考研考博-英语-天津工业大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津工业大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Itisawell-knownfactthatthecatfamily___lionsandtigers.

问题1选项

A.enriches

B.accommodates

C.adopts

D.embraces

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项enriches“使充实；使肥沃；使富足”；B选项accommodates“容纳；使适应；供应；调解”；C选项adopts“采取；接受；收养；正式通过”；D选项embraces“拥抱；欣然采纳；信奉；包含”。句意：众所周知，猫科动物___狮子和老虎。本句表达“猫科动物包括老虎和狮子”，因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Therewasnolightonthewayandforasecondshehesitated,unableto（）thedimfigureawaitingher.

问题1选项

A.setout

B.makeout

C.pickup

D.clearup

【答案】B

【解析】setout开始，出发，陈述；makeout理解，认出；pickup捡起，获得；clearup整理，打扫。句意：路上没有灯光，她犹豫了一会儿，无法辨认出那个等待着她的模糊身影。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

TheOlympicGames（

）in776B.C.inOlympia,asmalltowninGreece.

问题1选项

A.originated

B.stemmed

C.derived

D.descended

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意:奥林匹克运动会起源于公元前776年希腊一个叫奥林匹亚的小镇。

originatedin起源于，通常后面接地点;steemed一般与介词from连用表示“源于”;derivedfrom由…衍生而来;descendfrom由…传下来，通常后面接某人。

4.单选题

He（）spendshisholidaysinthemountainsthoughoccasionallyhegoestotheseasideinstead.

问题1选项

A.usually

B.constantly

C.invariably

D.always

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项usually“通常，经常”，表示频率高，允许有例外；B选项constantly“不断地；时常地”，表示一个动作不断发生，一成不变；C选项invariably“总是，不变地，一如既往的”，表示一成不变的持续动作；D选项always“总是，常常”，频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续、中间没有间断。句意：他通常在山里度假，但偶尔去海边。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

5.单选题

TBAIndustrialProductsproducesasbestos(石棉)textilesforbrakelinings.Thecompanyisjustinstitutingaprogrammetoreducetheasbestosintheairattheplanttoamaximum0.5fiberspermilliliterofair—thecontrollimitimposedbytheHealthandSafetyExecutiveirresponsible.Withconstantexposuretothatlevel,accordingtoareportbyanOntarioRoyalCommission,betweenoneandfouroutof100peopleworkingfor25yearscouldexpecttodieofaasbestos-relatedcancer.YetDavidGee,healthandsafetyofficeroftheGeneral,MunicipalandBoiler-makersUnion,acceptsthatthecompanyshouldgonolower.Why?

Problemnumberoneisassessingtheriskandthedifferencethatproposedsafetymeasureswouldmaketoit.Therearethreebasiccategories,towhichtheHSE’spolicy-makerswork—inthejargon,corpses,cancersandcatastrophes.

“Corpses”arethevictimsofone-offaccidents.Awealthofevidenceonsuchaccidentsexists,andtheeffectsofmeasurestocombatthemareeasilycalculated.

“Cancers”,thekillerdiseasesthatcanarisefromworkinglongperiodsinunsafeenvironments,arehardertoassess.Thediseasesmaynotappearuntilyearsaftertheprocesswasfirstinitiated,andtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffectisoftencontroversial.

Assessingthepotentialfor“catastrophes”—-likeBhopal,SevesoorFlixborough_inwhichtensofthousandsofpeoplecanbeaffectedisharderstill.Sucheventsareexceedinglyraresotheycannotbepredictedonthebasisofpastexperience.Insteadengineeringexpertsthinkofeverythingthatcouldgowrong—andofthethingsthatcouldgowrongwiththeprecautions.Theprobabilityofanaccidentisthenexpressedintermsofthenumberoflikelycatastrophesper10,000years,usuallyafractionofone.Thisprocessyieldsanestimateoftheriskoflossoflifeforeachplantorprocess.Thenextstageistoputamoneyvalueonit.

Theclassiceconomist’scalculationuseswhatiscalledthe“humancapital”approach.Thedeadpersonisvaluedasamachinewhowouldotherwisehaveproducedgoods.

Thiscallouscalculusmadenoallowanceforwhatmostpeoplewouldregardasthemaincostofalostlife-thepain,griefandsuffering.Thathasnowchanged,thankstoworkbyProfessorMichaelJones-LeeandhiscolleaguesatNewcastleUniversity.Theyaskedmembersofthepublicwhatriskstheywouldbepreparedtorunforwhatoverallrewards.Thisprocessyieldsestimatesofthesubjectivevalueoflives.Theanswerseemstocomeoutbetween£lmand£2m.

1.WhyisTBAIndustrialProductsabouttoreduceasbestoslevelsintheairattheirplant?

2.“Cancers”arehardertoassessthan“corpses”because.

3.Whatdoestheassessmentofthepotentialfor“catastrophes”relyon?

4.Thewritersuggeststhatthe“humancapital”approachis.

5.AtypicalquestionposedbyProfessorJones-Leeandhiscolleagueswouldhavebeen:

问题1选项

A.TocomplywithareportbytheOntarioRoyalCommission

B.BecausetheUnionisdemandingstrictersafetymeasures

C.BecausepresentlevelsareabovethosesetbytheHSE

D.Toimprovethequalityoftheirbrakelinings

问题2选项

A.thesafetymeasuresemployedvaryagreatdeal

B.Ttherearefarmoreofthem

C.Tthewealthofevidencehasnotyetbeenanalyzed

D.Iitisdifficulttotracethecauseofsomediseases

问题3选项

A.Ananalysisofafewpastdisasters.

B.Mathematicalprobabilitycalculations.

C.Acomparisonof“cancers”and“corpses”.

D.Reportsofacompany’scapital.

问题4选项

A.unreliableandrisky

B.invaluableandsubjective

C.tooroughandready

D.clinicalandinhumane

问题5选项

A.Howmuchdoyouthinkaperson’slifeisworth?

B.Wouldyousayyouenjoytakingrisksatwork?

C.Howmuchwouldyouworkinanasbestosfactoryfor?

D.Whatrewardwouldyouexpectforsavingsomeone'slife?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到公司计划减少工厂排放至空气中的石棉含量，即每毫升空气中纤维含量最多0.5，这是卫生安全局定下的范围（Thecompanyisjustinstitutingaprogrammetoreducetheasbestosintheairattheplanttoamaximum0.5fiberspermilliliterofair—thecontrollimitimposedbytheHealthandSafetyExecutiveirresponsible），因此可以推测目前的含量超过了这个范围，才会需要降低，因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第四段最后一句话提到这些致命的疾病可能要在多年后才出现，而其产生的原因和导致的结果之间的关系具有争议性（Thediseasesmaynotappearuntilyearsaftertheprocesswasfirstinitiated,andtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffectisoftencontroversial），因此选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第五段第四句话Theprobabilityofanaccidentisthenexpressedintermsofthenumberoflikelycatastrophesper10,000years,usuallyafractionofone可知选项B符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段第一句话Thiscallouscalculusmadenoallowanceforwhatmostpeoplewouldregardasthemaincostofalostlife-thepain,griefandsuffering中的callous（无情的，麻木的）可知人力资本方法是残忍的，选项D符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话Theanswerseemstocomeoutbetween£lmand£2m，可知回答的是某种事物的价格，因此选项A符合题意。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Unlesswegivepartofourselvesaway,unlesswecanlivewithotherpeopleandunderstandthemandhelpthem,wearemissingthemostessentialpartofourownhumanlives.Thereareasmanyroadstotheattainmentofwisdomandgoodnessastherearepeoplewhoundertaketowalkthem.Thereareasmanysolidtruthsonwhichwecanstandastherearepeoplewhocansearchthemoutandwhowillstandonthem.Thereareasmanyideasandidealsastherearemenofgoodwillwhowillholdthemintheirmindsandactthemintheirlives.

【答案】除非我们乐于奉献，除非我们能够与人们一起生活并帮助他们，否则我们的人生就失去了最重要的意义。世间有多少行路者，通往善良与智慧的途径就有多少。世间有多少真理，就有多少探索、坚持真理的人。有多少信念与理想，就有多少仁人志士在生活中奉行并实现它们。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

建设生态文明，是关系人民福祉、关于民族未来的长远大计。面对生态系统退化的严峻形势，我们必须树立尊重自然、保护自然的生态文明理念，把生态文明建设放在突出地位，融入经济建设、文化建设、社会建设各个方面和全过程，努力建设美丽中国，实现中华民族的永续发展。

【答案】Promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swellbeingandChina’sfuture.Facedwithadeterioratingecosystem,wemustraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespectandprotectnature.Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

8.单选题

IthinkKimwouldbegreatforthejob.Herworkrecordis（）.

问题1选项

A.impeccable

B.enriched

C.rudimentary

D.tarnished

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：我认为Kim可以胜任这份工作。她的工作记录是（）。

impeccable无瑕疵的，没有缺点的；enriched浓缩的，强化的；rudimentary基本的，残遗的

未发展的；tarnished生锈的，有污点的。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Becauseoftheirchemicalstructure,syntheticdyesgenerally（

）

moreslowlythannaturalones.

问题1选项

A.penetrate

B.evaporate

C.fade

D.secede

【答案】C

【解析】penetrate渗透,看透；evaporate蒸发,挥发；fade褪色；secede脱离,退出。句意：由于化学结构的原因,合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

The（）totheCollinsfortunewillbeamillionairewhenMr.Collinsdies.

问题1选项

A.winner

B.heir

C.descendant

D.peer

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。winner“胜利者”；heir“继承人”；descendant“后裔，子孙”;peer“贵族，同龄人”。根据whenMr.Collinsdies可知空格处是“继承人”，选项B符合题意。句意：柯林斯先生去世后，他的继承人将成为百万富翁。

11.翻译题

剽窃包括但不限于以下形式：为了完成学业所需要的论文，全部或部分抄袭他人的文章，不提原作者的名字；不经消化，也不顾是否符合自己的语言和风格，生搬硬套引用他人著作中的思想，同样是不提出处；巧妙地改写他人著作的某个章节，误导读者，伪装成自己的作品；未经任课老师同意，将同一篇论文用于多门课程；未经同意或授权，获取或使用同伴或他人的实际数据；更有甚者，为了验证所期待的实际结果，伪造或篡改实际数据。

【答案】Plagiarismincludesbutisnotlimitedtothefollowingforms:inordertofinishingtheacademic-neededpaper,inpartorinwholecopingothersthesiswithoutmentioningtheauthor’sname;regardlessofthelanguageandstyle,mechanicallycitingtheideaofotherpeople’spapersnotreferringtothesource;cleverlyadaptingthechapterofother’swritingtopassitastheirownanddeceivereaders;usingthesamepaperformorethanonecoursewithouttheadmissionoftheteacher;withoutconsentorauthorizing,acquiringorusingthecompanionother’sfactualdate;moreover,forgingortemperingthedatetoverifyingtheexpectedresult.

12.单选题

We’llbeverycarefulandkeepwhatyou’vetoldusstrictly（

）.

问题1选项

A.rigorous

B.private

C.confidential

D.mysterious

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们会非常谨慎，并会严格保密你告诉我们的话。

考查形容词辨析。Rigorous严格的,严厉的;private私人的,个人的;confidential机密的,保密的,秘密的;mysterious神秘的,奇怪的,不易解释的。分析题干可知此处表示“应该保密”,故选C。

13.单选题

Theheatinsummerisnoless（

）hereinthismountainregion.

问题1选项

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。concentrated意为“集中的”；extensive意为“广泛的”；intense意为“激烈的，强烈的，非常的”；intensive意为“加强的，集中的”。

句意：这个山区夏天的酷热也同样强烈。

14.单选题

Themayorcalledtogetherallhisstaffmembersandannouncedthatthefreshlyappointeddirectorofgeneralaffairswas（）hisex-wife’sson.

问题1选项

A.nobodyotherthan

B.nothingotherthan

C.noneotherthan

D.nototherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。noneotherthan意为“不是别的而正是…”。句意：市长召集了他所有的职员，宣布新任命的总干事不是别人，正是他前妻的儿子。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey.SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2001,whichappearedin1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking.

Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargestbudgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,muchofthemovie’spowerandappealwasachievedthroughrelativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscorewhichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassicalcompositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopicvisualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic.

After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanyingshortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinarycontrolsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmsweremadearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,includingSurvivorsandChronicles.

Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswasdifferent.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesinspaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,StarWarspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthanaggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedtosimulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessoftheuniversewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby2001.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,mostofsciencefictionfilmsreleasedinthe1970swere（

）.

2.Thethemeofthemajorityofsciencefictionfilmsmadebetween1970and1977was

（

）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,whywas2001successful?

4.Whatdoestheauthormostobjecttointhesciencefictionmoviesofthe1970s?

问题1选项

A.betterthan2001:ASpaceOdyssey

B.Notasgoodas2001:ASpaceOdyssey

C.almostthesameasStarWars

D.betterthanStarWars

问题2选项

A.spacetravel

B.lifeonotherplanets

C.ecologicalproblemsonearth

D.warsbetweentheearthandotherplanets

问题3选项

A.Becauseitsbudgetwaslarge.

B.Becauseitscameraworkandmusicalscorewereblendedartistically.

C.Becauseitsplotwasrepetitive.

D.Becauseitssymbolismwasverygood.

问题4选项

A.Heobjectstotheircamerawork.

B.Hedoesnotliketheirmusic.

C.Hebelievesthattheirstoriesaretoomuchalike.

D.Hecriticizestheirspecialeffects.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，大部分70年代上映的科幻电影……”。文章第一段第一句提到“不幸的是20世纪70年代大大部分科幻电影很少受《2001太空漫游》的影响”（Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey）；第一段最后一句提到“在接下来的十年里，所有上映的科幻电影都被拿来与2001做比较，但是除了少数几部电影外，其他的都不怎么样”（Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking），由此可知，其他的电影不如2001:ASpaceOdyssey，选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“大部分1979年到1977年间的科幻电影主题是……”。文章第三段第一句提到“在《2001太空漫游》之后，科幻电影的主题从太空旅行转移到因人类对自然环境管理不善和极权主义国家对技术的滥用而导致的地球问题上”（After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate），所以选项C“地球生态问题”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么2001会成功，作者的观点是什么”。文章第二段提到“引人入胜的摄影工作被编辑来响应起伏的音乐”（Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic），选项B“因为它的摄影工作与音乐是艺术的融合”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“对于20世纪70年代的科幻电影，作者反对的是……”。文章第三段提到1970到1977年间29部电影围绕着同一个主题；最后一段提到“在这位影评家看来，直到1977年《星球大战》上映之前，科幻电影或多或少出现一系列重复情节”（Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots），选项C“作者认为它们的故事情节有太多相似之处”符合题意。

16.单选题

Anexplosionisreallyasuddenincreaseinvolume______.

问题1选项

A.causedbyrapidburning

B.andcausebyrapidburning

C.causingitsburningtoberapid

D.rapidburningcausesit

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法和句意。A项用cause的被动语态连接原因，作为后置定语修饰volume符合题意；根据题干与选项我们可以知道爆炸中的巨大声响是由快速燃烧引起的，所以不能选择C项；B项是被动语态，cause应该用过去分词，故排除；D项是一个完整的表示原因的从句，但是缺少连接词，所以不对。句意：爆炸实际上是由快速燃烧引起的体积的突然增加。因此，该题正确答案为A。

17.单选题

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

问题1选项

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项asaresult“结果”；B选项considering“考虑到……”；C选项whatever“无论什么，不管怎样”；D选项onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物体，不论其独特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化学和物理特性。根据句意，可以看出C选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Thesenationalparksareveryimportantforpreservingmanyanimals,whowould（）runtheriskofbecomingextinct.

问题1选项

A.instead

B.nevertheless

C.therefore

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项instead“代替；反而；相反”；B选项nevertheless“然而，不过”；C选项therefore“因此；所以”；D选项otherwise“否则；另外”。句意：这些国家公园对保护许多动物非常重要，否则这些动物将面临灭绝的危险。前后部分为转折关系，因此D项正确。

19.单选题

Thegovernmentwillprosecutethoseindividualswhounlawfullypossess（）material.

问题1选项

A.classified

B.bizarre

C.personal

D.legitimate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。classified“分类的；机密的”；bizarre“奇异的”；personal“个人的”；legitimate“合法的”；句意：政府将起诉那些非法占有……材料的个人。因此A选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Asasalesman,heworksona(n)（）basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.

问题1选项

A.income

B.commission

C.salary

D.pension

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。根据下半句句意：从他销售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推断，填空处应该指佣金，所以选项B正确。pension指退休金，抚恤金。

21.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.ToX-rayhischest.

B.Tohospitalizehim.

C.Toperformaminorsurgery.

D.Totransferhimtoaspecialist.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whathappened?

M:Iwasinafightandgotmyheadhurt.

W:Wereyouknockedout?

M:No.

W:IwantyoutogoforanX-ray.Andcomebacktome.You’llneedsomestitchesforthatwound.

Q:Whatisthedoctorgoingtodofortheman?

【解析】细节题。医生告诉男士先去做X光，回来后伤口需要缝针。

22.单选题

Frankstormedintotheroomand（）thedoor,butitwasn’tthateasytoclosethedooronwhatJackhadsaid.

问题1选项

A.slashed

B.slammed

C.slipped

D.slapped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项slashed“削减”；B选项slammed“砰地关上，猛烈抨击”；C选项slipped“滑动”；D选项slapped“侮辱，拍击，掴……耳光”。句意：弗兰克冲进房间，_____的一声关上了门，但要把杰克说的话关起来可不容易。这里是“砰的一声把门关上的意思”，只有B选项可以表达这个意思，B选项符合题意。

23.单选题

Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Therapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforests,whicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarth,hasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth’secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.

Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only0.1percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.

However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt-timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionsthereductionofthevarietyofspeciesonEarthinline10tosuggestthat（

）.

3.Theauthormentionstheextinctionofthedinosaursinthesecondparagraphtoemphasizethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,naturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangescausedbyhumansinthatchangescausedbyhumans（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Thecausesoftheextinctionofthedinosaur

B.Thevarietyofspeciesfoundintropicalrainforests.

C.TheimpactofhumanactivitiesonEarth’secosystems

D.Thetimerequiredforspeciestoadapttonewenvironments.

问题2选项

A.newhabitatscanbecreatedforspecies

B.humansareoftenmadeillbypollutedwater

C.somespecieshavebeenmadeextinctbyhumanactivity

D.anunderstandingofevolutioncanpreventcertainspeciesfromdisappearing.

问题3选项

A.thecauseofthedinosaurs’extinctionisunknown

B.Earth’sclimatehaschangedsignificantlysincethedinosaurs’extinction.

C.notallmassextinctionshavebeencausedbyhumanactivity

D.actionsbyhumanscouldnotstoptheirreversibleprocessofaspecies’extinction

问题4选项

A.areoccurringatamuchfasterrate

B.arelessdevastatingtomostspecies

C.affectfewerecosystems

D.arereversible

问题5选项

A.Humaninfluenceonecosystemsshouldnotbeafactorindeterminingpublicpolicy

B.Theextinctionofafewspeciesisanacceptableconsequenceofhumanprogress.

C.Technologywillprovidesolutionstoproblemscausedbythedestructionofecosystems.

D.Humansshouldbemoreconsciousoftheinfluencetheyhaveonecosystems.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章提到了由于人类的活动导致一些动物灭绝，导致各种污染，严重破坏了地球生态系统。文章最后一段However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及毁坏环境的速度和程度已经超过了一切其他事物。选项C“人类活动对地球生态系统的影响”符合题意。

2.文章第一段Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste提到人类正通过其他活动来破坏海洋生态系统，比如有毒垃圾的排放，可知由于人类的活动导致很多动物灭绝。选项C符合题意。

3.文章第二段第一句Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred提到有些动物的灭绝是地球历史进程中的结果。紧接着这用恐龙灭绝来佐证这个观点。选项C“不是所有动物的灭绝都是人类行为导致的”符合题意。

4.文章最后一段提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及破坏地球的速度比任何事物都快，并且事实上即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身。选项A符合题意。

5.文章第一段提到生物多样性已经成为一个公认的严重环保问题（Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades），文章最后也提到事实上有一种广泛的共识就是即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身（Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves），根据以上这些可推断人类应该更加意识到自己行为对生态系统的影响作用。选项D符合题意。

24.单选题

Thefirstpartofthispaperisthe______review.

问题1选项

A.literature

B.field

C.study

D.phenomenon

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项literature“文学，文学作品（literaturereview文献综述）”；B选项field“田，地，牧场”；C选项study“学习，研究”；D选项phenomenon“现象”。句意：本文的第一部分是______。根据语境，这里的paper指的是论文，结合词组literaturereview，A选项literature符合题意。因此A选项正确。

25.单选题

BesidesthoseIhavenamed,therewasnotinBritainthemanlivingwhomI（）,unlessitweretheDukeofWellington,whomIafterwardssawatWestminsterAbbey,atthefuneralofWilberforce.

问题1选项

A.caredforbeholding

B.caredtobehold

C.caredtobebeheld

D.caredforbeingbeheld

【答案】B

【解析】语法和固定搭配。caretodosth.“想做某事，愿意做某事”;carefor“关心，喜欢”；behold“看，看见”。根据句子结构，可知空格中应该填入定语从句的谓语，先行词为theman，关系代词为whom，theman和behold之间是主动关系，选项C和D可排除。句意：除了我所提到的那些人以外，在英国没有一个活着的人是我所愿意见到的，除非是Wellington,公爵，我后来在威伯福斯的葬礼上在威斯敏斯特大教堂见到了他。选项B符合题意。

26.问答题

Amongtheprincipalchallengestosustainedgrowthofinternationaleconomicrelationsisthe

A

risenprotectionism,especiallyinnewandvirulentformsthatthreatenthealwaysfragilegrowth

B