英语句子成分分析学案

1、文档编码 : CQ9V5B3W10Z10 HG8B10H1D4B8 ZG5W10C9O9S1- -句子成分及构造 一 句子成分 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语；英语的根本成分有七种： 除 主语subject、谓语predicate、宾语object、定语 attribute、状语 adverbial 和补语 plement之外仍有 表语 predicative同位语；主语 1.主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首练习 1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线,通常由名词性的词来充当；1. During the 1990s, American country

2、music has bee more and more popular. 2. We often speak English in class. 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 6. The rich should help the poor. 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been

3、decided. 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9. That he isnt at home is not true练习 2. 改错1Do exercise everyday is good for your health. - word.zl-2All what he said isnt true.- - -3 He came late made his teacher angry. 4 On the desk is two books. 2. 谓语：谓语由动词充当,说明主语所作的动作或具有的特点和状态；谓语的构成如下：1

4、、简洁谓语：Hepracticesrunningevery morning. Hereads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成；如：Youmay keepthe book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. 考点 1. 在一般现在时中要留意动词第三人称单数当主语是复数时不止一个人 ,后面

5、用动词原形；当主语是一个人,并且不是-s,-es I 和 you,谓语要用第三人称单数,也就是在后面加1.We/You 你们/They _go to school every day. - word.zl-2.Tom and Mike _go to school every day. 3.His children _go to school every day. 4.Tom _go to school every day. 5.My brother _go to school every day. - - -6. Your sister _go to school every day. 7.

6、Their son _go to school every day. 8. He / She _go to school every day. 考点 2. 谓语中要有动词,因此形容词前面要加上系动词才能作谓语；如：Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.改_- 考点 3. 在复合谓语中,情态动词和助动词,如：will, shall, would, should, can, may must, could, might,仍有 had to, had better, used to, would rather等,都没有人称和数 的变化,

7、后面用动词原形；修改下面句子 : She might stayed at home. _ He must es. _ It raining heavily. _ They planting trees on the farm. _ 3. 表语：表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特点和状态,它一般位于系动词如 be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等之后；划出以下句中的表语 , 并说明有什么充当；1 Our English teacher is an American. 2 Is it yours. 3 The weather has turned cold

8、. 4 The speech is exciting. - - word.zl- -5 Three times seven is twenty one. 6 His job is to teach English. 7 His hobby爱好 is playing football. 8 The machine must be under repairs. 9 The truth is that he has never been abroad. 4. 宾语：宾语由名词性的词充当 ,一般位于 及物动词 和介词后面；宾语分为 动词宾语 和介词宾语 ,分别构成 动宾构造 和介宾构造 ,划出以下句中

9、的宾语 , 并说明由什么充当；1 They planed many trees yesterday. 2 The heavy rain prevented me from ing to school on time. 3 How many dictionaries do you have. I have five. 4 They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5 I wanted to buy a car. 6 I enjoy listening to popular music. 7 I think thathe is fit

10、for his office. 5. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词, 除有一个直接宾语以外, 仍要有一个宾语补语, 才能使句子的意义完整；宾语补足语和宾语构成规律上的主谓关系；用线划出以下句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么词充当, 同时体会宾补和宾语之- - word.zl- -间的规律关系；1 His father named him Dongming. 2 They painted their boat white. 3 Let the fresh air in. 4 You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 5 We saw her en

11、tering the room. 6 We found everything in the lab in good order. 7 We will soon make our city what your city is now. 8 I want your homework done on time. 6. 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、 限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用 的表示；定语通常位于被修饰的成分前；考点 1.I have something important to tell you. There is nothing interesting in the book. 考点

12、 2. 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后；People there are very friendly. 那儿的人们 He went up to a policeman downstairs. 楼下的警察考点 3.The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.我旁边的那个人The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.距我家最近的那个商店- - word.zl- -考点 4. 介词短语作定语时要后置 The boy under the tree is

13、Tom.树下的那个男孩The tallest boy in our class is John.我们班最高的那个男孩考点 5. 名词作定语一般用单数,但当 woman man 也要用复数woman, man作定语且后面名词为复数时,boy students, apple trees, men doctors, women nurses 考点 6. 动词不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语作定语要后置 I have something to say. 直译：我有要说的话 The boy crying over there is my classmate.在那边哭的那个男孩The house bui

14、lt last year is impressive.去年建的那座房子考点 7. Else, 别的,其它的 Who else do you know. Somebody else might have taken it away. 考点 8. enough修饰名词可前置或后置 , enough修饰形容词、副词时 ,必需后置；Nearby可作形容词、副词,因此修饰名词时也可前置或后置1 I haven enough money. I cant afford it.形容词作定语2 We have time enough to do the work. 形容词短语作定语3 You can caref

15、ul enough. 副词作状语 3 If you are in trouble, ask a policeman nearby for help. 副词作定语= If you are in trouble, ask a nearby policeman for help. 形容词作定语- - word.zl- -用 划出以下句中的定语,并指出是什么词性或构造充当的1. Tom is a handsome boy. 2. His boy needs Toms pen. 3. The boy in blue is Tom. 4. The boy needs a ball pen. 5. The

16、boy there needs a pen. 6. The boy to write this letter needs a pen. 7. There is nothing to do today. 8. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 9. There are five boys left. 10. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 11. The boy you will know is Tom. 12. The teachi

17、ng plan for next term has been worked out. 13. He is reading an article about how to learn English. 14. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 15. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 16. There are thirty women teachers in our school. 7. 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 语；可由以下形式表示：, 说

18、明动作或状态特点的句子成分,叫作状He writes carefully. He walks slowly. - - word.zl- -This material is environmentally friendly.He runs very slowly. Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. 考点 1. 形容词、副词的选择 He is _. careful He is a _man.careful He feels _. happy He went there _. happy The lecture is very _ important.

19、 _surprising, he came to the meeting on time. The thing is _ _.极其重要 In the past, this street is _ _. 真的很繁华 . He used to go to school _.late He used to be _ late for school. 几个副词并列作状语时 ,其次序较灵敏 ,但一般是：方式地点时间；如：We had a good time together outdoorslast Sunday. I found a lost pen outside our schoolyesterd

20、ay morning. 考点 2. 频度副词如 often、always、usually等在 be 及助动词动词后 ,行为动词前；Heisoftenlate. He isalwayshelping others. He oftencame late. - - word.zl- -考点 3. 副词按意义分类 在句子成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比拟好识别,假如这几 个成分都不是,那很可能就是状语了；因此,状语的种类许多,可以表示时间、地点、缘由、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步 一. 方式副词suddenly rapidly warmly successfully surpris

21、ingly quickly carefully proudly angrily 二. 地点、方向副词here there outside inside away straight upstairs backwards 三. 时间副词 now then soon still tomorrow 在明天 yesterday 在昨天 already yet仍last week/ last month 在上周 , 四. 频度副词next week/next month always usually frequently 频繁地 often never sometimes seldom 很少 ,不常 ra

22、rely 罕有地 hardly 五. 程度副词very quite too pretty 相当nearly几乎- word.zl-rather 略微extremely极端地 almost几乎- - -练习：指出以下划线局部属于什么状语1. How about meeting again at six. 2. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 3. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 4. She put the eggs into the basket with gr

23、eat care. 5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7. To make his dream e true, Tom bees very interested in business. 8. The boy needs a pen very much. 9. The boy really needs a pen. 10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately

24、. 11. She works very hard though she is old. 12. I am taller than he is. 13. I shall go there if it doesn. t rain14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 8. 同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语；如：We students should study hard. / students是 we 的同位语,都是指同一批同学We all are students. / all是

25、we 的同位语,都指同样的我们It s good to us students. - - word.zl- -1 The young man, _ ,works in the office. A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me 2. Our English teacher, _ often helps us with study. A. Mrs. Wang B. Mrs. Wangs C. Mrs. Wangs . D. of him 3. _, some railway workers, are busy repairing th

26、e train. A. Them B. He C. They D. Theirs 二 简洁句的五种根本构造 根本句型 一： 主谓这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语, 但可以带状语, 常见的不及物动词有：act, e, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring,live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit,

27、lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. Itis rainingnow. Weve workedfor 5 hours. The meetinglastedhalf an hour. Timeflies. 根本句型 二： 主谓宾此构造是由“ 主语 +及物动词词组 +宾语构成；宾语可以是名词、代词、数词,动名词、动词不定式或词组、ShelikesEnglish. the +形容词、分词以及从句等；如,- - word.zl- -Weplanteda lot oftreeson the farmyesterday. 分析以下句子成分,并在后

28、面括号标明属于五种根本句型中的哪一种1. My brother hasnt done his homework. 2. People all over the world speak English. 3. Jim cannot dress himself. 4. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 5. He did not know what to say. 根本句型 三： 主系表系动词主要是 be. 但仍有一些动词在有些时候也可作系动词,有人称之为半系动词；常见的半系动词有：1表示特点和存在状态的be, seem, feel, ap

29、pear, look, smell, taste, sound 等；2表示状态连续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand 等；3表示状态变化的 bee, get, turn, go, run, fall, e, grow等；系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语Heis a student. Yourideasounds great. 分析以下句子成分,并在后面括号标明属于五种根本句型中的哪一种 , 并写出该句的系动词；1 His advice proved right. 2 The shop stays open till 8 oclock. - wor

30、d.zl- - -3 The machine went wrong. 4 All these efforts seem in vain. 5 These words sound reasonable. 6 The room soon became crowded. 7 The days are getting longer and longer. 8 He fell ill yesterday. 9 Trees turn green in spring. 10What you said sounds great. 根本句型 四： 主谓间宾直宾有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如：give 给,pas

31、s递, bring 带,show 显示；这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语；一个指物,为直接宾语；间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前；一般的次序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语；如： He givemea cup of tea. 强调间接宾语次序为：动词+ 直接宾语+介词 + 间接宾语；如：Show this house to Mr. Smith. 常跟双宾语的及物动词有：需借助 to 的allow, bring, deny, do带来, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, ref

32、use, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write 等- - word.zl- -需借助 for 的 bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play 奏,save, sing, spare等 He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me. She gave John a book= She bough

33、t a book for me. 分析以下句子成分,并在后面括号标明属于五种根本句型中的哪一种；1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 5. I showed him my pictures. 4. He denies her nothing. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to

34、run the machine. 根本句型 五： 主谓宾宾补此句型的句子的特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语仍不能表达完整的意思,必需加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整；宾语补足语： 位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分；上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语；The warmadehima soldier. Newmethodsmakethe jobeasy. Ioftenfindhimat work. The teacheraskedthe studentsto close the windows. I sawa catrunning across the road. 宾语与

35、其补足语有规律- - word.zl- -分析以下句子划分成分,在后面括号标明属于五种根本句型中的哪一种 , 并指出是什么充当句子的宾语补足语1. They appointed him manager. 3. He pushed the door open. 5. What makes him think so. 2. They painted the door green. 4. They found the house deserted. 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to e back soon. 8. I saw them getting on the bus. 6. T