考研考博-英语-云南工商学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南工商学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Economistssaidthattheirsmoothgrowththisyearwassuspiciousbecausetheywereso（

）othereconomicindicators.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.inexcessof

C.atoddswith

D.inproportionto

【答案】C

【解析】考察介词辨析。inlinewith符合，与……一致；inexcessof超过，较……为多；atoddswith与……不一致，差异；inproportionto成比例。句意：经济学家们说今年的经济平稳增长是可疑的，因为今年的经济发展与其他经济指数存在很大的差异。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."

2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.

3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.

4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.

5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.

6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.

7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.

8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.

9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.

10.Inotherwords,thepoetsandbardswerefightaboutonething.Theheartspeaksthelanguageoflove.AsEnglishpoetW.H.Audenwrote:"Whereloveisstrengthened,hoperestored,inheartsbychemicalaccord.Itmaynotliterallyskipabeatatthesightofone'sdesireorbreakwithsorrow,buttheheart'srhythmsareexquisitelytunedtolove."

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrompassageaboutelephantseals?

2.Thedifferentloveritualsemployedbymenandwomencouldbeattributedtothepresenceofwhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebestanalogytothevagusnervedescribedinParagraph8?

4.Animalsequippedonlywith"old"vaguscanNOTdowhichofthefollowing?

5.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thefemalesareirresponsiblemothers.

B.Theiryoungtakelesstimetogrowupthanyoungelephants.

C.Theyhaveashorterlifespanthanelephants.

D.Theyreproducemorerapidlythanelephant.

问题2选项

A.Oxytocin.

B.Vasopressin.

C.Interactionofoxytocinandvasepressin.

D.Stresshormones.

问题3选项

A.Ahighwaybetweentwocites.

B.Airrouteslinkingmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.

C.TheWorldWideWeb.

D.CircuitslinkingtheCPUandtheaccessoriesinthecomputer.

问题4选项

A.Feelhungry.

B.Experiencefear.

C.Feelsexualarousal.

D.Faciallyexpressemotions.

问题5选项

A.indicatethatpoetsandbardsaremostcapableofexpressinglove

B.implythatloveisexpressedthroughtheheartratherthroughthefaceorthevoice

C.givesupporttothestatementthatnewerbranchesofvagusconnecttheemotionalbraincenterstotheheart,thefaceandthevocalequipment

D.drawaconclusionbasedonthefactsinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的elephantseals可定位到文章第三段中，由Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.（一只海象在抛弃它的幼仔之前只给它喂奶了几个星期；其他物种，包括大象、一些灵长类动物，特别是人类，多年来一直在关注他们的幼仔）可知B选项“海象的幼仔比小象花更少的时间长大”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第七段中的CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.（Carter和DeVries怀疑压力荷尔蒙会干扰大脑中的后叶催产素，阻止雌性田鼠与雄性结合，可能同样导致大多数女性认为危险并不具有性吸引力。相反，后叶加压素与压力荷尔蒙则产生不同的效果，可能促使多数男性认为危险具有性吸引力）可知压力荷尔蒙与不同的激素结合，在男性和女性身上会产生不同的效果，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。题干：以下哪项可能是第8段所述迷走神经的最佳类比？

由文章第八段中的Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.（迷走神经在内脏和大脑之间传递信号，将身体内部状态向上传递给大脑，再将大脑指令传递给心脏、胃、肺以及性器官）可知D选项“连接CPU和计算机附件的电路”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第九段中的Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.（迷走神经的一部分从人类进化初期就出现，控制着性、饥饿和恐惧等原始功能）可知迷走神经不包括面部表情，因此选D。

5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句Inotherwords（换句话说）可知本段是对上一段的内容进行补充说明，由第九段最后一句ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.（但Porges认为，在哺乳动物中，迷走神经的新分支也连接大脑情感中心与心脏、脸部、发声器官、帮助协调感觉与面部和语言表达）可知C选项“支持一种说法，即迷走神经的新分支将大脑情感中心与心脏、面部和发声器官连接起来”符合题意。

3.翻译题

In1924,aMexicanphilosopherwroteabookdreamingofthepossibilitythat,inthefuture,allracesontheplanetwouldmergeintoonetypeofman.ThisofmanisbeingborneinLosAngeles,intheculturalsenseifnottheanthropological(a.人类学的)sense.Avastmosaic(n.拼盘)ofdifferentraces,cultures,religions,andmoralhabitsareworkingtowardonecommonaim.Fromtheperspectiveofaworldsubmergedinreligious,ethnic,andracialconflict,thisharmoniouscooperationissomethingunbelievable.Itistrulystriking.

Whatiscommonaimthatharmonizescompetingculturesinoneplace?

Itisnotonlythebetterlivingstandard.WhatattractsimmigrantstoAmericaistheessentialcharacteristicofAmericanculture:thechancetotry.Thereisacombinationoftwothingsthatareimportant:cultureandspace.Thecultureallowsyoutotrytobesomebody——tofindyourself,yourplace,yourstatus.Andthereisspacenotonlyinageographicalsense,butinthesenseofopportunity,ofsocialmobility.Insocietiesthatareincrisisorarestagnant(a.停滞的)——orevenarestable——thereisnochancetotry.

IftheimmigranttoAmericaatfirstfails,healwaysthinks,“Iwilltryagain.”Ifhehadfailedintheoldsociety,hewouldbediscouragedandpessimistic,acceptingtheplacethatwasgiventohim.InAmerica,he’sthinking,“Iwillhaveanotherchance,Iwilltryagain.”Thatkeepshimgoing.He'sfullofhope.

【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲学家在他的一本著作中，梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上，即便不是在人种的意义上，这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突，从这个角度来看，这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。也的确令人瞩目。

使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢？

目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国文化的主要特性：有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。文化使你得想办法出人头地——去发现自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间，不仅仅是地理意义上的空间，更是指机会，指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中，在停滞不前的社会中——甚至在那些稳定的社会中——没有尝试的机会。

如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败，他总是想：“我要再试一下”。如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败，他就会失去信心，变得悲观失望，接受自己所处的地位。在美国，他想的是：“我还会有机会，我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。

4.单选题

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

问题1选项

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项takeintoaccount“考虑、顾及”；B选项accountfor“说明、解释”；C选项makeupfor“补偿、填补”；D选项makeout“理解、辨认”，句意为：我想知道他在当地其他农民和商人中的声望，然后决定是否批准贷款。D选项符合句意，因此选D。

5.单选题

Revolutionsareoftencausedwhenthelegitimacyofagovernmentisquestionedbythepeople.

问题1选项

A.validity

B.effectiveness

C.bureaucracy

D.prejudice

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当政府的……受到人民的质疑时，革命事件就会爆发。validity“（法律上的）有效，合法性”；effectiveness“有效”；bureaucracy“官僚主义"；prejudice“偏见”。根据“ofagovernment”可以推测出划线单词的意思是“合法性”，选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Theperformanceofthisreasonablypricedrecordplayeris（）inqualitytothatofsomemoreexpensivehi-fisets.

问题1选项

A.comparable

B.compared

C.parallel

D.alike

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项comparable“可比较的，同等的，相当的”例如：Nohorsehasaspeedcomparabletothatofhis。（没有一匹马的速度能比得上他的马。）B选项compared“比较的，对照的”例如：Happinessistobefelt,nottobecompared.（幸福，是用来感觉的，而不是用来比较的。）C选项parallel“平行的，类似的”例如：Theroadrunsparalleltotheriver.（这条路和这条河是平行的。）；D选项alike“相似的；相像的”例如：MysisterandIdonotlookalike.（我和我妹妹外貌不相像。）句意：这部定价合理的录音机在性能上可与那些昂贵的高保真音响设备相比。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

7.单选题

Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforthepositionintheuniversity____.

问题1选项

A.hasbeenaccepted

B.havebeenaccepted

C.wasaccepted

D.wereaccepted

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.hasbeenaccepted已经被录取B.havebeenaccepted已经被录取

C.wasaccepted被录取D.wereaccepted被录取

【答案】C

【考查点】主谓一致与时态一致

【解题思路】本句主语为neitheroftheyoungmen，neither做主语时谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，但是用单数更正式，单选题中单复数同时出现，选择单数形式为最佳；另外，原文中定语从句部分使用了过去完成时（hadapplied），因此主句部分也应使用一个过去的时态，通常是一般过去时。因此，C选项wasaccepted“被录取”符合要求。

【干扰项排除】

A选项hasbeenaccepted时态不对，现在完成时是表示现在的时态；

B选项havebeenaccepted，复数没有单数合适，时态也不对；

D选项wereaccepted，复数没有单数合适。

【句意】两个申请这个大学的职位的年轻人都没有被录取。

8.单选题

We______soasnottowakethechild.

问题1选项

A.whispered

B.moaned

C.grunted

D.muttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项whispered“低声地说”；B选项moaned“呻吟”；C选项grunted“咕哝着说”；D选项muttered“喃喃自语”。句意：我们低声说话，以免吵醒孩子。本句表示低声说话。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Workingfarawayfromhishome,hehadto（

）fromOxfordtoLondoneveryday.

问题1选项

A.commute

B.wander

C.ramble

D.motion

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项commute“通勤，往返于”；B选项wander“徘徊，漫步”；C选项ramble“闲逛”；D选项motion“运动”。句意：他在离家很远的地方工作，每天不得不往返于牛津和伦敦之间。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Intoday’sfreneticworkplace,wheredistractionsareconstantandcompetitionisoftenfierce,stresshasneverbeenhigher.Frompanicattacksandanxietytopoorsleep,acidreflux,highbloodpressureandstrokes,stressiscausingourbodiestomentallyandphysicallyshutdown,accordingtoDr.TaraSwart,neuroscientistandco-authorof“NeuroscienceforLeadership”.

Insteadoftellinguswhatweshouldn’tbedoing,Swarthasnotedafewtelltalesignsweneedtowatchoutfor,signsthatwe’relettingstressgettous.Someofthephysicalsignsincludefatigue,muscularachesandpains,andfluandcoldsthatarelingeringlonger—asignthatstressisstartingtoerodeyourimmunesystem,shesaid.（1）Otherphysicalsymptomsincludeproblemsrelatedtothegutandlimbicsystemofthebrain—thingslikeheartburn,refluxandirritablebowelsyndromecanbesignsofstressaswell.Sometimes,stresscansendusspiralingintosurvivalmode,asSwartcallsit.

（2）

Beingirritableandmoodyarealsosignsthatstressisgettingtous.

（3）

Aerobicexercisehelps,saysSwart,asitreleasesendorphins(内啡肽)andreducesourcortisol(皮质醇)levels.Butother,lessphysicallydemandingstepsneedtobealsotaken：talkingtofriendorpsychologist,gettingadequatesleep,stayingwell-hydratedandpracticingsometypeofmindfulnesswillallhelpreduceourstress,shesaid.

（4）

FromOprahWinfreytoRupertMurdochandAriannaHuffingtontoRussellSimmons,itseemsthesehigh-achievingindividualsknowathingortwoabouthowtocopewithstress.MichaelChaskalson,founderandCEOofMindfulnessWorksandauthorofMindfulnessin8Weeks'1,coachesseniorpeopleinmindfulnessskillstobettermanagepressuresofwork.Indoingso,heclaimshisclientsbecomemoreemotionallyalert,moreempathicandtheyhavehigherlevelsofconcentrationandcreativity.

（5）

Withtherightapproach,walking,evenrunning(inamindfulway),staringoutthewindow,justtakingabreak,willhelpleadersnotonlyperformbetter,butthere’sevidencethatitwillimproveanorganization’soverallhealthandeffectiveness.

问题1选项

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

问题2选项

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

问题3选项

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

问题4选项

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

问题5选项

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

【答案】第1题:F

第2题:B

第3题:E

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.联系上下文。本题空格后的“otherphysicalsymptoms”提示之前要填的内容也是某种生理症状，即可得出本题答案。

2.本空所在的段落主要大意为：压力大时人体出现的症状或反应。另外，空格后是关于情绪反应方面的内容，所以应填入的内容肯定与其相关，从而得出本题答案。

3.本题所在的段落主要内容：应对压力的方法。空格处为本段主题句。选项E与本段意思相符，从而得出本题答案。

4.空处后面一句列举了名流名人的例子来说明名人减压的方法。从而得出本题答案。

5.空白处下文中用到了“even”一词，意在说明简单易行的运动照样可以减压，没有必要采取一些高大上的方法。从而得出本题答案。

11.单选题

Inthe1950s,manypeoplebelievedthatthemoretheyproducedandconsumed,（）.

问题1选项

A.theywerethemoreaffluent

B.themoreaffluenttheywere

C.weretheyaffluent

D.theywereaffluent

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在20世纪50年代，许多人认为他们生产和消费的越多，他们就越富裕。themore...,themore...句型表示“越……，就越……”，排除C，D。该句型中主句应把被强调部分themoreaffluent提前，排除A。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Inthedarkness,Icouldhearwindows______.Thisfollowedbyscreams,shoutingandlaughter.

问题1选项

A.beingopened

B.tobeopened

C.havingopened

D.opening

【答案】A

【解析】考查hear的用法和语态。Hear后面一般接动词原形或者现在分词，因此排除B项；根据句意，窗户应该是正在被打开，所以排除C项和D项，只有A项符合句意。句意：在黑暗中，我能听到窗户被打开的声音；接着是尖叫声、喊叫和笑声。因此A项正确。

13.单选题

Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,Ibelievewecanachieveourgoal（

）.

问题1选项

A.inthelongrun

B.inthefirstplace

C.onthewhole

D.atleast

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。inthelongrun“从长远来看；最终”；inthefirstplace“首先;起初”；onthewhole“基本上；就全体而论”；atleast“至少”。句意：只要我们不失去信心，那么我相信我们最终可以达成我们的目标。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Astheworld’slargestgrainexporter,theUnitedStateshas（

）powerovertheworldfooddistributionsystem.

问题1选项

A.assorted

B.unrivaled

C.compounded

D.intrigued

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Assorted“各种各样的”；unrivaled“至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded“复合的,”intrigued“好奇的，被迷住的”。句意：美国作为世界上最大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

ThePsychologyofWarrantiesProtectionRacket

Ifextendedguaranteesareoverpriced,whyaretheysopopular?

CUSTOMERStendtoagoniseovertherelativemeritsofdifferentmodelsofelectronicgoodssuchasdigitalcamerasorplasmatelevisions.Butwhentheygettothetill,manyspendfreelyonsomethingtheybarelythinkaboutatall:anextendedwarranty,whichisoftenmoreprofitabletotheretailerthanthedeviceitcovers.

Shopperstypicallypay10%-50%ofthecostofaproducttoinsureitbeyondthetermcoveredbythemanufacturer’sguarantee.（1）Yetproductsrarelybreakwithintheperiodcovered,andrepairstendtocostnomorethanthewarrantyitself.（2）

Sowhy,asksapaperpublishedintheDecemberissueoftheJournalofConsumerResearch,somanyconsumersstillbuyextendedwarranties?Theauthors—TaoChenoftheUniversityofMaryland,AjayKalraofRiceUniversityandBaohongSunofCarnegieMellonUniversity—examinedpurchasedatafromabigelectronicsretailerforover600householdsfromNovember2003toOctober2004.

（3

）Ifacustomerisabouttobuysomethingfun(i.e.,aplasmatelevisionratherthanavacuumcleaner),hewillbemoreinclinedtosplashoutonextrainsurance.Thisisbecauseconsumersvalue“hedonic”itemsoverutilitarianones,regardlessoftheactualpricetag.（4

）Thestudyalsofoundthatpoorerconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“potentiallyunnecessaryandoverpricedinsurance”,becausetheyaremoreworriedabouttheexpenseofreplacingaproductifitbreaks.

（5）Butalthoughmostpoliciesgounused,headmitsthattheemotionaltranquilitythatcomeswithbuyinganewwarrantyisnotinitselfwithoutvalue,evenif“rationally,itdoesn’tmakesense”.

问题1选项

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

问题2选项

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

问题3选项

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

问题4选项

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

问题5选项

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:G

第3题:E

第4题:A

第5题:F

【解析】1.根据上下文，空格前提到人们通常会支付一部分钱来延长保险期使其超过制造商的保修期，空格后提到维修费用不会超过保证书承诺的额度，选项B中theterm和上文形成照应，对上文提到的制造商担保的保修期进行了进一步解释。句意：保险协议的条款各不相同（通常有很多细则），但他们通常承诺在一到四年里可以修复或更换有故障的设备，选项B符合题意。

2.根据上下文，空格处是第三段的最后一句，选项G是上文所描述的情况的结果，也就是保单之诈带来的结果，使保单业务利润惊人，而且本句也有点题的作用。选项G符合题意。

3.

根据上下文，空格上一段的开头sowhy提出疑问，为什么有如此多的人还要购买保单呢？紧接着提到了一系列的调查数据，可推断空格应该是一个结果的呈现。选项E中theyconcludedthat说明是调查的结果，句意：他们总结道：购买保修单的决定在很大程度上与购物者的心情有关。选项E符合题意。

4.根据上下文，空格上一句提到，重视享乐的人们更倾向于在保险上花钱，而不顾产品真实的价格标签。选项A中thisisespeciallytrue对这个现象进行了进一步的解释，存在顺承关系。选项A符合题意。

5.根据空格后一句中headmits，可知空格中应该会出现一个人物，选项F提到了Mr.Kalra这个人名，并且空格后but表明转折关系，将会提到和下文完全相反的情况，选项F提到保单受欢迎的程度从逻辑上说应该取决于产品出故障的可能性，空格后提到保单从理性上讲并没有意义。前后形成对比转折。选项F符合题意。

16.单选题

Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged（1）overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespecially,increasedattentionhasbeendevotedto（2）thereadingprocess.（3）specialistsagreethatreading（4）acomplexorganizationofhighermental（5）,theydisagree（6）theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,（7）readingassimplythedec