高中语法定语从句的详细讲解88392

1、精品文档精品文档 欢在下载Last summerl visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which manyimportant meetings are held every year.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：Her brother whois nowa soldier always encourages her to goto college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）Her brother, whois nowa soldier, always encou

2、rages her to go to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况.当先行词是 everything, anything, n

3、othing （something 除外），all, none, few, little,some等代词时，或当先行词受 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？There seemsto be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做

4、好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。Hestayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who,如：Any manthat / whohas a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were imp

5、ortant people. 所有应邀来参力口她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first place that they visited in London wasthe Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。4当先行词被the very, the only 修饰时。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。After th

6、e fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧 车成了他的唯一拥有。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：WangHuais the only person in our school whowill attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时。如：Whois the manthat is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the T-shirt

7、that fits memost? 哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？6当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的 在校时的人和事。Look at the manand his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。（二）关系代词as 和 which 引导的定语从句as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：as 和 which

8、 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Hemarried her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。Heis honest, as / which wecan see. 他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有 “ 正如、正像”的含义。如：Asis knownto all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。Heis from the sou

9、th, as wecan knowfrom his accent. 他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。Zhang Huahas been to Paris more than ten times, which I don t believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which o如：Tomwas late for school again and again, which madehis teache

10、r very angry. 汤姆老是迟到，这使得老 师很恼火。These tables are madeof metal, which madethem very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。.当先行词受such, the same修饰时，关系词常用as。如：I ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。Heis not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典

11、跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与 as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the samedress that she wore at Mary s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the samedress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。（三）以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way （that / in which ） he answere

12、d the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。I don t like the way （that / in which） you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。 试比较：I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。I knowa place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural sc

13、enery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。I will never forget the days whenwespent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which wespent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to mefor his not atte

14、nding the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。（五） but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = whodon t ）（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。The fact that he has alrea

15、dy died is quite clear. （同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The newsthat he told meis true. （定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。The newsthat he has just died is true. （同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。T

16、he problem that weare facing now is howwecan collect so muchmoney. （ 定语从句） 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。The problem howwecan collect so muchmoneyis difficult to solve. （同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。The question whether he is sure to win the game

17、is hard to answer. （同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be 发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如：The idea that he wecould ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. （ 同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. （

18、同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。The fact is that the earth movesaround the sun.Payattention to the problem howwecan protect the wild animals. （同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。The problem is howwe can protect the wild animals.Exercises:.There are three bedrooms in the house,is Marys.A the smallest of which B the smalle

19、r of whichC the smallest of them D the smallest one.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,it will be completely finished.A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time.Alice has a large collection of phone,was taken in london.A none of them B no one of which C all of which

20、 D none of whicha happy.With the fast development of agriculture, the people village I taught before liveda happylife.A who B whose C in whose D in which.There is a moutain the top is always covered with snow.A whose B of which C its D that.She may have missed her train, in case she wont arrive for

21、another hour.A what B that C which D this7.1)I have three children,and two of are doctors.2)I have three children, two of are doctors.8.There two thousand students in our school,are girls.A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirdshave bought two ballpens,wri

22、tes well.A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of whichA who B them C that D whom( 16ABDCBC 79B DDC )特殊结构定语从句点击These houses are sold at such a low price people expected.A. like B. as C. that D. whichIve never heard so interesting a story you told me.A. as B. that C. of which D.

23、about whichIve seen the same film you saw yesterday.A. that B. which C. as D. likeIll buy the same coat you wear.A. that B. which C. as D. likeHe made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.which I think iswhich I think it iswhich I think itI think isis known to everybody, the m

24、oon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. WhatThis is the first time he has been here.A. that B. when C. at which D. whichI dont like you speak to her.A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which答案与简析：Bo当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为such+ (a/an)十形容词十名词

25、十as引导的定语从句，意为 像 一样的 。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。A 。由 so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。AC。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用 that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as 引导定语从句指同类事物。A 。做此题的关键是要知道I think 在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。B o As在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的

26、整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case(情况经常是这样)等。如选A,则需将逗号改为that ;如选D,则需将逗号改为is that 。A 。当先行词为the first time, the last time等时，定语从句的引导词用that 而不用when。A 。当先行词为way 时，定语从句的引导词用that 或 in which, 也可省略。定语从句 This is the best factory we visited last year .A. where

27、B. which C. in which D. that.Is this the factory computers are built ?A. that B. which C. in which D. in thatplease pass me the dictionary cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which ofThe man has arrived .A. whom I told you B. that I told youC. whom I told you about him D. I told you aboutDo you

28、 know the comrade we are talking ?A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to thatThey visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in whereThe comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whoseHe asked us to watch carefully everything _

29、he did in class .A. who B. that C. what D. whereI ll visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai .A. who B. that C. when D. whichThe school _I study is a new one .A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at whichChina has many islands,the largest is Taiwan .A. in which B. at which C. w

30、hich D. of whichThe city my mother grew up is not far from here .A. what B. where C. that D. whichOur teacher lives in the house door faces to the north .A. which B. his C. that D. whoseDo you know the man _your father nodded ?A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whomWrestling is a sport in _people

31、 easily get hurt .A. that B. when C. which D. whatI told you I know .A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whomChina has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun .A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of themIs this factory we visited last year ?A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the oneWho is

32、 the man was there ?A. who B. which C. that D. whomIs there anything I can do for you, sir ?A. that B. which C. whose D. whoI still remember the day she first wore that green dress .A. which B. in which C. on that D. on whichThe knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with it

33、C. with that D. whichThe games the young men competed in were difficult .A. in which B. which C. it D. whot rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it. George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing.A. whoB. whom C. he D. which历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句

34、精选.His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor.A.of whom B.whomC.of whoseD.whose.She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.thatIn the dark street , there wasnt a single person she could turn for help.A.thatB.whoC.from whomD.to whom.The weather turn

35、ed out to be very good , was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when Carol said the work would be done by October,personally I doubt very much.A. itB.thatC.whenD.whichDorothy wasalways speaking highlyof her role in the play, ,of course, made theothers unhappy.A whoB whichC thisD what.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , was very reasonable.A.which priceC.the price of whichC.its priceD.the price of whose.h