细胞生物学-期末题目汇总wder

中山大学生科细胞生物学期末试(九九级生物科学、生物技术、药学专业,167人任课教师2002123姓名 班级—二三四五六 一、填空题(0.5分10分参与的导肽的数 ，另一 TheflowofelectronsacrosstheinnermembranegeneratesapHgradientandamembranepotential,whichtogetherexert 2001年生理学与医学奖授予了科学家利兰·特韦尔和英国科 是 ;蒂莫西的贡是.当核编码的线粒体蛋白进入线粒体时,需要 理 包被小泡介导的是选择性分泌，而被小泡介导的是非选择性分泌在细胞中,微管的作 微丝的作用 Bip 能 被小泡。 小泡转运到质膜上。 Plantshavechloroplastsandthereforecanlivewithout Duetothemanyspecializedtransportproteinsintheinnerandoutemembranes,theintermembranespaceandthematrixspacearechemicallyequivalenttothecytosolwithrespecttosmall 在减数过程中,间发生的分子重组是随机发生的 同一不同组织的细胞中,核仁的大小和数目都有很大的变化,这种变化和细胞中蛋白质合成的旺盛程度有关。 从胞质溶胶中进来的。 叶绿体的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶是由16个亚基组成的聚合体其中8个大亚基是核编码的。 微管蛋白异二聚体的α和β两个亚基都能同GTP结合,亲 联管的形式存在。 由中间纤维结合蛋白(intermediatefilament-associatedprotein,IFAPs)将中间纤维相互交联成束状的结构称作张力丝。 .M6P受体蛋白是高尔基体网络上特有的受体蛋白,主酶的作用。 理，只是从一个部位转运到另一个部位。 导肽是游离核糖体上合成的新生肽的N-端一段氨基酸序列其组成特点是有较多的碱性氨基酸、基本不含酸性氨基酸,具有形成两α螺旋的倾向。 将同步生长的M期细胞与同步生长的S期细胞融合,除了见到正常的外,还可见到细线状的。 三、选择题(请将正确答案的代号填入括号，每题1分，共15分Whatdoomeresdo? TheyprotectthechromsomesfromdegradationTheypreventtheendsofchromosomesfromfusingwithoneanother.TheyarerequiredforcompletechromosomalalloftheIfyoutreatedcellswithadrugthatinterfereswithmicrotubules,suchascolchicine,which thefollowingwouldresult? CellshapewouldbeMitosisandmeiosiswouldnotTheintracellularlocationoforganelleswouldbeAlloftheabovewouldWhichtypeofvesicleofthetransGolginetworkwouldbemostlikelytocarryhormonesdestinedforregulated clathrin-coatednon-clathrin-coatedalloftheIfyoucomparedtheproteinsinacisGolgicompartmentwiththoseinatransGolgicompartment,youwouldfind: theproteinsinthetwocompartmentsaretheproteinsintheciscompartmentareglycosylatedandcontainmodifiedaminoacids,whereasthoseinthetranscompartmentarenotmodified.theproteinsintheciscompartmentareglycosylated,whereasthoseinthetranscompartmentareglycosylatedandcontainmodifiedaminoacids.theproteinsoftheciscompartmentareshorterthanthoseofthetransWhichofthefollowingexplainswhymicrosomescan'tbeseenincellsviewedwiththeelectronmicroscope? TheyarefartooTheyareartifactsofhomogenizationandTheyaretransparenttoTheyactuallycanbeseeninelectronmicrographsWhichofthefollowingproteinswouldnotbefoundintheendoplasmic Ca2+-pumcytochromeglucose6-signalTheobservationthatisolatedF1particleshaveATPaseactivitysuggeststhat( ElectrontransportrequiresenergyderivedfromATPThenormalenzymaticactivityoftheparticleisTheseparticleshavebeenirreversiblyElectrontransportisstillWhichcelltypeislikelytohavethemost fast-twitch b.slow-twitchc.liver d.adipose下列哪项代表了结构中由最低至最高的压缩过程 核小体——30nm纤维——超螺旋环——有丝中核小体——超螺旋环——30nm纤维——有丝中核小体——30nm纤维——有丝中的——超d.有丝中的——30nm纤维——超螺旋环——用剧烈方法分离到的叶绿体是Ⅱ型叶绿体不能 )产生 b.不能合成c.不能产生 d.不能固定参与胞质的分子发是( c.肌球蛋白 d.肌钙蛋I-细胞病是由于缺乏 )所致 c.ATP酶; d.磷酸二酯酶。ARFG蛋白,它有一个GTP/GDP结合位点,当结合有GDP时,没有活性。若ARF-GDP同 )结合,可引起GDPGTP的交换 b.GTP酶激活蛋白; 工脂的小泡中,下列四种物质中那一种是最合适的 细胞色素 b.细胞色素 d.细胞色素c若在显微镜下观察到的某细胞具有核仁,并且核物质与细胞质的界限清晰,则 四、简答题(4题，每题5分，20分Dynamicinstabilitycausesmicrotubuleseithertogrowortoshrinkrapidly.ConsideranindividualmicrotubulethatisinitsshrinkingWhatwouldhappenifonlyGDP,butnoGTP,werepresentinthesolution?Whatwouldhappenifthesolutioncontainedan ogueofGTPthatcannotbeHowdoesregulatedsecretiondifferfromconstitutiveConsideraproteinthatcontainsanERsignalsequenceatitsaminoterminusandanuclearlocalizationsequenceinitsmiddle.Whatdoyouthinkthefateofthisproteinwouldbe?Explainyour过氧化物酶体是怎样进行氧浓度调节的?有什么意义五、看图描述(10分，共20分根据对白机制的研究及相关蛋白的发现,提出了,请对这一模型作出文字说明(PCC1:Rannucleotide-exchangefactor1)。测模

2.MPF的活性调六、综合题(20分生物膜是怎样合成的?可能的机理是什么七、附加题（只能选做15分题分析思考（5分物质。由于细胞中核糖体的数量巨大，组成核糖体rRNA的rRNA运送到胞质溶胶中，在那里进行核糖体的装配和蛋2.（5分）Considerthev-SNAREsthatdirecttransportvesiclesfromthetransGolginetworktotheplasmamembrane.They,likeallotherv-SNAREs,aremembraneproteinsthatareintegratedintothemembraneoftheERduringtheirbiosynthesisandarethentransportedbytransportvesiclestotheirdestination.Thus,transportvesiclesbuddingfromtheERcontainatleasttwokindsofv-SNAREs--thosethattargetthevesiclestothecisGolgicisternaeandthosethatareintransittothetransGolginetworktobepackagedindifferenttransportvesiclesdestinedfortheplasmamembrane.(A)Whymightthisbeaproblem?(B)Suggestpossiblewaysinwhichthecellmightsolveit.3（10分。Specializationofmembranesisacharacteristicofmammaliancells.Whatarethemechanismsbywhichtheapicalandbasolateralsurfacesofcertaincells edifferentiated?4.(5分)Manymutantyeastshavebeenisolatedthataredefectiveinthecontroloftheircellcycle.Theyproliferatenormallyatlowtemperatures(300C)butshowabnormalpatternsofcellgrowthanddivisionwhengrownatahighertemperature(370C).Twomutantstrains(called"gee"and“wee")withdefectsatdifferentsitesinthesamegenehaveverydifferentresponsestoelevatedtemperature.Geestraincellsgrowuntilthey eenormousbutnolongerdivide.Weestraincellshaveveryshortcellcyclesanddividewhentheyareverymuchsmallerthanusual.Suggestapossiblemodeltoexplaintheseobservations,andsuggestwhatthenormalproteinencodedbythisgenemightdo.中山大学生科细胞生物学期末试任课教师∶王金200216姓名 班级—二三四五六七八总一、填空题(每空0.5分，共10 的腔中被被修饰。分泌蛋白通过并形成 进行转运。有两种类型的包被小泡，一种 ，它介导 的运输；另一种是小泡，它介导 的。低密度的脂蛋白通过其表面的 染色质由DNA包装成压缩了8400倍，其中压缩率最高的是 ， 倍2002年的生理学/医学奖颁给了两位英国科学家和一位科学家，以 二、判断题(正确的标T，错误的标F,或写出必要的答案，共15IndicatewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheG1phaseofthecellcycle,theSphase,theG2phase,ortheMphase.Agivenstatementmaybetrueofany,all,ornoneofthephases.（0.55分）TheamountofnuclearDNAinthecellThenuclearenvelopebreaksintoSisterchromatidsseparatefromeachCellsthatwillneverdivideagainarelikelytobearrestedinthisTheprimarycellwallofaplantcellChromosomesarepresentasdiffuse,extendedThisphaseispartofMitoticcydinisatitslowestACdkproteinispresentintheAcellcyclecheckpointhasbeenidentifiedinthis同一不同组织的细胞中,核仁的大小和数目都有很大的变化,这种变化和 将同步生长的M期细胞与同步生长的S期细胞融合,除了见到正常的外,还可见到细线状的。( 体降解，从而退出M期。( 同源异型框是一类同源异型表达产物中60个氨基酸的保守序列,它的突 叶绿体的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶是由16个亚基组成的聚合体,其中8个大亚基是 三、选择题(请将正确答案的代号填入括号，每题1分，共15Ethylalcoholisdetoxifiedintheliver.Youwouldexpectalcoholtohavewhichofthefollowingeffectsonlivercells?（ NuclearGrowthofthesmoothIncreasedGrowthofroughNoneoftheWhichofthefollowingproteinswouldnotbefoundinthesmoothendoplasmicreticulum?（ Ca2+-pumcytochromeglucose6-signalWhichofthefollowingexplainswhymicrosomescan'tbeseenincellsviewedwiththeelectronmicroscope?（ TheyarefartooTheyareartifactsofhomogenizationandTheyaretransparenttoTheyactuallycanbeseeninelectronmicrographsofIfyoucomparedtheproteinsinacisGolgicompartmentwithinatransGolgicompartment,youwouldfind:（theproteinsinthetwocompartmentsaretheproteinsintheciscompartmentareglycosylatedandcontainmodifiedaminoacids,whereasthoseinthetranscompartmentarenotmodified.theproteinsintheciscompartmentareglycosylated,whereasthoseinthetranscompartmentareglycosylatedandcontainmodifiedaminoacids.theproteinsoftheciscompartmentareshorterthanthoseofthetranscompartment.WhichtypeofvesicleofthetransGolginetworkwouldbemostlikelytocarryhormonesdestinedforregulatedsecretion?（）lysosomalclathrin-coatednon-clathrin-coatedalloftheascolchicine,whichofthefollowingwouldresult?（ CellshapewouldbeMitosisandmeiosiswouldnotTheintracellularlocationoforganelleswouldbeAlloftheabovewouldFirstyoudissolvethemembranefromanintactflagellum,usingthedetergentTritonX-100.NextyousoaktheaxonemeinasolutioncontainingEDTA,whichremovestheMg2+.Whatremainsoftheaxonemeafterthesetreatments?（）peripheraltubulesperipheraltubulesandcentraltubules,butnosidearmsorATPaseperipheraltubules,centraltubules,sidearms,andATPaseperipheraltubules,centraltubules,sidearms,ATPaseactivity,andaMembraneThesarcoplasmicreticulummusthaveintegralmembraneproteins

releaseandpump bindtotropomyosinandundergoactionWhenchromatinistreatedwithnonspecificnucleases,whatisthelengthofthereultingpiecesofDNA?randomnumbersofbaseabout60baseabout8baseabout200baseWhatdoomeres TheyprotectthechromsomesfromdegradationbyTheypreventtheendsofchromosomesfromfusingwithoneTheyarerequiredforcompletechromosomalallofthe lateG1andearlylateG2andearlylateG1andlatelateMandlateARF是一种单体G蛋白,它有一个GTP/GDP结合位点,当结合有GDP时,没有活性。若ARF-GDP同( )结合,可引起GDP和GTP的交换。 b.GTP酶激活蛋白; )a.产生 c.不能产生 的增加；而细胞分化则是:( a.形态结构发生变化 b.生理功能发生变化c.生化特征发生变化 d.以上都是正确的 四、简答题(选做4题，每题5分，20HowdoesregulatedsecretiondifferfromconstitutiveDynamicinstabilitycausesmicrotubuleseithertogrowortoshrinkWhatwouldhappenifthesolutioncontainedanogueofGTPthatcannotbehydrolyzed?StatetheconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthefollowingWhenananimalcellistreatedwithcolchicine,itsmicrotubulesdepolymerizeandvirtuallydisappear.Ifthecolchicineisthenwashedaway,theMTsappearagain,beginningatthecentrosomeandelongatingoutwardatabouttherate(1gm/min)atwhichtubulinpolymerizesinvitro.什么是蛋白质五、计算与推理(第1题必做，2、3选一题，每题5分，共10Inanelectronmicrographofahumanchromosomespread,youobserveathickwithalengthofabout900nmandanapparentdiameterof30nm,whichisexpectedforthesolenoidstructureofcondensedchromatin.fiber?Assume,forsimplicity,thatthereisonehelicalturnofthesolenoidper30nmalongthefiber.OneofthefunctionsofthemitoticCdk(theMPFproteinkinase)istocauseaprecipitousdropincyclinconcentrationhalfwaythroughMphase.Describetheconsequencesofthissuddendecreaseandsuggestpossiblemechanismsbywhichitmightoccur.Aproteinthatinhibitscertainproteolyticenzymes(proteases)isnormallysecretedintothebloodstreambylivercells.Thisinhibitorprotein,antitrypsin,isabsentfromthebloodstreamofpatientswhocarryamutationthatresultsinasingleaminoacidchangeintheprotein.Antitrypsindeficiencylungtissue,becauseoftheuncontrolledactivityofproteases.Surprisingly,whenthemutantantitrypsinissynthesizedinthelaboratory,itisasactiveasthenormalantitrypsinatinhibitingproteases.Whythendoesthemutationcausethedisease?Thinkofmorethanonepossibilityandsuggestwaysinwhichyoucoulddistinguishbetweenthem.六、比较题（每题5分，共10分Compareandcontrastthefollowing:cytoplasmicdyneinvs.kinesin七、综合问答题(任选一题，20八、附加题（每题5分，共15分StatetheconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthefollowingExtractsfromnondividingfrogeggsintheG2phaseofthecellcyclewerefoundtocontainstructuresthatcouldinducethepolymerizationthesestructureswereshowntocontainpericentrin（中心粒旁侧蛋白）.Thesignalrecognitionparticle(SKP))isinvolvedinregulatingtheelongationofnascentsecretoryproteinsandtargetingthemtotheendoplasmicreticulum.DescribeanexperimentinwhichthesefunctionsofSRPhavebeendemonstrated.Dephosphorylationisanimportanteventthataffectscellularstructuresduringmitosis.Describetwooftheseevents.中山大学生科(2001级生物科学、生物技术专业、进修教师、交换生,140任课教师∶王金20040112姓名 专业—二三四五六 人细胞中DNA总长度 。如果在一个正处于缩短状态的微管溶液中加入不能被水解的GTP类似物,微管 2003年的生理学或医学奖奖给了英国科学家曼斯菲尔德 科学家

以它们的输出AP1和AP2都是披网格蛋白小泡外被装配必需的辅助蛋白,但是二者的作用部 二、判断以下各题是否正确,若正确,用T表示,不正确用F 在多次跨膜蛋白中,奇数跨膜片段(从N-端起始)只能作为起始跨膜信号,而偶数 “在多数真核细胞中质膜的含量最少、功能最大”,此话正确吗? Ras是一种癌。 虽然细胞周期各时相的长短都有不同程度的变化,但变化最大的是G1期。 一个同时含有输入线粒体信号和ER驻留信号的蛋白质最终定位于线粒体而不能驻留ER。( 纤层蛋白A与内核膜相连，核纤层蛋白B和C则与染色质相连。( 合物中微粒体会提高蛋白质转移的效率?()Sec61 Whichoneofthefollowingleadstoalloftheothers? ActivationoftroponinBindingofmysointoDepolarizationofthesarcolemmaReleaseofCa2+fromthesarcoplasmicReleaseofAllofthefollowingaretrueaboutcentrioles(中心粒)exceptthey Composedof9+2ContinuouswithtubulesofComposedofWhichoneofthefollowingisnottrue? ChloroplastDNAisMitochondrialDNAisnotarrangedinMorethanonecopyofchloroplastDNAispresentinaMitochondrialDNAisreplicatedintheWhichoneofthefollowingoccursintheeukaryoticcellcycleandnotintheprokaryoticcellcycle?( ChromosomeCellCellduringmetaphase,thechromosome( MovestotheoppositeStopsinStopsinthecenteroftheAttachestoanotherNoneoftheAllofthefollowingoccurinplantcytokinesis ThephragmoplastTheplasmamembraneinvaginates.（内陷MembranevesiclesThecellplateThefollowingstagesoccurinprophaseI.Whatisthefirststage? b.Diplotene（双线期c.Leptotene（细线期 d.Pachytene(粗线期e.Zygotene（偶线期ElectronspassthroughthefollowingsitesintheZ-schemeforphotosynthesis.Whichisthefirststep?( Cytochromeb6-f b.c. d.e.Plastoquinone(醌 Yourbiotechnologycompanyisgrowingalargevolumeofcellsbuttheyarenotproducingthedesiredproductbecausethemediumistooacidic.Whatisprobablywrong?()ThecellsareproducingtoomuchGlycolysisisnotThereistoolittleO2intheThecellsusingtheKrebsThereistoomuchsugarintheTheenzymesofglycolysisarelocated OntheinnersurfaceoftheplasmaIntheIntheinnermembraneoftheIntheIntheGolgiWhichofthefollowingfirstbindstotheERforproteinsynthesis? Growing b.c.Ribosome d.Signale.Mannose6-phosphatetargetsproteinsforincorporation GolgiTheplasmaSecretoryIntegralmembraneproteinsareinsertedintothemembranewiththeN-terminalendfacingthelumenbya( TargetingSignalSignalrecognitionStop-transfer e.在下列小G蛋白中,哪一种参与COP包被小泡的装配? Rab蛋 b.Ran蛋c.ARF蛋 d. 蛋 5题,每题420平均密度和都是相同的）？说明您推断的依据。 杉醇添加到细胞中,可促进游离微管蛋白亚基装配成微管。与之相反,秋水仙碱则微管的装配。紫杉醇与秋水仙碱都是细胞的毒素,都可用作抗癌剂。根据您对微管动力学的了解,说明为什么这两种药物的作用相反但都是细假定您从线虫中分离到一些纯的蛋白质,经分析,该蛋白含有二硫键,并且其5室?依据是什么?五、计算题(10 一个核小体的长度11nm,146bpDNA(0.34nm/bp),DNA压缩54bpDNA,六、综合问答(30七、附加题(5

细胞生物学10年试题（07级）点Ifacelljustenteringmitosisistreatedwithnocodazole(诺可唑)，whichdestabilizesmicrotubulesthenuclearenvelopebreaksdownandchromosomescondense，butnospindleformsandmitosisarrests．Incontrast，ifsuchacellistreatedwithcytochalasinD(细胞松弛素D)，whichdestabilizesactinfilaments,mitosisproceedsnormally，butabinucleatecellisgeneratedandproceedsintoG1. a.诺可唑b.细胞松弛素B c.细胞松弛素D A.紫杉 B.秋水仙 C.鬼笔环 D.诺可2、实验检测到带NLS和NES的GFP40%分布在胞浆中，60%分布在核内，分析所得结果，可能与穿梭速度有关，但改造的GFP构象变化可能使NLS和NES不出来，40GFP根本没有入核60%的GFP可能只是NLS工作。请解释添加核输填空题（分值很少06年考byfarthegreatestvariationoccursinthedurationofG1——“G1能够抑制细胞编程性的外源信号，被称为“生存因子 在细胞周期调控中使用“1”种CDK和“3”种Cyclin。allmicrotubule-organizingcenterscontaincentriolesthathelpnucleatemicrotubulepolymerization.MyosinIImoleculeshavetwomotorsandarodliketailthatallowsthemtoassembleintobipolarfilaments,whicharecrucialfortheefficientslidingofopposiyorientedactinfilamentspasteachother.inducedbyUVlight.whenamoleculeofchlorophyIIinanantennacomplexabsorbsaphoton,theexcitedelectronisrapidlytransferredfromonechlorophyIImoleculetoanotheruntilitreachesthephotochemicalreactioncenter.itisclearfromstudiesinmicethatmutagenicactivationofasingleoncogeneissufficienttoconvertanormalcellintoacancercell.alloftheglycoproteinsandglycolipidsinitracellularmembraneshavetheirOligosaccharidechainsfacingthelumenalside,andallthoseintheallcytosolicproteinshavenuclearexportsignalsthatallowthemtoberemovedfromthenucleuswhenitreassemblesaftermitosis.theregulationofcyclin-CDKcomplexesdependsentirelyonphosphorylationanddephosphorylation.thethreerespiratoryenzymecomplexesinthemitochondrialinnermembraneexistinstructurallyorderedarraysthatfacilitatethecorrecttransferofelectronsbetweenappropriatecomplexesordered三个呼吸链复合物实粒体内膜上自由