisknownastheNorth.Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth,butmostoftheindustrialcitiesintheMidlandsandtheNorthofEngland.Although,nationwide,thesecitiesarenotaslargeasthoseinChina,theyhaveworld-famousfootballteamsandsomeofthemevenhavetwo!Itisapitythatthein

21、dustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.ForhistoricalarchitectureyouhavetogotoolderbutsmallertownsbuiltbytheRomans.ThereyouwillfindoutmoreaboutBritishhistoryandculture.ThegreatesthistoricaltreasureofallisLondonwithitsmuseums,artcollections,theatres,parksandbuildings.Itisthecent

22、reofnationalgovernmentanditsadministration.IthastheoldestportbuiltbytheRomansinthefirstcenturyAD,theoldestbuildingbegunbytheAnglo-Saxonsinthe1060sandtheoldestcastleconstructedbylaterNormanrulersin1066.TherehavebeenfoursetsofinvadersofEngland.Thefirstinvaders,theRomans,lefttheirtownsandroads.Thesecon

23、d,theAnglo-Saxons,lefttheirlanguageandtheirgovernment.Thethird,theVikings,influencedthevocabularyandplace-namesoftheNorthofEngland,andthefourth,theNormans,leftcastlesandintroducednewwordsforfood.IfyoulookaroundtheBritishcountrysideyouwillfindevidenceofalltheseinvaders.Youmustkeepyoureyesopenifyouare

24、goingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomenjoyableandworthwhile.SIGHTSEEINGINLONDONWorriedaboutthetimeavailable,ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon.HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.ItwasbuiltlongagobytheNormaninvadersofAD1066.Thissolidstone,squaretowerhadremainedstandingforonethousa

25、ndyears.Althoughthebuildingshadexpandedaroundit,itremainedpartofaroyalpalaceandprisoncombined.Tohergreatsurprise,ZhangPingyufoundtheQueensjewelsguardedbyspecialroyalsoldierswho,onspecialoccasions,stillworethefour-hundred-year-olduniformofthetimeofQueenElizabethI.TherefollowedStPaulsCathedralbuiltaft

26、ertheterriblefireofLondonin1666.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!WestminsterAbbey,too,wasveryinteresting.Itcontainedstatuesinmemoryofdeadpoetsandwriters,suchasShakespeare.Thenjustasshecameoutoftheabbey,Pingyuheardthefamoussoundoftheclock,BigBen,ringingoutthehour.Shefinishedthedaybylookingattheoutsideo

27、fBuckinghamPalace,theQueenshouseinLondon.Oh,shehadsomuchtotellherfriends!TheseconddaythegirlvisitedGreenwichandsawitsoldshipsandfamousclockthatsetstheworldtime.Whatinterestedhermostwasthelongitudeline.Itisanimaginarylinedividingtheeasternandwesternhalvesoftheworldandisveryusefulfornavigation.Itpasse

28、sthroughGreenwich,soPingyuhadaphototakenstandingoneithersideoftheline.ThelastdayshevisitedKarlMarxsstatueinHighgateCemetery.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.Notonlythat,buthehadworkedinthefamousreadingroomoftheLibraryoftheBritishMuseum.Sadlythelibraryha

29、dmovedfromitsoriginalplaceintoanotherbuildingandtheoldreadingroomwasgone.Butshewasthrilledbysomanywonderfultreasuresfromdifferentculturesdisplayedinthemuseum.WhenshesawmanyvisitorsenjoyinglookingatthebeautifuloldChinesepotsandotherobjectsonshow,shefeltveryproudofhercountry.ThenextdayPingyuwasleaving

30、LondonforWindsorCastle.PerhapsIwillseetheQueenshewonderedasshefellasleep.Unit3LIFEINTHEFUTUREFIRSTIMPRESSIONSSpacemail:liqiang15/11/3008(earthtime)DearMumandDad,IstillcannotbelievethatIamtakinguptheprizethatIwonlastyear.IhavetoremindmyselfconstantlythatIamreallyinAD3008.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasun

31、settledforthefirstfewdays.Asaresult,Isufferedfrom“timeflag.Thisissimilartothe“jetlagflying,butitseemsyoukeepgettingflashbacksfromyourprevioustimeperiod.SoIwasverynervousanduncertainatfirst,however,myfriendandguide,Wangping,wasveryunderstandingandgavesomegreentabletswhichhelpedalot.Well-knowfortheire

32、xpertise,hisparentscompany,called“FuturespTortedursmesafely,tranintothefutureinatimecapsule.Icanstillrememberthemomentwhenthespacestewardesscalledusalltothecapsuleandweclimbedinthroughasmallopening.Theseatswerecomfortableandafteracalmingdrink,wefeltsleepyandclosedoureyes.Thecapsulebeganswinginggentl

33、ysidewaysaswelayrelaxedanddreaming.Afewminuteslater,thejourneywascompletedandwehadarrived.Iwasstillontheearthbutonethousandyearsinthefuture.WhatwouldIfindAtfirstmysurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.Theairseemedthin,asthoughitscombinationofgashadlittleoxygenleft.Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.Just

34、asItriedtomakethenecessaryadjustmenttothisnewsituation,Wangpingappeared.this“Pmask,headvised.“itllmakeyoufeelmuchbetter.Hehandedittomeandimmediatelyhurriedmethroughtoasmallroomnearbyforarest.Ifeltbetterinnotime.SoonIwasbackonmyfeetagainandfollowinghimtocollectahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer.Thesec

35、arriagesfloatabovethegroundandbybendingorpressingdowninyourseat,youcanmoveswiftly.Wangpingfastenedmysafetybeltandshowedmehowtouseit.SoonIcouldflyasfastashim.However,IlostsightofWangpingwhenwereachedwhatlookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.Hewassweptupintothecentreof

36、them.JustatthatmomentIhada“timelagflashbackandsawtheareaagainasihadbeenintheyearAD2021.IrealizedthatIhadbeentransportedintothefutureofwhatwasstillmyhometown!ThenIcaughtsightofWangpingagainandflewafterhim.Arrivingatastrange-lookinghouse,heshowedmeintoalarge,brightcleanroom.Ithadagreenwall,abrownfloor

37、andsoftlighting.Suddenlythewallmoved-itwasmadeoftrees!Ifoundlaterthattheirleavesprovidedtheroomwithmuch-neededoxygen.ThenWangpingflashedaswitchonacomputerscreen,andatableandsomechairsrosefromunderthefloorasifbymagic.“Whynotsitdownandeatalittlehesaid.“Youmayfoundthisdifficultasitisyourfirsttimetravel

38、trip.Justrelax,sincethereisnothingplannedonthetimetabletoday.Tomorrowyoullbereadyforsomevisits.hespreadHavingsomesaidthis,foodonthetable,andproducedabedfromthefloor.Afterheleft,Ihadabriefmealandahotbath.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.Morenewslaterfromyourlovingson,LiQiangIHAVESEENAMAZINGTHI

39、NGSMyfirstvisitwastoaspacestationconsideredthemostmoderninspace.Describedasanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearthsgrawasanexhibitionfthemostup-to-dateinventionsofthe31stcentury.Aguide(G)showedusaroundalongamoveablepath.G:Goodmorningtoallourvisitorsfrom2021.Firstweregoing

40、toexamineoneofthelatestformsofcommunicationamongourspacecitizens.Nomoretypistsworkingonatypewriterorcomputer!Nomorepostageorpostcodes!Messagescannowbesentusinga“thoughtpad.Youplacethemetalbandoveryourhead,clearyourmind,pressthesendingbutton,thinkyourmessageandthenextinstantitssent.Itsstoredonthe“tho

41、ughtpadofthequick,efficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.Theonlylimitationisiftheuserdoesnotthinkhisorhermessageclearly,anunclearmessagemaybesent.Butwecannotblamethetoolsforthefaultsoftheuser,canweDuringtheexplanationIlookedatthepairofsmallobjectscalled“thoughtpadsonatable.Theyjustlookedlikemetalribbon

42、s.Soordinarybutsopowerful!WhileIwasobservingthem,thepathmoveduson.G:Andnowladiesandgentlemen,weareinthe“environmentareact.Peopleusedtocollewasteindustbins.Thentherubbishwassenttobeburiedorburned,amIright(Wenodded.)Well,nowtheresasystemwherethewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.Agiantmachin

43、e,alwaysgreedyformore,swallowsallthewasteavailable.Therubbishisturnedintoseveralgradesofusefulmaterial,suchas“fertilizerforthefieldsanddeserts.Nothingiswasted,andeverything,evenplasticbags,isrecycled.Agreatidea,isnIstaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,absorbedbyitsefficiency.Butagainwemovedon.Our

44、thirdstopshowsthechangesthathavehappenedtoworkpractices.Manufacturingnolongertakesplaceontheearthbutonspacestationlikethisone.Agroupofengineersprogrammerobotstoperformtasksinspace.Therobotsproducegoodssuchasdrugs,clothes,furniture,hoveringcarriages,etc.Thereisnowaste,nopollutionandnoenvironmentaldam

45、age!However,thecompanieshavetotraintheirrepresentativestoliveandworkinspacesettlements.Theyhavetomonitortherobotsandtheproduction.Whenthegoodsarereadytheyretransportedbyindustrialspaceshipbacktoearth.Mymindbegantowander.WhatjobwouldIdoMymotivationincreasedasIthoughtofthewonderfulworldofthefuture.Uni

46、t4MAKINGTHENEWSMYFIRSTWORKASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable,saysnewjournalistNeverwillZhouYang(ZY)forgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin(HX),wastostronglyinfluencehislifeasajournalist.HX:Welcome.Weredelightedyourecomingtoworkwithus.Yourfirstjobherewill

47、beanassistantjournalist.DoyouhaveanyquestionsZY:CanIgetoutonastoryimmediatelyHX：(laughing)Thatsadmirable,butImafraiditwouldbeunusual!Waittillyouexperienced.Firstwellputyouasanassistanttoanexperiencedjournalist.Lateryoucancoverastoryandsubmitthearticleyourself.remZY:Wonderful!WhatdoIneedtotakewithmeI

48、alreadyhaveanotebookandcamera.HX:Noneedforacamera.Youllhaveaprofessionalphotographerwithyoutotakephotographs.Youllfindyourcolleaguesveryeagertoassistyou,soyoumaybeabletoconcentrateonphotographylaterifyoued.reinterestZY:Thankyou.NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookanamateurcourseatuniversitytou

49、pdatemyskills.HX:Good.ZY:WhatdoIneedtorememberwhenIgoouttocoverastoryHX:Youneedtobecurious.Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouadmirealltheinformationyouneedtoknow.Wesayagoodjournalistmusthaveagood“noseforaThatmeansyoumustbeabletoassesswhenpeoplearenottellingthewholetruthandthentrytodiscoverit.

50、Theymustuseresearchtoinformthemselvesofthemissingpartsofthestory.ZY:WhatshouldIkeepinmindHX:Herecomesmylistofdosanddonts:dontsmissyourdeadline,dontberude,dtalktoomuch,butmakesureyoulistentotheintervieweecarefully.ZY:WhyislisteningsoimportantHX:Well,youhavetolistenfordetailedfacts.Meanwhileyouhavetop

51、reparethenextquestiondependingonwhatthepersonsays.ZY:ButhowcanIlistencarefullywhiletakingnotesHX:Thisisatrickofthetrade.Iftheintervieweeagrees,youcanusearecordertogetthefactsstraight.Itsalsousefulifapersonwantstochallengeyou.Youhavetheevidencetosupportyourstory.ZY:Isee!Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomeon

52、eaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestickHX:Yes,butitwasalongtimeago.Thisishowthestorygoes.Afootballwasaccusedoftakingmoneyfordeliberatelynotscoringgoalssoastolettheotherteamwin.Wewenttointerviewhim.Hedeniedtakingmoneybutweweresceptical.Sowearrangedaninterviewbetweenthefootballerandthema

53、nsupposedtobridehim.Whenwesawhimtogetherweguessedfromthefootballersbodylanguagethathewasnottellingthetruth.Sowewroteanarticlesuggestinghewasguilty.Itwasadilemmabecausethefootballercouldhavedemandeddamagesifwewerewrong.Hetriedtostopuspublishingitbutlaterwewereprovedright.ZY:Wow!Thatwasareal“scoop.Iml

54、ookingforwardtomyfirstassignmentnow.PerhapsIllgetascooptoo！HX:Perhapsyouwill.Youneverknow.GETTINHTHE“SCOOP“Quick,saidtheeditor.“Getthatstoryready.Weneeditinthiseditiontobeaheadoftheothernewspapers.Thisisascoop.ZhouYanghadjustcomebackintotheofficeafteraninterviewwithafamousfilmstar.InternationalNewsD

55、epartment.work.“Didhereallydothataskedsomeonefromthe“Yes,Imafraidhedid,ZhouYanganswered.HesettoHisfirsttaskwastowritehisstory,buthehadtodoitcarefully.Althoughherealizedthemanhadbeenlying,ZhouYangknewhemustnotaccusehimdirectly.Hewouldhavetobeaccurate.Concisetoo!Heknewhowtodothat.Monthsoftraininghadta

56、ughthimtowritewithnowastedwordsorphrases.Hesatdownathiscomputerandbegantowork.Thefirstpersonwhosawhisarticlewasasenioreditorfromhisdepartment.Hecheckedtheevidence,readthearticleandpasseditontothecopy-editor.Shebegantoeditthepieceanddesignthemainheadlineandsmallerheading,llookverygood“Thisonwilthepag

57、e,shesaid.“WhereisagoodpictureofthismanThenasthearticlewasgoingtobewritteninEnglishZhouYangalsotookacopytothenativespeakeremployedbythenewspapertopolishthestyle.ShewasalsoveryhappywithZhouYangsstory.“Youarereallyabletowriteagoodfrontpagearticle,shesaid,ZhouYangsmiledwithhappiness.Lastofall,thechiefe

58、ditorreaditandapprovedit.“Welldone,hesaidtoZhouYanpleaseshowmeyourevidencesoweresurewevegotourfactsstraight.“Illbrimmediately,saidZhouYangexcitedly.Thenewsdeskeditortookthestoryandbegantoworkonallthestoriesandphotosuntilallthepageswereset.Alltheinformationwasthenreadytobeprocessedintofilmnegatives.T

59、hiswasthefirststageoftheprintingprocess.Theyneededfournegatives,asseveralcoloursweregoingtobeusedonthestory.Eachofthemaincolourshadonenegativesheetandwhentheywerecombinedtheymadeacolouredageforthenewspaper.Afteronelastcheckthepagewasreadytobeprinted.ZhouYangwaitedexcitedlyforthefirstcopiestobeready.

60、“Waittilltonight,hisfriendwhispered.“Iexpecttherewillbesomethingabouthisonthetelevisionnews.Arealscoop！Unit5FIRSTAIDFIRSTAIDFORBURNSTheskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyanditslargestorgan.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,poisonsandthesunsharmfulrays.Thefunctionsofyourskinarealso